scholarly journals RECULTIVATION ON QUARRY-DUMP COMPLEXES OF TECHNOGENIC TERRITORIES IN THE FOOTHERN CRIMEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
V. G. Kobechinskaya ◽  
O.B. Yarosh
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Economic Use

The article deals with theoretical and applied issues of biological reclamation of vegetation in an abandoned hydromorphic (flooded) lime quarry of building materials in the foothill zone of the Crimea. The stages of the primary syngenesis of the vegetation forming here have been identified; without mining technical reclamation of the open pit, this territory will be taken out of economic use forever.

scholarly journals Optimization of technogenic landscapes of the Crimea. Report 1. Quarries and pits

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Plugatar ◽  
V. V. Korzhenevsky ◽  
I. I. Golovnev ◽  
O. A. Slavgorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Technogenic Landscapes ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Relief Formation ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
Forest Lands

The main forms of anthropogenic relief formation (defensive ditches, mounds, canals, quarries, dumps, etc.) from the Neolithic to the present, which were marked by the presence of 152 abandoned and 137 active quarries on the territory of the peninsula, are considered. The basic principles and approaches to the reclamation of anthropogenic landforms are stated. Improvement options should be determined by the specific conditions of the technogenic landscape, as well as the suitability of the quarry for the intended use and the possibility of its transformation and, of course, the need of the ecosystem and society for an optimized object of the proposed type. The versions of optimization of open-pit workings during dry and wet rock excavation are considered. It is noted that in conditions of water shortage, preference should be given to the creation of reservoirs at the place of workings. The basic requirements for reclamation for agricultural and forest lands, the formation of sozological reserves by the formation of artificial reservoirs for various purposes: a reservoir to maintain ecological balance and preserve biological diversity (landscape-ecosystem function), a reservoir as a recreation area (recreational function), a reservoir as a source of drinking water (hydrological function), a reservoir for fish farming, including professional fishing (economic function). Possible approaches to optimization of quarries are discussed. An assortment of plant species suitable for creating coastal communities with a coastal protection function is presented.

scholarly journals The influence of compaction and saturation on the compressibility of colliery waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1345-1355
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaminska ◽  
Piotr Dzierwa
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Anthropogenic Soils ◽  
Open Pit Mines ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
The Subject

Using colliery waste to produce building materials, especially in earthworks to build different types of road and railway embankments, or to fill cavities and open-pit mines, requires us to determine the value of the settlement and the ability of fly ash to reduce its volume about its usability for mentioned purposes. Economic benefits and the need to protect the environment are the main reasons for using fly ash as secondary raw material. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of initial compaction and water conditions on the process and values of settlement as well as oedometric modulus of primary compression, decompression and secondary compression of fly ash. The tests were carried out in oedometers. The subject of the research was fly ash from Skawina Power Plant. Literature analysis covers the processes of waste production and management, types of waste depending on the grain size and composition, as well as the methods and ways of testing the compressibility of mineral and anthropogenic soils. The results of the tests allowed formulating conclusions on the influence of compaction and water conditions on the possibility of settling, consolidation and the values of compressibility moduli of the tested material. They also allowed determining the usability of the material for earth constructions and other purposes.

scholarly journals High strain dynamic testing of driven piles during the construction of the bridge across the Kerch Strait

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Ilia Glushkov
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Driven Piles ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
Construction Organizations ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Design Construction

In accordance with the Russian Federal Target Program of Social and Economic Development of the Crimea and Sevastopol, a bridge across the Kerch Strait is being built now. Of course, such complex structures are significant for Russia. Solving technical issues at different stages of engineering investigations, design, construction and operation of such objects it is required to attract specialists from scientific, educational, design, construction organizations, and manufacturers of building materials, structures and equipment from different countries. Before the implementation of this project, more than 70 different variations of the construction of the transport crossing were considered. These are combinations of bridges (cable, arched, girder, combined, etc.), tunnels and embankments in four sections of the Kerch Strait. As a result of the multifactor analysis, the optimal variation of the transition through the Tuzla point of two parallel bridges of about 19 km in length, with beam spans of 55-64 m, arches with a width of 227 m and a height of 45 m in the navigable channel was adopted. The bridge clearance for passage of ships is 185 × 35 m. To design a unique and complex bridge under existing regulations, special technical conditions were developed. When piles were driven, there were difficulties and issues that required prompt solutions. Employees of the Department of Highways and Bridges of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University were involved in testing piles and hammers. The design of foundations and the technology of driving piles were changed as the test results were obtained.

