scholarly journals Effect of Salt Stress on Growth and Metabolite Profiles of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) along Three Growth Stages

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2756
Author(s):  
Daissy Monroy-Velandia ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Colombia is the main producer of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a plant known for its various consumption practices and medicinal properties. This plant is generally grown in eroded soils and is considered moderately tolerant to unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient-poor soils or high salt concentrations. Most studies conducted on this plant focus on fruit production and composition because it is the target product, but a small number of studies have been conducted to describe the effect of abiotic stress, e.g., salt stress, on growth and biochemical responses. In order to better understand the mechanism of inherent tolerance of this plant facing salt stress, the present study was conducted to determine the metabolic and growth differences of P. peruviana plants at three different BBCH-based growth substages, varying salt conditions. Hence, plants were independently treated with two NaCl solutions, and growth parameters and LC-ESI-MS-derived semi-quantitative levels of metabolites were then measured and compared between salt treatments per growth substage. A 90 mM NaCl treatment caused the greatest effect on plants, provoking low growth and particular metabolite variations. The treatment discrimination-driving feature classification suggested that glycosylated flavonols increased under 30 mM NaCl at 209 substages, withanolides decreased under 90 mM NaCl at 603 and 703 substages, and up-regulation of a free flavonol at all selected stages can be considered a salt stress response. Findings locate such response into a metabolic context and afford some insights into the plant response associated with antioxidant compound up-regulation.

scholarly journals Potato virus Y (PVY) Isolates from Physalis peruviana are Unable to Systemically Infect Potato or Pepper and Form a Distinct New Lineage Within the PVYC Strain Group

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (11) ◽  
pp. 1433-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsie J. Green ◽  
Mohamad Chikh-Ali ◽  
Randall T. Hamasaki ◽  
Michael J. Melzer ◽  
Alexander V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Geographical Separation ◽  
Leaf Deformation ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Poha, or cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), is a plant species cultivated in Hawaii for fresh fruit production. In 2015, an outbreak of virus symptoms occurred on poha farms in the South Kohala District of the island of Hawaii. The plants displayed mosaic, stunting, and leaf deformation, and produced poor fruit. Initial testing found the problem associated with Potato virus Y (PVY) infection. Six individual PVY isolates, named Poha1 to Poha6, were collected from field-grown poha plants and subjected to biological and molecular characterization. All six isolates induced mosaic and vein clearing in tobacco, and three of them exhibited O-serotype while the other three reacted only with polyclonal antibodies and had no identifiable serotype. Until now, PVY isolates have been broadly divided into pepper or potato adapted; however, these six PVY isolates from poha were unable to establish systemic infection in pepper and in four tested potato cultivars. Whole-genome sequences for the six isolates were determined, and no evidence of recombination was found in any of them. Phylogenetic analysis placed poha PVY isolates in a distinct, monophyletic “Poha” clade within the PVYC lineage, suggesting that they represented a novel, biologically and evolutionarily unique group. The genetic diversity within this poha PVYC clade was unusually high, suggesting a long association of PVYC with this solanaceous host or a prolonged geographical separation of PVYC in poha in Hawaii.

scholarly journals Responses of Maize Varieties to Salt Stress in Relation to Germination and Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuurismaan Hassan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Md. Obaidullah Shaddam ◽  
Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽  
Celaleddin Barutçular ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Maize Varieties

A pot experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohamad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Bangladesh during 2016 to evaluate the response of maize varieties at germination and seedling growth stages under salt stress. The seeds of the BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) developed four maize varietiesviz.Barnali, Khoi Vutta, Mohor and BARI Maize 5 were placed in plastic pots (each of 25 cm length and 12 cm width) on sand bed irrigated with tap water (control), 100 and 200 mM NaCl salt solutions. It was replicated in thrice with completely randomized design (CRD). Salinity stress significantly affected the germination characters and seedling growth parameters of maize varieties. The germination percentages (GP) and germination rate (GR) reduced significantly with increasing salinity, and the variety Khoi Vutta showed the highest GP and GR followed by Barnali and Mohor showed the lowest GP and GR followed by BARI maize 5. Under high salinity level, seedling growths characteristics like shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots reduced remarkably in the variety Mohor indicating salt susceptible while the minimum reduction of the aforementioned traits was observed in the variety Khoi Vutta demonstrating high salt tolerant variety. The studied varieties can be ranked on the basis of salt tolerance as Khoi Vutta > Barnali > BARI Maize 5 > Mohor from the experiment.

scholarly journals PLASTIC COVERING, PLANTING DENSITY, AND PRUNNING IN THE PRODUCTION OF CAPE GOOSEBERRY ( Physalis peruviana L.) IN SUBTROPICAL REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO HENRIQUE ABREU MOURA ◽  
GIVAGO COUTINHO ◽  
RAFAEL PIO ◽  
FLÁVIO GABRIEL BIANCHINI ◽  
PAULA NOGUEIRA CURI
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Plant Canopies ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Cape Gooseberry ◽  
Fruit Mass

