scholarly journals UTILISATION OF BIO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF JUTE IN CONVERSION OF NON-ARABLE LATERITIC WASTELANDS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMYA SENGUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
Poor Soil ◽  
Jute Geotextile

Jute can be effectively used for conversion and reclamation of lateritic wastelands of our country to make them arable. It is a widely grown natural biodegradable, eco-friendly and cost-effective fibre. Jute contains useful chemical substances like lignin, hemi-cellulose, alpha-cellulose and other cellulose derivatives, which make significant contribution to pest-resistant and water retention properties of soil. They help to regulate the Carbon and Nitrogen cycle in the soil and also attract bacterial agglomeration. We, on behalf of a voluntary organisation, carried out an experimental work at a lateritic wasteland at Garhbeta of Paschim Medinipur District of West Bengal to check soil erosion and improve fertility of land using jute geotextile. The soil has very low carbon and nitrogen content and is acidic in nature having no or very poor vegetation growth. After the experiment the land erosion has been completely restricted and due to bio-degradation of jute, the nitrogen and carbon content of the soil have increased considerably. The denuded wasteland has now become fertile and arable. The soil is gradually attaining the character of a ‘medium soil’ from a ‘very poor’ soil. The method is easily adoptable, cost-effective and eco-friendly as it uses only jute as the component for conversion of the land. This paper has tried to correlate the unique bio-chemical properties of jute with the agricultural and geological findings of the field-trial.

PROPRIETES CHIMIQUES ET PHYSIQUES DE LA MATIERE ORGANIQUE NONDIALYSABLE EXTRAITE DE QUATRE PODZOLS DU QUEBEC

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIO GONZALEZ ◽  
GÉRARD HUBERT
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Great Similarity ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Humic Fractions ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

The physical and chemical properties of non-dialysable (>48 A) humic and fulvic fractions of four podzols from the Province of Quebec were studied. Extraction was made with 0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate. Analysis of the fractions showed that, in spite of a prolonged dialysis, considerable quantities of metallic ions remained bound to compounds of high molecular weights. The humic fraction showed, in general, a carbon and nitrogen content sensibly more even than the fulvic fraction. In the spodic horizon, humic fractions have a very similar carbon content. It is also in this horizon that are found the highest percentages of iron and aluminium. The distribution of the principal nitrogen compounds in each fraction was studied after acid hydrolysis. A great similarity in the distribution of the nitrogen was found, independently of its origin (horizon or profile). It has not been possible to find a relation between profiles, from the study of acid groups (carboxilic or phenolic). Absorption spectra with ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiations were studied. The characterization of a profile from optical properties of high molecular weight fractions was particularly difficult, considering the great similarity between observed spectra. Differences in iron bound to the fulvic fraction were observed by means of electrophoresis. The behaviour of the humic and fulvic fractions towards H+ and Ca2+ ions was also studied.

Comparison of Mocvd Precursors for Hf1-xSixO2 Gate Dielectric Deposition

2002 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C. Hendrix ◽  
A.S. Borovik ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
C. Xu ◽  
J.F. Roeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Gate Dielectric ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Interfacial Layers ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Mocvd Precursors ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

AbstractThis study investigates and compares the deposition of Hf1-xSixO2 films from two suites of metalorganic CVD precursors. The first precursor suite has oxygen coordinated to the Si or Hf center and includes β-diketonate, alcoxide and acetoxy ligands. The second precursor suite has alkylamido ligands, which have nitrogen coordinated to the Hf or Si center. The process space for deposition of silicates was evaluated for controlling the composition of the silicate films while optimizing deposition rates for a manufacturable single-wafer process. The composition of the film, x, is controlled over the entire range by changing the composition of the precursor solution, Si:Si+Hf. The composition of the films, including hafnium, silicon, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen content were measured by XPS. Both suites of precursors provide routes by which composition can be controlled in fully oxidized films with low carbon and nitrogen content. Film deposition rates are consistent with manufacturing requirements. The interfacial layers that were observed by HRTEM between the film and the substrate were thin (< 10Å) and possibly graded in composition.

