scholarly journals ACOUSTIC PLANNING OF URBAN SPACE

Akustika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 316-324
Author(s):  
Mario Huaquín

Urban planning requires multiple instruments to organize a city. The growth process requires adapt to political, economic, technological changes, incorporating urban factors, architectural design concepts, and also acoustic, for public and private space more friendly with the environment. Noise as pollutant of public and private space, generated mainly by vehicular traffic, increases noise by the presence of buildings on both sides of streets, depending on its shape, materiality, height, and distance between facades. Direct sound when reflected in facades returns as a secondary source. These multiple reflections added to the direct sound, produce a "residual noise". Then time variable, when the passage of vehicles is continuous, an observer can define a linear source in constant generation. The persistence of the noise can reach 3 seconds. Original source, residual noise and the persistence of noise over time its the phenomenon called environmental noise, associated with the design and shape of cities.

First Monday ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Siuda

We are currently dealing with the emergence of cities as virtual communities. They should be considered in terms of a specific relation of the local urban space with the cyberspace and rejection of dichotomy of the territory versus deterritorialization. The article characterizes city as a virtual community from several perspectives: 1) Resurgence of locality and changes in the nature of interpersonal relationships; 2) Changes in the understanding of public and private space; 3) The impact of the city as a virtual community on social capital; 4) The possibilities of big data generated within the virtual community; 5) Possibilities of involving city dwellers in the process of local governance; and 6) encouraging them to social activity. The Internet brings a huge change in the perception and experience of the city and we must do everything to use this change for the benefit of urban residents.


Author(s):  
Georgi Derluguian

The author develops ideas about the origin of social inequality during the evolution of human societies and reflects on the possibilities of its overcoming. What makes human beings different from other primates is a high level of egalitarianism and altruism, which contributed to more successful adaptability of human collectives at early stages of the development of society. The transition to agriculture, coupled with substantially increasing population density, was marked by the emergence and institutionalisation of social inequality based on the inequality of tangible assets and symbolic wealth. Then, new institutions of warfare came into existence, and they were aimed at conquering and enslaving the neighbours engaged in productive labour. While exercising control over nature, people also established and strengthened their power over other people. Chiefdom as a new type of polity came into being. Elementary forms of power (political, economic and ideological) served as a basis for the formation of early states. The societies in those states were characterised by social inequality and cruelties, including slavery, mass violence and numerous victims. Nowadays, the old elementary forms of power that are inherent in personalistic chiefdom are still functioning along with modern institutions of public and private bureaucracy. This constitutes the key contradiction of our time, which is the juxtaposition of individual despotic power and public infrastructural one. However, society is evolving towards an ever more efficient combination of social initiatives with the sustainability and viability of large-scale organisations.


Author(s):  
Tal Ilan

The women of the New Testament were Jewish women, and for historians of the period their mention and status in the New Testament constitutes the missing link between the way women are portrayed in the Hebrew Bible and their changed status in rabbinic literature (Mishnah and Talmud). In this chapter, I examine how they fit into the Jewish concepts of womanhood. I examine various recognized categories that are relevant for gender research such as patriarchy, public and private space, law, politics, and religion. In each case I show how these affected Jewish women, and how the picture that emerges from the New Testament fits these categories.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Azham Md. Ali

This work investigates the role and contribution of external auditing as practised in Malaysian society during the forty year period from independence in 1957 to just before the onset of Asian Financial Crisis in 1997.  It applies the political economic theory introduced by Tinker (1980) and refined by Cooper & Sherer (1984), which emphasises the social relations aspects of professional activity rather than economic forces alone. In a case study format where qualitative data were gathered mainly from primary and secondary source materials, the study has found that the function of auditing in Malaysian society in most cases is devoid of any essence of mission; instead it is created, shaped and changed by the pressures which give rise to its development over time. The largely insignificant role that it serves is intertwined with the contexts in which it operates. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Profitiliotis

