scholarly journals Commodity and consumer qualities and chemical composition of fruits of promising breeding forms of apple for the Crimea

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
E. S. Khalilov ◽  
A. V. Smykov ◽  
E. F. Chelebiyev ◽  
M. K. Uskov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
The Republic

The value of the fruits of the apple tree culture for the human diet is shown. The necessity of selection to improve the chemical composition of its fruits is justified. In the Russian Federation and the Republic of the Crimea as an integral part of it, all-round improvement of the varietal composition of apple trees should be accompanied by extensive use of the best selected or created new cultivars of local selection, including the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. The objective of the research is to identify sources of economically valuable traits that are of interest for practical application and further selection. The article presents the results of a long-term study of the commodity and consumer qualities of 15 promising breeding forms of apple trees. The highest yield of commercial fruits was observed in four genotypes: 1-32-87, 2-6-13-82, 2-38-78, 3-6. The maximum weight of the fruit (226-224 g) differs in three breeding forms-3-6, 2-38-78, 3-6-47-79, according to the sugar content (12.7-13.1%), two are distinguished - 2-6-13-80 and 12-3-78. In terms of vitamin C content, four breeding forms, including 1-32-87 and 3-6, surpassed the control cultivar. During the organoleptic evaluation, the highest score was obtained by the control and selection forms 1-32-87 and 10-72-78. The selected genotypes are of considerable interest for practical use and selection.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR THE DIFFERENTIATION OF AGE STATUS OF PTILOSTEMON ECHINOCEPHALUS (WILLD.) GREUTER (LAMYRA ECHINOCEPHALA (WILLD.) TAMAMSCH.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (2) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
E. V. Zadneprovskaya ◽  
L. P. Vakhrusheva
Keyword(s):  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Differentiation Degree ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Republic

Ptilostemon echinocephalus (Willd.) Greuter (Lamyra echinocephala (Willd.) Tamamsch.) is the only species of the genus Ptilostemon from the Asteraceae family that grows on the Crimean Peninsula. The relic area of Ptilostemon echinocephalus distributed by the Crimea, the Caucasus, Asia Minor. The species is included in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea, Krasnodarskiy and Stavropolskiy Krays of the Russian Federation. The article is the result of a long-term study of morphological criteria of Ptilostemon echinocephalus age status. Thus, the ontogenesis of individuals of the species Ptilostemon echinocephalus includes 12 age states, the total during of ontogenesis lasts 15–18 years. The main characters of the pregenerative period differentiation of development are the number of leaves and the differentiation degree of the leaves lamina. During the study, another important feature was identified to indicate different age stages, the ratio of vegetating and dried leaves. Generative plants were subdivided into: immature generative (g1), adult (mature) generative (g2) and old generative (g3). For the generative stage of development, the ratio of generative and vegetative rosettes, the ratio of dried and vegetative shoots, and the number of baskets were indicative. Differentiation of subsenile and senile age states is conducted according to the same criteria that are used for generative individuals, the main emphasis is on the ratio of dried and vegetative parts.The article also notes the specificity of the course of ontogenesis depending on the ecological-cоenotic conditions in the petrophytic steppes and phrygana communities of the Crimea.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF APPLE FRUITS OF ALTAI VARIETIES AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Autumn And Winter