scholarly journals Technical and economic efficiency of reinforced concrete elements with different types of reinforcement

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Efimenko ◽  
Liya Mailyan ◽  
Viktor Muradyan
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Reinforcement Steel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Concrete Elements ◽  
Economic Use

The article presents data on the bearing capacity of columns with various combinations of prestressed and conventional reinforcement. The areas of the most effective use of such structures with different eccentricities and flexibilities are shown. The ecology of reinforcement steel is an important task that the designers of reinforced concrete structures face. The creation of effective constructive solutions, that allow to combine high technical characteristics with economic use of reinforcement steel, has become urgent and is necessary for today's development of the construction industry. In the works [1,2,3,4,5] it was shown that the solution of these problems was possible by creating conditions for the full employment of building materials properties - reinforcement and concrete. The working reinforcement is characterized by its application in the conventional and prestretched forms. At the same time, the works done in the recent years show that reinforcement, subjected to precompression, can be used in the compressed zone [6,7,8]. It is most effective in rigid reinforced concrete columns. Thus, precompression of all longitudinal reinforcement or its part allows to increase the strength of non-flexible columns with not high relative eccentricities of the external longitudinal force. At the same time, in order to obtain the greatest effect caused by the precompression of the reinforcement, certain conditions must be observed.

scholarly journals Geo-Environmental Problems of Open Pit Mining: Classification and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Michaela Koščová ◽  
Mark Hellmer ◽  
Seroni Anyona ◽  
Tatiana Gvozdkova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Open Development ◽  
Entire Complex

Open mining development is the cheapest method, because it uses powerful production equipment, which allows a large amount of minerals to be excavated during a shift. Working conditions in open development are less dangerous for the health of workers, and a smaller number of supervisory personnel than in underground mining is required. In the process of open development, stripping works are first carried out, i.e. the removal of the empty rocks covering the deposit. Constantly growing requirements for energy sources, metal ores and building materials cause the need for intensive development of the mining industry. There is a rejection of significant areas for the development of minerals in an open and closed way. The causes of degradation are both the mining of minerals, as well as construction, the placement of production and consumption wastes in the natural environment. Changes in the components of the environment are observed as a result of direct or indirect influence of mining enterprises activities. This requires an analysis of the entire complex of geo-environmental problems of open mining and the identification of the most urgent ways to solve them.

scholarly journals Indoor and outdoor 222Rn and 220Rn and their progeny levels surrounding Bayan Obo mine, China

Nukleonika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Nanping Wang ◽  
Miao Hu ◽  
Weihua Zeng ◽  
Cong Yu ◽  
Binlin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Outdoor Concentration ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Bayan Obo ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

AbstractMore than half of the total natural ionizing radiation dose received by the human population is caused by radon and thoron (Rn and Tn) and their progeny. To estimate the level of radiation due to radon and thoron and their progeny, an investigation was conducted in a residential area near the world’s largest open-pit mine of Bayan Obo in Inner Mongolia, China. The concentration of Rn, Tn, and their decay products in air and soil were studied by using AlphaGUARD, RAD7, and ERS-RDM-2S for a discrete period of time in three different locations. The average indoor concentration of radon and thoron was 62.6 ± 44.6 Bq/m3 and 108.3 ± 94.5 Bq/m3 respectively, and the outdoor concentration was 12.9 ± 6.3 Bq/m3 and 55.8 ± 18.5 Bq/m3, respectively. Relatively high concentrations were recorded in the area near to the mine, with a significant increasing trend observed in indoor thoron concentration. A prominent hotspot in thoron concentration was found in a single-story house with values 747 ± 150 Bq/m3. The equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration (EECTn) varies from 0.48 Bq/m3 to 2.36 Bq/m3 with an arithmetic mean of 1.37 ± 0.64 Bq/m3, and comparatively higher than EECRn. Concluding that the mining activity at Bayan Obo mine is significantly increasing the level of indoor thoron and its progeny in surroundings. It is suggested to further systematically investigate the indoor Rn and Tn progeny concentrations in the residential dwellings of the Bayan Obo mining area, and 232Th content of the building materials, to provide a basis for calculating the radiation dose.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF BLASTING WORKS IN THE QUARRY OF BUILDING MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Sergiy KOZLOV ◽  
Oleg TERENTIEV ◽  
Mykola SERGIENKO
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
High Water ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Water Saturated

