scholarly journals Optimization of technogenic landscapes of the Crimea. Report 1. Quarries and pits

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Plugatar ◽  
V. V. Korzhenevsky ◽  
I. I. Golovnev ◽  
O. A. Slavgorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Technogenic Landscapes ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Relief Formation ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
Forest Lands

The main forms of anthropogenic relief formation (defensive ditches, mounds, canals, quarries, dumps, etc.) from the Neolithic to the present, which were marked by the presence of 152 abandoned and 137 active quarries on the territory of the peninsula, are considered. The basic principles and approaches to the reclamation of anthropogenic landforms are stated. Improvement options should be determined by the specific conditions of the technogenic landscape, as well as the suitability of the quarry for the intended use and the possibility of its transformation and, of course, the need of the ecosystem and society for an optimized object of the proposed type. The versions of optimization of open-pit workings during dry and wet rock excavation are considered. It is noted that in conditions of water shortage, preference should be given to the creation of reservoirs at the place of workings. The basic requirements for reclamation for agricultural and forest lands, the formation of sozological reserves by the formation of artificial reservoirs for various purposes: a reservoir to maintain ecological balance and preserve biological diversity (landscape-ecosystem function), a reservoir as a recreation area (recreational function), a reservoir as a source of drinking water (hydrological function), a reservoir for fish farming, including professional fishing (economic function). Possible approaches to optimization of quarries are discussed. An assortment of plant species suitable for creating coastal communities with a coastal protection function is presented.

scholarly journals Identifying Problems in Watering Ponds with Different Purposes

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Manuel Pulido ◽  
Alberto Alfonso-Torreño ◽  
Jesús Barrena-González ◽  
Rafael Robina-Ramírez ◽  
Mohamed Amine Abdennour
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Azolla Filiculoides

The main goal of this study was to identify the problems that are putting the viability of watering ponds at risk. For doing that, we have analyzed five different study cases: (I) livestock consumption, Mediterranean climate (rangelands of SW Spain), (II) multifunctional ponds (Arroyo de la Luz, Spain), (III) ecotourism (Valdepajares de Tajo, Spain), (IV) crop irrigation and fish farming, semi-arid climate (the wilaya of Ouargla, Algeria), and (V) livestock consumption, humid subtropical climate (Prudentópolis, Brazil). The identification of problems was made through surveys, personal interviews, local knowledge and literature review as well as through the analysis of water quality parameters such as the concentration of phosphates and fecal coliforms in some ponds. We have identified problems of water shortage (ca. 50% of rangeland farmers), pollution induced by agriculture (maximum values of phosphates = 1.33 mg L−1) and livestock farming (maximum value of fecal coliforms ≈ 7000 cfu mL−1), low potability for human consumption (score: 2.8/7.0), invasive species such as Azolla filiculoides (10 out of 17 watering ponds), high water temperature for aquaculture in summer (Algeria) and the increase of turbidity in nearby water courses due to the actions of free-fattening pigs (Brazil), among many other problems. We conclude an extra effort by stakeholders is still needed in order to agree mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC – MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE OPTIMAL PLACEMENT AND DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL CAPACITIES OF AN ENTERPRISES FOR THE PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASRE (MSW) AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
I.H. Osmanov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Recreation Area

The article considers an economic and mathematical model of optimal placement and determination of rational capacities of enterprises for processing solid household waste (SHW) at the regional level. The economic and mathematical model takes into account: factors that ensure the achievement of economic efficiency; ensuring environmental safety of the environment, the population of cities and towns. Environmental safety of SHW processing plants is of the utmost importance, since Crimea is a resort and recreation area. The role of state bodies in solving these urgent problems for the Crimea is considered.