A comparative analysis of the varietal variability of the fruits of 71 varieties of apple trees of Altai selection in terms of biochemical composition, according to generally accepted methods using statistical variation analysis based on long-term research, was carried out. Correlations were revealed between the content of chemical elements depending on other characteristics of the fruit and the period of ripening. The average content of soluble dry matter in fruits is from an average 15.5% in summer varieties to a high 16.2–16.3% in varieties with autumn and winter ripening. On average, the content of total sugars in fruits is high and varies insignificantly from 12.7 to 12.9%, the content of titratable acids in fruits is high – 1.0%. The content of ascorbic acid is higher in fruits of varieties with summer ripening and is 24.0 mg / 100 g, with autumn – 19.6 mg / 100 g, with winter – 22.0 mg / 100 g. As a result of selection for the qualitative improvement of fruits apple trees in Altai revealed a negative correlation of the biochemistry of the fetus, depending on its size for all indicators. Fruits of a significant part of varieties created in Altai have good taste, of which 27 have a sugar-acid index of 15–25. The fruits of the varieties Alpek, Altai Velvet, Altai New Year, Altai ruddy, Altai sweet, Gornoaltayskoe, Zolotaya taiga, Pepinka Altai have a very high sugar content of more than 15%, a high value of the sum of sugars – in fruits of 59 varieties from 10.0 to 14.9%. Varieties with high biochemical characteristics are their sources in breeding for improved biochemical composition of fruits.

scholarly journals Long-term record of aerosol optical properties and chemical composition from a high-altitude site (Manora Peak) in Central Himalaya

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 11791-11803 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ram ◽  
M. M. Sarin ◽  
P. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Western India ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Inorganic Species

Abstract. A long-term study, conducted from February 2005 to July 2008, involving chemical composition and optical properties of ambient aerosols from a high-altitude site (Manora Peak: 29.4° N, 79.5° E, ~1950 m a.s.l.) in the central Himalaya is reported here. The total suspended particulate (TSP) mass concentration varied from 13 to 272 μg m−3 over a span of 42 months. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and TSP increase significantly during the summer (April–June) due to increase in the concentration of mineral dust associated with the long-range transport from desert regions (from the middle-East and Thar Desert in western India). The seasonal variability in the carbonaceous species (EC, OC) is also significantly pronounced, with lower concentrations during the summer and monsoon (July–August) and relatively high during the post-monsoon (September–November) and winter (December–March). On average, total carbonaceous aerosols (TCA) and water-soluble inorganic species (WSIS) contribute nearly 25 and 10% of the TSP mass, respectively. The WSOC/OC ratios range from 0.36 to 0.83 (average: 0.55 ± 0.15), compared to lower ratios in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (range: 0.35–0.40), and provide evidence for the enhanced contribution from secondary organic aerosols. The mass fraction of absorbing EC ranged from less than a percent (during the summer) to as high as 7.6% (during the winter) and absorption coefficient (babs, at 678 nm) varied between 0.9 to 33.9 Mm−1 (1 Mm−1=10−6 m−1). A significant linear relationship between babs and EC (μgC m−3) yields a slope of 12.2 (± 2.3) m2 g−1, which is used as a measure of the mass absorption efficiency (σabs) of EC.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of the incidence of viral hepatitis A in the republic of Crimea

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Maksim V. Gorovenko ◽  
I. Z Karimov ◽  
N. A Penkovskaya ◽  
N. G Los-Yatsenko ◽  
A. S Midikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Annual Dynamic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Viral Hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis A is the most widespread form of acute viral hepatitis in the world and one of the most important medico-social problems of public health care. The existing ecologic problems of the Crimea demand more careful studying of regularities of epidemic process of hepatitis A on the peninsula to provide epidemiological well-being of the population and visitors. Retrospective epidemiologic analysis of long-term and annual dynamic of viral hepatitis A incidence in Crimea Republic in 2005-2014 had been carried out on the basis of statistical data of Interregional Department of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol. It is revealed that The prevalence of adults in structure ofpatients, leveling ofperiodicity and expressed tendency to reducing of morbidity were revealed to be features of hepatitis A on the peninsula.

scholarly journals The use of genetic diversity in apple breeding for scab resistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
E. V. Ulyanovskaya ◽  
I. I. Suprun ◽  
S. V. Tokmakov ◽  
K. M. Atabiyev ◽  
E. A. Belenko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Selection Of

The results of a long-term study of the apple tree gene pool ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) in the conditions of southern Russia are presented. The purpose of the study is the formation of the identified collections, the selection of donors and sources of economically valuable traits with recommendations for their use in apple breeding. In the work we used the programs and methods of breeding and sorting, molecular genetic research methods. Valuable for breeding cultivars with immunity to scab ( Rvi6 gene) and high quality of fruits (genes Md-PG1 (AA); Md-Exp7 (198)) were identified: Modi, Stellar, CIVG 98, elite form 29-5-49.

