scholarly journals Novel Resins for Efficient Desalination

Substantia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Tanita Gettongsong ◽  
Mojtaba Taseidifar ◽  
Richard M. Pashley ◽  
Barry W. Ninham
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Surface Charging ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Chemical Cross Linking

This paper reports the synthesis and properties of new polymer resins containing strong acid and base groups for optimising applications in desalination. Several polyampholytic gels were synthesised with a ratio of 1:1 of strong acid (sulphonate) and strong base (quaternary ammonium) groups and a zwitterionic resin with a 1:1 strong acid and base ratio. The physico-chemical properties of these highly charged resins were studied in electrolyte solutions over a range of pH values, in particular: effects of chemical cross-linking, water and electrolyte swelling; bulk electrical conductivities and surface charging properties in different pH values. The results from absorption of NaCl showed that the resins have considerable potential for more effective desalination than other resin-based techniques.

scholarly journals A review on conductometric studies of electrolytes in mixed solvent systems to understand ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5355-5360
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solvent Systems

The study of ion- solvent interaction is of much importance to investigate the nature of different solutions. Measurement of electrical conductivity and evaluation of physico-chemical properties, such as molar conductance, limiting molar conductance, ion-pair association, Walden product etc. shade light on different intermolecular interactions present in electrolyte solutions. Solvation properties can be varied by mixing two or more solvents. An extensive literature survey on conductometric studies has been carried out on different electrolytes dissolved in a wide range of mixed solvent systems. The reported results show that strong solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions are responsible for the physico- chemical behavior of a solution in mixed solvents.

scholarly journals An Active Absorbent for Cleanup of High-Concentration Strong Acid and Base Solutions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3389
Author(s):  
Nara Han ◽  
Sol Park ◽  
Byung Kwon Kaang ◽  
Wooree Jang ◽  
Hye Young Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Base Solution ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
High Absorption

There is significant interest in developing novel absorbents for hazardous material cleanup. Iron oxide-coated melamine formaldehyde sponge (MFS/IO) absorbents with various IO layer thicknesses were synthesized. Various other absorbents were also synthesized and compared to evaluate the absorption capability of the MFS/IO absorbents for strong acid (15%, v/v) and base (50%, m/m) solutions. Specifically, absorbent and solution drop tests, dust tests, and droplet fragment tests were performed. Among the various absorbents, MFS/IO absorbents possessing a needlelike surface morphology showed several unique characteristics not observed in other absorbents. The MFS/IO absorbents naturally absorbed a strong base solution (absorption time: 0.71–0.5 s, absorption capacity: 10,000–34,000%) without an additional external force and immediately absorbed a strong acid solution (0.31–0.43 s, 9830–10,810%) without absorption delay/overflow during absorbent and solution drop tests, respectively. The MFS/IO absorbents were also demonstrated to be ideal absorbents that generated fewer dust particles (semiclass 1 (ISO 3) level of 280 piece/L) than the level of a clean room (class 100). Furthermore, the MFS/IO absorbents were able to prevent the formation of droplet fragments and solution overflow during the solution drop test due to their unique surface morphology and extremely high absorption speed/capacity, respectively.

scholarly journals Tryptic phosphopeptides from whole casein. II. Physicochemical properties related to the solubilization of calcium

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Berrocal ◽  
Serge Chanton ◽  
Marcel A. Juillerat ◽  
Blaise Favillare ◽  
Jean-Claude Scherz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptides ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Phosphate Solutions ◽  
Tryptic Hydrolysis

SummaryCasein phosphopeptides (GPP) were produced by tryptic hydrolysis of sodium caseinate and further purified by precipitation and chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-25. Their physico-chemical properties were compared with the properties of an enzymically dephosphorylated equivalent preparation (DPP). Binding of Ca2+ to the peptides was measured using a Ca selective electrode and was found to increase with pH and to show 1/1 stoicheiometry Ca/Porg in CPP at pH 6·5 a.nd 7·6. Klotz plots indicated equivalent binding sites at these two pH values, but some heterogeneity was seen at pH 3·5. In contrast, DPP did not bind significant amounts of Ca2+.CPP effectively inhibited the formation of insoluble calcium phosphates at different Ca/P ratios. The effective CPP concentration was 10 mg/1 and complete stability of calcium phosphate solutions was obtained at about 100 mg/1. This stabilizing effect was dependent on the presence of organic P.

Some physical and chemical properties of the lettuce seed endosperm

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 1512-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Speer ◽  
A. I. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Cellulose Membrane ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Osmotic Activity

Lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa) are shown to be encased in an osmotically active cellulose membrane derived from the endosperm. The osmotic activity of this membrane is maintained in seeds treated with strong acid (4 M HCl), strong base (4.4 M NaOH), organic solvents, and protein solvents, indicating that there is no contribution of lipid, protein, or living cells to the osmotic properties of the membrane. Only cellulose solvents such as xanthate and cellulase were effective in disrupting the membrane.When dry seeds are treated with 50% solutions of methanol, ethanol, or acetone or with 10 mM HgCl2, they become osmotically distended seeds (ods) as a result of the accumulation of soluble molecules in the fluid layer (EEF) between the membrane and embryo. This process is temperature dependent and appears to require enzymatic activity.The molecular exclusion limit of the ods membrane was measured by osmotic equilibration techniques and was found to be about 300 daltons. This then explains previous observations on the impermeability of lettuce seeds to substances such as actinomycin D (mol. wt. 1255.5) during germination. Molecules of molecular weight greater than about 300 daltons will be excluded until the endospermal barrier is ruptured at about 10–12 h after germination onset.