RECOMMENDATIONS OF MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VOLUMES OF RELEASE OF AQUATIC BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES: REGULATORY REGULATION AND PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Igor Studenov ◽  
A. Torcev
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Fish Juveniles ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Water Ecosystems

The addition of natural reproduction of hydrobionts by the fish farming to provide a fishery resources and preserve the biological diversity of water ecosystems. Fish farming based on scientific recommendations in Russia according to federal legislation. The need to develop scientific recommendations has been related to the fact conditions of each water body determine the number of fish juveniles that can be provided with conditions for their growth. Currently, the term "maximum permissible volumes of release" (PDOV) used in regulatory documents governing the development of recommendations for fish farming. At the same time, the definition of this term is not given in the legislation, which implies its interpretation. The lack of explicit wording of the term makes it possible to use a variety of approaches and methods in the preparation of recommendations. Аs expected, the use of different methods gives different results. There is debate about the eligibility of applying different approaches when discussing the results, since each expert has a different view on the problem of determining the maximum permissible number for release. This situation indicates the need to approve unified methodological approaches to assessing the maximum permissible number of fish juveniles to release. It is necessary to supplement governing document with provisions in which, based on the availability and quality of available information on the reproduction conditions and the feed base of juvenile fish, existing methodological approaches to determining the maximum permissible number for release, various levels of information support can be distinguished to substantiate the maximum permissible number of fish juveniles.

Using geographic information systems to make transparent and weighted decisions on pit development: incorporation of interactive economic, environmental, and social factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103-1126
Author(s):  
C. Risk ◽  
S.A. Zamaria ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J.J. Ke ◽  
G. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Ranking Scheme ◽  
Decision Making Tool

A geographic information systems platform with an analytical hierarchy process was employed to rank the importance of different economic, environmental, and social factors involved in choosing the location of an open-pit operation within a small county in the province of Ontario, Canada. Weighted environmental (hydraulic conductivity, soil types, slope, and elevation) and social (distance from population zones) overlays were combined and then compared against a map of potential sources of sand and gravel deposits (economic factor) to locate the most ideal location for a pit. This resulted in the delineation of four ideal locations for the operation in the north of the county. Here, permeability values are low and there are no major population centres. The decision-making tool developed here has the ability to adapt to changing social and (or) environmental criteria and could greatly improve transparency in natural resource management decisions. The largest limitation to this decision-making tool is that it treats all water sources as equal. As research continues to identify different ecosystem services (i.e., acid neutralization, low contamination source waters, and high biological diversity) for different types of waterways, a ranking scheme could be added along the lines of high versus low conservation priorities for nonrenewable freshwater lake and river resources.

scholarly journals Large-scale mapping of live corals to guide reef conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (52) ◽  
pp. 33711-33718
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Asner ◽  
Nicholas R. Vaughn ◽  
Joseph Heckler ◽  
David E. Knapp ◽  
Christopher Balzotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Live Coral Cover ◽  
The Face

Coral is the life-form that underpins the habitat of most tropical reef ecosystems, thereby supporting biological diversity throughout the marine realm. Coral reefs are undergoing rapid change from ocean warming and nearshore human activities, compromising a myriad of services provided to societies including coastal protection, fishing, and cultural practices. In the face of these challenges, large-scale operational mapping of live coral cover within and across reef ecosystems could provide more opportunities to address reef protection, resilience, and restoration at broad management- and policy-relevant scales. We developed an airborne mapping approach combining laser-guided imaging spectroscopy and deep learning models to quantify, at a large archipelago scale, the geographic distribution of live corals to 16-m water depth throughout the main Hawaiian islands. Airborne estimates of live coral cover were highly correlated with field-based estimates of live coral cover (R2 = 0.94). Our maps were used to assess the relative condition of reefs based on live coral, and to identify potential coral refugia in the face of human-driven stressors, including marine heat waves. Geospatial modeling revealed that water depth, wave power, and nearshore development accounted for the majority (>60%) of live coral cover variation, but other human-driven factors were also important. Mapped interisland and intraisland variation in live coral location improves our understanding of reef geography and its human impacts, thereby guiding environmental management for reef resiliency.

scholarly journals RECULTIVATION ON QUARRY-DUMP COMPLEXES OF TECHNOGENIC TERRITORIES IN THE FOOTHERN CRIMEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
V. G. Kobechinskaya ◽  
O.B. Yarosh
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Economic Use