scholarly journals Influence of enzymatic treatments on white wine composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 02032
Author(s):  
E.C. Scutaraşu ◽  
V.V. Cotea ◽  
C.E. Luchian ◽  
L.C. Colibaba ◽  
N. Katalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

Most biochemical reactions involved in the wine-making process are catalyzed by enzymes. The use of enzymes of exogenous origin in wine production is due to the numerous technological and economical advantages demonstrated over time in the winemaking process. Understanding the important role played by enzymes in wine making technology contributes to the development of optimization strategies for the production process to improve the final quality of the wine. In order to accomplish this study, the influence of five oenological preparations with pectolytic and β-glucosidases enzymes types on the volatile compounds of white wines obtained from Fetească regală variety was analyzed by monitoring their evolution during the alcoholic fermentation to the final product. Wine samples have been physically and chemically analysed (pH, acidity, alcoholic strength, density, malic acid, lactic acid, sugar content, SO2, total dry extract and non-reducing extract) according to OIV Standards. Separation and identification of flavor compounds was performed using an Agilent 7890 gas chromatograph coupled to a 5975 C inert XL EI/CI MSD spectrophotometer. The organoleptic evaluation of wines was made according to a wide range of sensory descriptors. An important evolution of volatile compounds during fermentation was observed, depending on the type of enzyme administered, compared to the control sample. Enzymatic treatments did not significantly affect the physico-chemical composition of the wines obtained. The chromatic parameters of the wine samples varied according to the type of enzyme applied. The results of the study showed a significant influence of the enzymes on the organoleptic characteristics of the wines. Therefore, the aromatic quality of a wine is directly proportional to the chemical composition of the grapes and to the technology.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits grown in the Republic of Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Maria Zenkova ◽  
Julia Pinchykova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Pectin Content ◽  
The Republic

Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits determines their value while using them fresh or processed. Berries have distinctive characteristics depending on a variety, soil and climatic conditions and growing techniques. The object of the researches have been Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) of three varieties (Podarok sadu, Trofimovskaya, Botanicheskaya) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) of five varieties (Duke, Bluetta, Bluecrop, Northland, Coville) grown in the Republic of Belarus. Sea-buckthorn and Highbush Blueberry fruits chemical composition has been studied during a three-year cycle of monitoring using standard methods and in accordance with technical legal acts of the Republic of Belarus. Solid content (13,0-15,3%), sugar content (4,00-4,80%), organic acids (1,10-2,05%), nitrogen substances content (0,29-0,46%), lipids (3,6-6,2%), pectin content (0,40-0,50%), fiber (3,20-4,90%), minerals, vitamin С (44,7-78,7 мг/100г), β-carotene (4,4-13,2 мг/100г) have been studied in Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.). Solid content (12,2-15,1%), sugar content (2,73-3,96%), organic acids (0,59-0,95%), pectin content (0,57-0,97%), fiber (1,20-1,68%), bioflavonoids (276-368 мг/100 г), bioflavonoids complex fractional composition (anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, catechines, flavonols), vitamin С (60,5-72,2 мг/100 г) and mineral content have been studied in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Exogenous contaminants content (arsenic, heavy metals), hygienical safety indexes, caesium 137 radionuclides content have been investigated in the fruits. Specific varieties characterictics of Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit chemical composition have been determined. The studied fruit is fully safe and can be recommended to be used both fresh and processed.

scholarly journals Productivity formation features of Apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) with intermediate insertion of low-growth rootstock EM-IX in the Crime

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
N. A. Babintseva
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Results ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
High Level ◽  
Technological Methods