ABSTRACT: Physalis peruviana L. is a perennial plant, but commonly referred as annual in commercial crops. The cultivation of this species might be successful in Brazilian subtropical areas with an adequate and planned management. The objective of the present study was to quantify the production of Physalis peruviana L. with or without plastic covering over plant canopies, using two planting densities, managing the number of stems, and pruning side stems. This study was divided in two experiments; the first experiment evaluated the effect of spacing between each plant and the use of plastic covering in fruit production. The second experiment investigated the effect of the number of productive stems and of pruning in fruit production. The experimental design used for both experiments was randomized blocks, in 2 x 2 factorial scheme, which contained 6 blocks and 10 plants per plot. The following were analyzed for both experiments: production variables, estimated production, number of fruits per plant, mean fruit mass, mean fruit length and diameter, and chlorophyll relative index. Plastic covering and number of stems did not influence fruit production. The 3.0 x 0.5 m spacing without pruning side stems provided a larger production.

scholarly journals Assessing crop performance in maize field trials using a vegetation index

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-263
Author(s):  
Carl-Philipp Federolf ◽  
Matthias Westerschulte ◽  
Hans-Werner Olfs ◽  
Gabriele Broll ◽  
Dieter Trautz
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract New agronomic systems need scientific proof before being adapted by farmers. To increase the informative value of field trials, expensive samplings throughout the cropping season are required. In a series of trials where different application techniques and rates of liquid manure in maize were tested, a handheld sensor metering the red edge inflection point (REIP) was compared to conventional biomass sampling at different growth stages and in different environments. In a repeatedly measured trial during the 2014, 2015, and 2016 growing seasons, the coefficients of determination between REIP and biomass / nitrogen uptake (Nupt) ascended from 4 leaves stage to 8 leaves stage, followed by a decent towards tasseling. In a series of trials in 2014, and 2015, the mean coefficients of determination at 8 leaves stage were 0.65, and 0.67 for biomass and Nupt, respectively. The predictability of biomass or Nupt by REIP however, is limited to similar conditions (e.g. variety). In this study, REIP values of e.g. ~721, represent Nupt values from ~8 kg ha-1 to ~38 kg ha-1. Consequently, the handheld sensor derived REIP used in this series of experiments can show growth differences between treatments, but referential samples are necessary to assess growth parameters.

scholarly journals Saline Irrigation Effects on Cynara cardunculus L. Plants Grown in Mediterranean Soils

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso José Lag-Brotons ◽  
José Martín Soriano-Disla ◽  
Ignacio Gómez ◽  
José Navarro-Pedreño
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cynara Cardunculus ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Mediterranean Soils

Cynara cardunculus L., known as cynara for industrial application, is a versatile plant for Mediterranean regions. Irrigation with non-conventional salty water sources is a common practice in these water-scarce regions. However, the research performed on cynara salt-stress response is limited and solely tested under soilless conditions. Thereby, the aims of the current experiment were to ascertain the effect of saline irrigation on cynara growth and mineral nutrition in Mediterranean soils. The influence of soil was considered using two typical agricultural soils, mainly differing in their salinity status. Plants were grown under controlled conditions from November until July in pots filled with soil amended with sewage sludge compost. Three saline irrigation treatments were applied (0.7, 2, and 3 dS·m−1) with increasing concentrations of NaCl (4, 13, and 23 mM). Saline irrigation started in January and ended in June. Plants growth parameters (height, dry biomass, heads number, seed yield) declined with saline irrigation. Aboveground dry biomass of plants irrigated with 3 dS·m−1 was reduced approximately one-third regarding the control value, whereas seed yield was reduced in 57%. Despite growth reduction induced by salinity, no symptoms of nutritional deficiency were observed in leaves. Saline irrigation was the main driving factor regarding cynara mineral concentration, except for potassium (K) and manganese (Mn), which were related to soil type. Chlorine (Cl) and sodium (Na) concentration increased at the whole-plant level, whereas magnesium (Mg) showed the opposing trend. Similar trends were observed in the mineral content of cynara aboveground biomass. Interaction effects between soil type and saline irrigation were marginal. Cynara exhibited high K selectivity, which might be associated with a mechanism of salt tolerance, whereas Mg is suggested as a potential indicator of salt stress in cynara plants grown in calcareous Mediterranean soils. We concluded that cynara growth and mineral nutrition were mainly affected by saline irrigation, probably as a result of the accumulation of Na and Cl.

scholarly journals NPK Fertilization at Planting for Physalis (Physalis peruviana L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
César Ferreira Santos ◽  
Geann Costa Dias ◽  
Sheila Isabel Do Carmo Pinto ◽  
Paulino Da Cunha Leite ◽  
Konrad Passos E Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Cape Gooseberry ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae) is an Andean shrub species that produces sugary fruits.The cultivation of this species is recent, thus, aspects related to soil fertilization for it still need to bestudied. The objective of this work was to define the rates of NPK fertilizer applied at planting thatmeet the requirements of physalis crops. The experiment was conducted at Institute Federal of MinasGerais (IFMG), Campus Bambuí, from February 25 to November 23, 2015. A completely randomizeddesign was used, with 8 treatments and 6 replications, totaling 48 experimental units. The treatmentsconsisted of N, P2O5, and K2O rates (kg ha-1), using urea (45% N), monoammonium phosphate(9% N and 44% P2O5), and potassium chloride (58% of K2O). Morphological and bromatologicalcharacteristics and fruit production were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance andthe means grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The NPK rate that generates the higherfruit production and greater savings is 1200 mg dm-3 of N, 3600 mg dm-3 of P2O5, and 2400 mgdm-3 of K2O, and the NPK rate that results in greater morphological development is 1600 mg dm-3 ofN, 4800 mg dm-3 of P2O5, and 3200 mg dm-3 of K2O.Keywords: Cape gooseberry. Mineral nutrition of plants. Soil fertility. Production.