The emergence of private space activities is pushing the boundaries of the space industry with technological innovations that may soon enable the targeting of the novel market segments of space research and exploration, space resources utilization, and human access to space. Planetary protection is defined as a set of guidelines that aim to prevent the forward contamination of celestial bodies with biological material from Earth and the backward contamination of the terrestrial biosphere with extraterrestrial biological material. Significant questions are expected to be raised in the future with respect to potential forward and backward contamination issues of emerging private space activities. Unfortunately, the jurisdiction over and the enforcement of forward and backward contamination prevention measures to private space endeavors are currently facing policy and regulatory gaps and ambiguities. The key challenges with the current planetary protection policy landscape indicate that these contamination issues of private space activities can indeed have lasting negative impacts on social, economic, and environmental equity, sustainable development on Earth, and the sustainable exploration and development of other celestial bodies. Drawing on its multidisciplinary expertise, the UN system is favorably positioned to play a key role in stimulating a novel planetary protection framework for emerging private space activities. Firstly, it can provide an international forum for the harmonization and agreement on such a framework. Secondly, it can create a financing mechanism to fund international research and development consortia of public and private organizations under a pre-competitive collaboration scheme for planetary protection technologies. Thirdly, it can establish a process of civic engagement to promote the meaningful participation of the civil society in the formulation of this framework. A prudent consideration of this matter may not only counteract the inequitable distribution of any unintended negative consequences, but may also facilitate economic development in a respectful, sustainable, and responsible manner.


Author(s):  
Міхно Н. К.

The main attention in this article is focused on the definition of the characteristic features of the processes of carnivalization of urban space in the conditions of modern Ukrainian society. The changes that occur in the space of everyday life against the background of General trends in social life – globalization, virtualization, changes in the specifics of communications, the spread of emotional capitalism. The main functional imperatives of carnival as a form of collective action are fixed. It is determined that in the conditions of carnivalization of urban life there is an actualization of national identity against the background of a number of events of socio-political, economic, national and cultural life of Ukrainian society. The data of sociological studies that record the growth of patriotism, civic responsibility and the level of national identity in recent years. Invited to pay attention to the instruments of incorporation of the symbols of the national community in the process of the ritual of the festive action.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 980-1005
Author(s):  
Tiago Santos

Considerando a dinâmica e a estrutura urbana de Belém no início do século XXI como expressão da acumulação das intervenções urbanas e das práticas de planejamento e gestão do espaço da cidade, analisa-se a genealogia do planejamento urbano para compreender a produção de um espaço que tem como característica a negação da natureza e a produção da desigualdade entre classes sociais. Nesse aspecto, identificou-se três períodos específicos que produziram impactos significativos na produção do espaço urbano de Belém: o terceiro quarto do século XVIII (1755 – 1777) com as reformas promovidas no período Pombalino na Amazônia, momento de expressão de uma modernidade urbana e arquitetônica; o final do século XIX e a primeira década do século XX (1890 – 1910), momento de ascensão da economia regional a partir da intensificação de atividades extrativas que produziram reformas urbanísticas com tons higienistas e; por fim, o período entre 1940 e 1970, que marcou uma série de propostas de planejamento com viés técnico-burocrático na produção do espaço. Do ponto de vista da metodologia adotada, estabeleceu-se como percurso de pesquisa: i) levantamento bibliográfico de caráter teórico e empírico da temática; ii) levantamento documental acerca das práticas de planejamento e intervenção dos períodos destacados com base em legislação, planos e projetos de cada um dos períodos; iii) coleta de iconografia representativa da época as quais as políticas foram executadas. Apresenta-se como resultados a hipótese de que a narrativa de uma pretensa ausência de planejamento como fator explicativo dos problemas da cidade é um discurso que não tem base na realidade, posto que historicamente é exatamente o oposto que a pesquisa indica, as modalidades de planejamento efetivadas em Belém acentuam problemas como a segregação socioespacial.Palavras-Chave: História, Planejamento Urbano, Modernidade, Belém.AbstractConsidering the dynamics and urban structure of Belém at the beginning of the 21st Century as an expression of the accumulation of urban interventions and planning and management practices of the city, the historical genealogy of urban planning is analyzed as a way of understanding production of a space that has as characteristic the negation of the nature and the production of the inequality between social classes. In this aspect, three specific periods were identified that produced significant impacts on the production of the urban space of Belém: the third quarter of the seventeenth century (1755 - 1777) with the reforms promoted in the Pombaline period in the Amazon, a time of expression of an urban and architectural design; the end of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century (1890 - 1910), a time of great rise of the regional economy from the intensification of extractive activities that produced urban reforms with hygienic tones; and finally, the period between 1940 and 1970, which marked a series of planning proposals with a bureaucratic technical aproach in the production of space in Belém. This work established as following research methodology: i) survey bibliographical of theoretical and empirical character of the analyzed subject; ii) documentary survey of the planning and intervention practices of the highlighted periods based on municipal, state and federal legislation, as well as the master plans and development plans of the periods; iii) collection of iconography representative of the time to which the policies were executed in the urban space. The hypothesis is that the narrative of a supposed absence of planning as a factor of the city's problems is a discourse that has no basis in reality, since historically it is exactly the opposite that the research indicates, that is, the modalities in Belém accentuate problems such as socio-spatial segregation.Keywords: History, Urban Planning, Modernity, Belém.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Χαρίκλεια Μαρίνη