The article deals with theoretical and applied issues of biological reclamation of vegetation in an abandoned hydromorphic (flooded) lime quarry of building materials in the foothill zone of the Crimea. The stages of the primary syngenesis of the vegetation forming here have been identified; without mining technical reclamation of the open pit, this territory will be taken out of economic use forever.

scholarly journals Biomorphogenic Feedbacks and the Spatial Organization of a Dominant Grass Steer Dune Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Bonte ◽  
Femke Batsleer ◽  
Sam Provoost ◽  
Valérie Reijers ◽  
Martijn L. Vandegehuchte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Marram Grass ◽  
The Impact

Nature-based solutions to mitigate the impact of future climate change depend on restoring biological diversity and natural processes. Coastal foredunes represent the most important natural flood barriers along coastlines worldwide, but their area has been squeezed dramatically because of a continuing urbanization of coastlines, especially in Europe. Dune development is steered by the development of vegetation in interaction with sand fluxes from the beach. Marram grass (Calamagrostis arenaria, formerly Ammophila arenaria) is the main dune building species along most European coasts, but also in other continents where the species was introduced. Engineering of coastal dunes, for instance by building dunes in front of dikes, needs to be based on a solid understanding of the species’ interactions with the environment. Only quantitative approaches enable the further development of mechanistic models and coastal management strategies that encapsulate these biomorphogenic interactions. We here provide a quantitative review of the main biotic and physical interactions that affect marram grass performance, their interactions with sand fluxes and how they eventually shape dune development. Our review highlights that the species’ spatial organization is central to dune development. We further demonstrate this importance by means of remote sensing and a mechanistic model and provide an outlook for further research on the use of coastal dunes as a nature-based solution for coastal protection.

scholarly journals Coal mining in Kuzbass and new technologies for revegetation of dumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 02016
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Kopytov ◽  
Oleg Kupriyanov ◽  
Yury Manakov ◽  
Andrey Kupriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Steppe Plants ◽  
Seed Mixture

During the period of coal mining in Kuzbass, about 9 billion tons of coal were mined, which is 16% of all in-place reserves of coal in Kuzbass. In 2020, coal production amounted to 220.7 million tons, including 164.4 million tons of open pit mining, which is 74% of the total. The negative side of an increase in the share of open pit coal mining is an increase in the area of disturbed lands, which currently reaches 150 thousand hectares. To restore the biological diversity of dumps, a nature-like technology has been developed for revegetation of dumps, which consists in applying a 15 cm thick loam layer to the dump and introducing a grass seed mixture containing seeds of steppe plants. For six years, a stable, self-perpetuating permanent nature-like community is formed, numbering 30-40 species of steppe plants.

scholarly journals Biomorphogenic feedbacks and the spatial organisation of a dominant grass steer dune development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries Bonte ◽  
Femke Batsleer ◽  
Sam Provoost ◽  
Valerie Reijers ◽  
Martijn Vandegehuchte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Marram Grass ◽  
The Impact

Nature-based solutions to mitigate the impact of future climate change depend on restoring biological diversity and natural processes. Coastal foredunes represent the most important natural flood barriers along coastlines worldwide, but their area has been squeezed dramatically because of a continuing urbanisation of coastlines, especially in Europe. Dune development is steered by the development of vegetation in interaction with sand fluxes from the beach. Marram grass (Calamagrostis arenaria, formerly Ammophila arenaria) is the main dune building species along most European coasts, but also in other continents where the species was introduced. Engineering of coastal dunes, for instance by building dunes in front of dikes, needs to be based on a solid understanding of the species' interactions with the environment. Only quantitative approaches enable the further development of mechanistic models and coastal management strategies that encapsulate these biomorphogenic interactions. We here provide a quantitative review of the main biotic and physical interactions that affect marram grass performance, their interactions with sand fluxes and how they eventually shape dune development. Our review highlights that the species spatial organisation is central to dune development. We further demonstrate this importance by means of remote sensing and a mechanistic model and provide an outlook for further research on the use of coastal dunes as a nature-based solution for coastal protection.

The Invasion of the Crimea

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander William Kinglake
Keyword(s):  
The Crimea
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