scholarly journals Potentiality Assessment of Fish Scale Biodegradation Using Mangrove Fungi Isolated from Indian Sundarban

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Vaswati Nandy ◽  
Madhurima Bakshi ◽  
Somdeep Ghosh ◽  
Harish Sharma ◽  
Barnali Ray Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Mangrove Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cotton Blue ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

The mangrove fungi, morphologically and physiologically adapted in a different habitat, were isolated from mangrove habitat of Jharkhali, Sundarban, India. The physico-chemical properties like temperature, pH, soil colour, moisture content, carbon and nitrogen content of soil determines the load of microbial population. The soil sample was serially diluted and plated on potato dextrose agar plate with ampicillin to obtain fungal isolates. Total of six isolates were characterized microscopically by lacto phenol cotton blue staining. Two of them were identified as Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. and are subjected to biodegradation of fish scale, the major waste of fish processing industries. Aspergillus niger was found to be the best for degradation of fish scale powder by producing zone of clearance. Moreover, media without fish scale didn’t show any zone of clearance indicates the mangrove fungi are capable of degrading the fish scale component

Decolorisation of natural organic matter by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: the effect of environmental conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rojek ◽  
F.A. Roddick ◽  
A. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Humic Material ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

Phanerochaete chrysosporium was shown to rapidly decolorise a solution of natural organic matter (NOM). The effect of various parameters such as carbon and nitrogen content, pH, ionic strength, NOM concentration and addition of Mn2+ on the colour removal process was investigated. The rapid decolorisation was related to fungal growth and biosorption rather than biodegradation as neither carbon nor nitrogen limitation, nor Mn2+ addition, triggered the decolorisation process. Low pH (pH 3) and increased ionic strength (up to 50 g L‒1 added NaCl) led to greater specific removal (NOM/unit biomass), probably due to increased electrostatic bonding between the humic material and the biomass. Adsorption of NOM with viable and inactivated (autoclaved or by sodium azide) fungal pellets occurred within 24 hours and the colour removal depended on the viability, method of inactivation and pH. Colour removal by viable pellets was higher under the same conditions, and this, combined with desorption data, confirmed that fungal metabolic activity was important in the decolorisation process. Overall, removals of up to 40–50% NOM from solution were obtained. Of this, removal by adsorption was estimated as 60–70%, half of which was physicochemical, the other half metabolically-dependent biosorption and bioaccumulation. The remainder was considered to be removed by biodegradation, although some of this may be ascribed to bioaccumulation and metabolically-dependent biosorption.

scholarly journals Bi2O3 nano-flakes as a cost-effective antibacterial agent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D Geoffrion ◽  
David Medina Cruz ◽  
Matthew Kusper ◽  
Sakr Elsaidi ◽  
Fumiya Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bismuth Compound ◽  
Photo Catalysis ◽  
Physico Chemical

Bismuth oxide is an important bismuth compound having applications in electronics, photo-catalysis and medicine. At the nanoscale, bismuth oxide experiences a variety of new physico-chemical properties because of its increased...

scholarly journals Energy Retrofitting Opportunities Using Renewable Materials—Comparative Analysis of the Current Frameworks in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Darija Gajić ◽  
Slobodan Peulić ◽  
Tim Mavrič ◽  
Anna Sandak ◽  
Črtomir Tavzes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Eu Member States