This thesis contributes to discourses concerned with urban space and performancepractice. It identifies ways in which built environments become performative; how thebuilt environment performs meaning(s) within the urban context and how spatialpractices of contemporary performance engage with city-spaces. The programmingand order of urban space tends to fix meanings; increasingly regulated and singlepurposecity-spaces seem unable to react to informal or unplanned activities. However,this thesis suggests that urban space entails inherent opportunities for conceiving andpractising space otherwise and looks at a spatial spectrum – from leftover spaces toLondon’s landmarks. It analyses incomplete presences in the built environment andtheir unexpected (re)uses, which make urban space an arena of ideas, interaction andcreativity. It examines how spatial practices of performance, such as site-specificperformance, audio-walks and installations, inform our (re)thinking of space, itsmeaning and its re-appropriation. It argues that through performative concepts andactions, space manifests a changeable and dynamic quality, rather than motionlessness and inertia.The thesis involves an interdisciplinary approach employing geography, urban,architectural and performance studies. It looks at four types of built spaces that havebeen used for performance purposes; a disused warehouse at 21 Wapping Lane, theconverted power station housing the Tate Modern art gallery, the exterior of theNational Theatre’s building and the London district of Wapping. All of these sites areawaiting, or are undergoing, major alterations in their design or planning, involvingreconstruction and expansion, or total demolition. The uncertain future of these sitesand buildings, the inevitable decay of their material, and the temporality of the builtenvironment invite questions of architectural design and urban planning in terms ofperformance. The examination of these sites at this moment of change and thepotential impact of the redevelopment plans on city life make this research timely,since the thesis emphasises the imperative of re-defining concepts of space, planningstrategies, and design processes so as to imagine a less determinate, more creative urban space.


EGALITA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukmayati Rahmah

Women are the beings who guarded her nakedness than most men. Sowomen have a more privacy rooms than others. By keeping the hijab asmuch as possible, the activities of the household can work well withoutfear of nakedness is maintained. It is very clear that in islamic law, theorders keep the hijab has been described in the Holy of Quran and Sunnah.So the role of architectural space is very important in presenting a spacethat could keep the nakedness of women in the home. As we know thatspace as a place of human activities, one of which is accommodating theactivity of female residents in homes with a due regard to any restriction orhijab women in islam. This paper uses the theory as a method of approachand observe the formation of the muslim family residential. So the studycan show the attention to architectural form hijab women in spatialarrangement. Spatial planning with respect to public and private space, the circulation of the house and used a room divider has major role in maintaining and cover the nakedness of the inhabitants, especially womenin home. Separation of public and private space as one of the applicationsthat are close the genitals. So the concept of study of this theory can bereference in designing the lay out in residences are islamic.


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