Amphoteric water as acid and base for protic ionic liquids and their electrochemical activity when used as fuel cell electrolytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Shah Miran ◽  
Tomohiro Yasuda ◽  
Ryoichi Tatara ◽  
Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan ◽  
Masayoshi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Activity ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Cell Electrolytes ◽  
Fuel Cell Electrolytes

Amphoteric water was mixed with equimolar amounts of a super-strong acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH), and a super-strong base, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU) to explore the properties as fuel cell electrolytes.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals Content of Soil Samples from Farms in Minna

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Z. Abdulhamid ◽  
E.B. Agbaji ◽  
C.E. Gimba ◽  
A.S. Agbaji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals content of soils were determined from seven farms in Minna, central Nigeria. Conventional analytical methods were employed to determine the physico-chemical properties and the heavy metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The result showed that pH values ranged from 6.64 - 7.70 indicating slight acidity to slight alkalinity of the soils. The total organic carbon values ranged from 0.95-2.25 % resulting in the presence of organic matter (1.63-3.87). The electrical conductivity values ranged from 17-37 μS/cm. The cation exchange capacity of the soil samples ranged from 3.68-5.15 cmol/kg. The heavy metals levels were in the following range: Cd (0.00018-0.00134 mg/g), Cu (0.0069-0.0476 mg/g), Fe (1.942-2.2059 mg/g), Mn (0.1825-0.3696 mg/g), Ni (0.0065-0.0069 mg/g) and Zn (0.0157-0.2252 mg/g). The concentration of the metals in the soil samples varied according to the following trend: Fe>Mn>Zn> Cu>Ni>Cd. The average concentration of all the metals in each farm also gave the trend Farm B>Farm G>Farm E>Farm C>Farm F>Farm D>Farm A. The findings indicate the presence of heavy metals in all the farms but only Fe was above the FAO/WHO standards.

The chemo-enzymatic modification and degumming of hemp fiber by the laccase-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical-hemicellulase system and physico-chemical properties of the products

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 2433-2443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yeping ◽  
Yu Jianyong ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Zhang Ruiyun ◽  
Qu Yongshuai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Moisture Sorption ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Acetate Buffer Solution ◽  
Enzymatic Modification ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In this study, we found an environmentally friendly system in the degumming of hemp fiber without using a strong acid and alkali. The chemo-enzymatic modification and degumming of hemp fiber used an acetic acid–sodium acetate buffer solution containing laccase, hemicellulase and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) under a mild condition (pH = 5, T = 50℃). Through comparing and analyzing the physical and chemical properties of fiber products under different treatments, we found the method involving treatment with TEMPO/laccase/hemicellulase not only greatly removed most of the gum attached on the surface of the raw hemp fiber, but also introduced surface-active aldehyde and carboxyl groups into the fiber. The performances of the hemp fibers with different treatments were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. We also found the product was finer, with a lower content of non-cellulosic components and it had better water uptake properties (moisture sorption and water retention value), which has potential application values in textile industries.

The influence of anthropogenically increased pH on the content and the mobility of nickel in arable soils in the surroundings of “Małogoszcz” cement plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Jaworska ◽  
Agata Bartkowiak ◽  
Szymon Różański
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

Abstract The aim of the conducted research was the evaluation of the influence of increased pH on the content and mobility of nickel in arable soils in the surroundings of Małogoszcz Cement Plant. The physico-chemical properties of the investigated soils were determined by the methods commonly used in soil laboratories. The total content of Ni was determined after mineralization in the mixture of HF and HClO4 acids, and the content of forms available for plants, after the extraction with DTPA solution, using ASA method. The investigated soils are characterized as loamy sands or sands (PTG 2008). These soils have the content of C-organic in the range of 10.3.24.2 g·kg-1 in the surface horizons and 8.3.20.3 g·kg-1 in the subsurface horizons. The pH values allow to classify these soils as alkaline. In all of the investigated soils calcium carbonate occurs. The values of total content of nickel were in the range of 1.47.2.82 mg·kg-1 in surface horizons and 1.80.2.45 mg·kg-1 in subsurface horizons, which allows to classify these soils as soil with natural nickel content. The content of Ni-DTPA were in the range of 0.06.0.26 mg·kg.1. The sequential analysis of the obtained results indicates on significant statistically positive correlation between the total content of Ni and C-organic, which has the value of 0.648143 and between the content of Ni-DTPA and the content of fraction with Ø<0.002 mm, with the value of 0.581113 on p=0.05.

scholarly journals A review on conductometric studies of electrolytes in mixed solvent systems to understand ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5332-5337
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solvent Systems

The study of ion- solvent interaction is of much importance to investigate the nature of different solutions. Measurement of electrical conductivity and evaluation of physico-chemical properties, such as molar conductance, limiting molar conductance, ion-pair association, Walden product etc. shade light on different intermolecular interactions present in electrolyte solutions. Solvation properties can be varied by mixing two or more solvents. An extensive literature survey on conductometric studies has been carried out on different electrolytes dissolved in a wide range of mixed solvent systems. The reported results show that strong solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions are responsible for the physico- chemical behavior of a solution in mixed solvents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document