The long-term results of studies on the formation of productivity in apple trees on the medium-sized rootstock MM-106 with an intermediate insert of a low-growth rootstock EM - IX are given. The objects of research are cultivars: Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Kimmeriya, Krymskoe with a planting pattern of 3.5 x 1.25 m and 3.5 x 1.75 m. Trees are formed according to the type of free spindle. As a result of the research, a high potential application of the combined stock (with intercalary insert) in the garden, which provides early fruiting, a rapid increase in yield, high marketability and keeping quality of fruits, is revealed. Domestic intensive gardens on a combined stock can be created in the conditions of the Crimea without any support, which saves material resources for their laying. The formation of trees according to the type of free spindle in the gardens makes it possible to compact the planting of trees in a row by 20-25% and reduce the amount of labor expended on pruning trees and harvesting 1.6 times, depending on the cultivar. Realization of the productivity potential in such gardens is determined by the high level of agricultural technology with the obligatory implementation of technological methods.

RESULTS OF APPLE-TREE BREEDING FOR FRUITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION IMPROVEMENT

1970 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
М. А. Makarkina ◽  
Z. М. Serova ◽  
Т. V. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Active Substances

Breeding for creating apple varieties not only adaptive, perishable, high-yielding, with high commodity and consumer qualities of fruits, but also with fruits rich in sugar, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and P-active substances has been conducted for about 50 years at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). Apple varieties with the improved biochemical composition of fruit are briefly described in this article. The long-term study made it possible to identify 3 varieties among apple varieties of VNIISPK breeding that have high content of sugars in fruit including Blagodat – 13.3 %, Vavilovskoye – 13.0 and Ministr Kisilev -13.1 % , with an average sugar content in 58 varieties-10.6 %. The best varieties by the content of ascorbic acid in fruits were Ivanovskoye – 19.5 mg/100 g, Veteran – 19.4, Nizkorosloye – 18.0 and Pepin Orlovsky – 15.3 mg/100 g. With an average content of P-active substances 364 mg/100 g in 58 varieties the best varieties were Candil Orlovsky – 558, Orlovsky Pioner – 514, Pamyaty Khitrovo – 480 and Radost Nadezhdy – 474 mg/100 g. The long-term work has shown that by breeding it is possible to improve significantly the biochemical composition of the fruit in apple. The introduction of intensive orchards into production with apple varieties having high content of sugars, ascorbic acid and P-active substances gives an opportunity to increase the food and medicine value of fruits without additional costs.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MECHANICALLY TREATED ARGLABIN AND ITS MECHANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON ARABINOGALACTAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Anatol'yevna Neverova ◽  
Anara Nikhanbaevna Zhabaeva ◽  
Aleksey Aleksandrovich Levchuk ◽  
Vasiliy Anatol'yevich Babkin ◽  
Almas Rashidovich Beisenbaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Molecular Dispersion ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Republic

Over the past decades, researchers have increasingly turned to natural compounds and preparations created on their basis. Biologically active terpenoids, in particular, natural sesquiterpene lactones, are of great interest. One of the rich sources of these compounds is a plant of the genus Artemisia, whose representative is wormwood Artemisia glabella Kar et Kir., Growing on the territory of Central Kazakhstan. In the study of the chemical composition of wormwood, a new biologically active compound, sesquiterpenic lactone arglabin, with antitumor and radiosensitizing properties has been isolated. The antitumor drug "Arglabin" is used in oncological clinics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Uzbekistan, the Republic of Georgia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in the complex therapy of tumors of the breast, lung, liver, etc. The purpose of this work is to study the physicochemical properties of mechanically treated arglabin and its mixture with a larch water–soluble polysaccharide arabinogalactan, obtained by mechanochemical means. According to IR, UV and NMR 13С spectroscopy, long–term mechanochemical treatment does not lead to a change in the chemical composition of arglabin molecules. All the spectra obtained are identical to the spectra of the initial (not mechanically treated) arglabin. Using X–ray analysis, it was shown that in the mechanocomposites of arglabin with arabinogalactan there is no disordering of the crystal structure of arglabin and its molecular dispersion in the polysaccharide matrix does not occur.

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