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of increasing the efficiency of blasting operations in open pits in conditions of high water saturation of minerals. The idea of solving this problem is to use the effect of draining the local area of the water-saturated block of the mineral due to the ordinal explosion of the well charge.   The purpose of this study was to improve the efficiency of blasting operations on flooded fractured rocks in open pit mining. Research methodology. The proposed technique makes it possible to determine the parameters of drainage of the watered mass during the explosion of borehole charges and the parameters of an ordinal explosion. This makes it possible to improve the quality of rock crushing and reduce the consumption of explosives per unit cost. The main direction of research in this work is to reduce the energy intensity of the process of destruction of a water-saturated mineral by using the internal potential of water in the cracks of the massif destroyed by the explosion. The regularities and the role of the drainage funnel in the efficiency of destruction have been established. The novelty and originality of the work is a developed technology for removing water from the explosion zone, which increases the efficiency of explosion and destruction of rocks using special water-resistant explosives. The practical value of the work lies in the effectiveness of the proposed method for carrying out blasting operations, which, along with improving the quality of crushing, provides an increase in the output of blasted rock mass from one running meter of the well and reduces the cost of expensive water-resistant explosives. Conclusions. The introduction of research results and recommendations in open pits made it possible to increase the efficiency of blasting operations in the development of water-saturated rocks. Energy consumption for the destruction of an array of water-saturated minerals is reduced by 10%. The amount of blasted rock mass per running meter of the well increased by 14.1%, and the specific consumption of explosives decreased by (12-14) %.         Keywords: quarry, minerals, well, filtration, water-saturated massif, crushing, explosive,  detonation.

scholarly journals On commercialization of waste rock dumpsand the role of drilling and blasting operations in this process

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
S.N. Zharikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One

On the territory of the Russian Federation, exactly as in the rest of the world, huge amounts of mining waste have been accumulated. Most of them in open-pit mining are dumps of rock mass that occupy huge territories and have a significant negative impact on the earth's ecology. Most of the dumps are non-toxic and can be used for economic purposes where sand and stone are needed-in construction. However, the volumes are too large and only a small part can be used for the production of building materials. Another thing is if you need a large amount of rock for the construction of a long roadbed. There are other requirements for raw materials and the possibility of releasing large areas occupied by dumps. This direction has significant potential, because on the one hand, cheap construction raw materials, and on the other – a reduction in fees for the use of land (especially relevant for large mining and processing plants). The development of dumps as man-made deposits has its own risks and associated problems. However, it leads to the development of new technological solutions, which in turn opens up certain prospects for subsoil users. Currently, this direction is in its infancy, but the scale of the problem of storing dumps is already obvious. Therefore, despite the doubts, recycling of dumps is inevitable. It is also clear that this processing should be in huge volumes. And such volumes of use in the Russian Federation can only be achieved when building roads.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of flow hydraulics as a result of the development of the NSM channel open pit (on the example of the Tom river)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (3) ◽  
pp. 032070
Author(s):  
T Pilipenko ◽  
T Mikhailova ◽  
D Panov
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Level Regime ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Flow Hydraulics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
D Model

Abstract Active development of channel pits has begun with the aim of extracting nonmetallic building materials for the construction of cities and towns. When developing open pits, violations and non-fulfillment of compensatory measures in the river bed are possible. As a result of nonfulfillment of these measures, changes in the level regime of the river occur. All these actions lead to disastrous consequences. Therefore, the article considers the section of the Tom River. In its channel it is planned to develop a quarry of nonmetallic building materials. For the section of the quarry, the landing of the water level was determined, through a change in the slope of the free surface and the total drop in the water level. the change in flow rates in the everyday state was analyzed, development of the open pit was taken into account. To visually display the depth of the open pit, a matrix of heights was formed at the site of the Popadeykin deposit of sand and gravel materials. Based on the elevation matrix, a 3-D model of the pit was built, both before and after dredging. According to the data obtained, a possible change in speeds after the development of a quarry was predicted in comparison with domestic ones. The intervals of the velocity of the eroding and non-eroding flow were calculated.

scholarly journals RAW MATERIALS BASE OF THE CRIMEAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AND WAYS OF ITS EXPANSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
S.I. Fedorkin ◽  
N.V. Lyubomirsky ◽  
E.A. Kogay ◽  
A.V. Dudinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Secondary Mineral ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Wall Materials

The article analyzes the raw material base of building materials of the Crimea and shows the ways of its expansion due to the production of wall materials based on secondary mineral raw materials and lime-fluff using the technology of forced carbonation of products.

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