Sustainable approaches for retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency are becoming necessary in a time when the building sector is the largest energy consumer. Retrofitting building stock is effective for reducing global energy consumption and decreasing resource exploitation. Less developed EU member states and neighboring developing countries show reluctance towards healthy and renewable materials. Implementation of sustainable materials for energy retrofitting is slowed down due to gaps in legislation and effective strategic programs, availability of bio-based materials, lack of knowledge regarding use and maintenance of renewable products, and marketing lobbies. Use of bio-based materials in refurbishment is important due to their negative or low global warming potential (GWP), low primary energy (PEI) need for production, cost-effective benefits, and recycling/reuse potential. Role of environmentally friendly solutions and low-carbon economy growth is particularly relevant in developing countries, such as Bosnia-Herzegovina, that cannot afford innovative energy recovery systems, yet possess a significant amount of poorly managed building stock. This research aims to analyze frameworks regarding retrofitting of residential buildings in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovenia. The analysis tackles indirect causes, studies the legal background, and examines strategic frameworks; thus, it indicates potential barriers for implementation of recommended retrofitting solutions based on renewable materials.

scholarly journals Role of carbon and nitrogen in the improvement of corrosion resistance of new powder metallurgy Co-Cr-Mo alloys

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garcia-Cabezon ◽  
Celia Garcia-Hernandez ◽  
Maria L. Rodriguez-Mendez ◽  
Gemma Herranz ◽  
Fernando Martin-Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content ◽  
Astm F75

AbstractMicrostructural changes that result in relevant improvements in mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior can be induced using different sintering conditions of ASTM F75 cobalt alloys during their processing using powder metallurgy technique. It has been observed that the increase in carbon and nitrogen content improves corrosion resistance and mechanical properties as long as the precipitation of carbides and nitrides is avoided, thanks to the use of rapid cooling in water after the sintering stage. In addition, the reduction of the particle size of the powder improves hardness and resistance to corrosion in both acid medium with chlorides and phosphate-buffered medium that simulates the physiological conditions for its use as a biomaterial. These results lead to increased knowledge of the role of carbon and nitrogen content in the behavior displayed by the different alloys studied.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Helyati Abu Hassan Shaari ◽  
Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli ◽  
Mohd Nazim Mohtar ◽  
Norizah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Azizan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Polymerization Condition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a lightweight insulating polymer that possesses good mechanical stability. On the other hand, polyaniline (PANi) is one of the most favorable conducting materials to be used, as it is easily synthesized, cost-effective, and has good conductivity. However, most organic solvents have restricted potential applications due to poor mechanical properties and dispersibility. Compared to PANi, PMMA has more outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as good dimensional stability and better molecular interactions between the monomers. To date, many research studies have focused on incorporating PANi into PMMA. In this review, the properties and suitability of PANi as a conducting material are briefly reviewed. The major parts of this paper reviewed different approaches to incorporating PANi into PMMA, as well as evaluating the modifications to improve its conductivity. Finally, the polymerization condition to prepare PMMA/PANi copolymer to improve its conductivity is also discussed.

Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans and comparison of their effects with antifungal drugs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Hosseini Bafghi ◽  
Razieh Nazari ◽  
Majid Darroudi ◽  
Mohsen Zargar ◽  
Hossein Zarrinfar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Biosynthesis of nanoparticles can stand as a replacement for the available chemical and physical methods by offering new procedures as green syntheses that have proved to be simple, biocompatible, safe, and cost-effective. Considering how nanoparticles with a size of 1 to 100 nanometers contain unique physical and chemical properties, recent reports are indicative of observing the antifungal qualities of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). Recently, the observance of antifungal resistance towards different species of these fungi is often reported. Therefore, due to the antifungal effects of biological nanoparticles, this study aimed to investigate the exertion of these nanoparticles and evaluate their effects on the growth of fungal pathogens. Se-NPs were biosynthesized by the application of wet reduction method, which included specific concentrations of Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. The presence of nanoparticles was confirmed by methods such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR analysis, and FESEM electron microscope that involved FESEM and EDAX diagram. The fungal strains were cultured in sabouraud dextrose agar medium to perform the sensitivity test based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method in duplicate. The utilization of Se-NPs at concentrations of 1 µg/ ml and below resulted in zero growth of fungal agents. However, their growth was inhibited by antifungal drugs at concentrations of 2 µg/ ml and higher. Based on the obtained results, biological nanoparticles produced by fungal agents at different concentrations exhibited favorable inhibitory effects on the growth of fungal strains.

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