scholarly journals Identification and Expression Profiling of Nonphosphorus Glycerolipid Synthase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Xinqiao Zhan ◽  
Yichun Qian ◽  
Bizeng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Gene Structures ◽  
Functional Investigation

Dendrobium catenatum, a valuable Chinese herb, frequently experiences abiotic stresses, such as cold and drought, under natural conditions. Nonphosphorus glycerolipid synthase (NGLS) genes are closely linked to the homeostasis of membrane lipids under abiotic stress in plants. However, there is limited information on NGLS genes in D. catenatum. In this study, a total of eight DcaNGLS genes were identified from the D. catenatum genome; these included three monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaMGD1, 2, 3) genes, two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaDGD1, 2) genes, and three sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaSQD1, 2.1, 2.2) genes. The gene structures and conserved motifs in the DcaNGLSs showed a high conservation during their evolution. Gene expression profiling showed that the DcaNGLSs were highly expressed in specific tissues and during rapid growth stages. Furthermore, most DcaNGLSs were strongly induced by freezing and post-freezing recovery. DcaMGD1 and DcaSQDs were greatly induced by salt stress in leaves, while DcaDGDs were primarily induced by salt stress in roots. Under drought stress, most DcaNGLSs were regulated by circadian rhythms, and DcaSQD2 was closely associated with drought recovery. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that MYB might be regulated by circadian rhythm and co-expressed with DcaNGLSs under drought stress. These results provide insight for the further functional investigation of NGLS and the regulation of nonphosphorus glycerolipid biosynthesis in Dendrobium.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Short-Term Salt-Stress Response in Mega Hybrid Rice Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Noushin Jahan ◽  
Yang Lv ◽  
Mengqiu Song ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Liangguang Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trait Locus

Salinity is a major abiotic stressor that leads to productivity losses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, transcriptome profiling and heterosis-related genes were analyzed by ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) in seedlings of a mega rice hybrid, Liang-You-Pei-Jiu (LYP9), and its two parents 93–11 and Pei-ai64s (PA64s), under control and two different salinity levels, where we found 8292, 8037, and 631 salt-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Heterosis-related DEGs were obtained higher after 14 days of salt treatment than after 7 days. There were 631 and 4237 salt-induced DEGs related to heterosis under 7-day and 14-day salt stresses, respectively. Gene functional classification showed the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis activity after 7-day stress treatment, and in metabolic and catabolic activity after 14 days. In addition, we correlated the concurrence of an expression of DEGs for the bHLH transcription factor and a shoot length/salinity-related quantitative trait locus qSL7 that we fine-mapped previously, providing a confirmed case of heterosis-related genes. This experiment reveals the transcriptomic divergence of the rice F1 hybrid and its parental lines under control and salt stress state, and enlightens about the significant molecular mechanisms developed over time in response to salt stress.

scholarly journals Microtubule Dynamics Plays a Vital Role in Plant Adaptation and Tolerance to Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5957
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Chun ◽  
Dongwon Baek ◽  
Byung Jun Jin ◽  
Hyun Min Cho ◽  
Mi Suk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis

Although recent studies suggest that the plant cytoskeleton is associated with plant stress responses, such as salt, cold, and drought, the molecular mechanism underlying microtubule function in plant salt stress response remains unclear. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis between control suspension-cultured cells (A0) and salt-adapted cells (A120) established from Arabidopsis root callus to investigate plant adaptation mechanisms to long-term salt stress. We identified 50 differentially expressed proteins (45 up- and 5 down-regulated proteins) in A120 cells compared with A0 cells. Gene ontology enrichment and protein network analyses indicated that differentially expressed proteins in A120 cells were strongly associated with cell structure-associated clusters, including cytoskeleton and cell wall biogenesis. Gene expression analysis revealed that expressions of cytoskeleton-related genes, such as FBA8, TUB3, TUB4, TUB7, TUB9, and ACT7, and a cell wall biogenesis-related gene, CCoAOMT1, were induced in salt-adapted A120 cells. Moreover, the loss-of-function mutant of Arabidopsis TUB9 gene, tub9, showed a hypersensitive phenotype to salt stress. Consistent overexpression of Arabidopsis TUB9 gene in rice transgenic plants enhanced tolerance to salt stress. Our results suggest that microtubules play crucial roles in plant adaptation and tolerance to salt stress. The modulation of microtubule-related gene expression can be an effective strategy for developing salt-tolerant crops.

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