scholarly journals Democratic transition in Guatemala: Toward a consolidated democracy or a failed state?

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Karol Derwich
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Failed State ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Since the late 1970s almost all Latin American and Caribbean countries have been experimenting with democracy. Some of them have succeeded in transitioning to a more democratic political regime, like Uruguay and Chile, while others are still trying to consolidate their democratic systems, such as Brazil and Mexico whereas others are encountering serious difficulties, like Bolivia and Ecuador. There are also states that have failed totally to build democratic systems, function confidently and accomplish basic assignments. In the most extreme cases, the failure of the democratization process has led to the total dysfunctioning of a state or even its collapse. The most significant example of this kind in the Western Hemisphere is Haiti. However, there are many more countries in the Latin American and Caribbean region that have serious problems with the proper adoption of democratic systems. This article is an attempt to analyze the problems with building a stable democratic system in Guatemala.

scholarly journals The nexus between energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanization in Latin American and Caribbean countries: An approach with PVAR model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Koengkan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Data Vector ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

The nexus between energy consumption, economic growth and urbanization was analyzed for a panel of twenty-one Latin American and Caribbean countries over a period from 1980-2014. The Panel Data Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) was used in order to analyze the relationship among all variables. The results indicated that there is a unidirectional relationship between urbanization and energy consumption, and a bidirectional nexus among economic growth and energy consumption in Latin America and Caribbean region.

The Escazú Agreement and the Regional Approach to Rio Principle 10: Process, Innovation, and Shortcomings

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-545
Author(s):  
Stephen Stec ◽  
Jerzy Jendrośka
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Abstract The adoption in 2018 of the Escazú Agreement by the countries of the Latin American and Caribbean region marks the second regional legal instrument aimed at the implementation of Principle 10 of the 1992 Rio Declaration, joining the Aarhus Convention of the pan-European region. The international community has settled upon the regional level as the appropriate means for implementing standards related to access to information, public participation, and access to justice in environmental matters. The appropriateness of the regional level is demonstrated by the differences and innovations found in the Escazú Agreement, in its scope and definitions, background principles, burden of proof and protections of environmental defenders and vulnerable populations. Yet, the regional approach also entails risks, as demonstrated by the limitation of the scope of rights for nationals of the country where specific activities are planned or occurring.

ODECA: Common Market Experiment in an Under-Developed Area

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275
Author(s):  
Frank Leuer Keller
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
British Colonialism ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Title Iii

The integration process can be intensified and accelerated not only by specialization resulting from broadening of markets through liberalization of trade but also through use of such instruments as agreements for complementary production within economic sectors … Title III, Declaration of Punta del Este, Montevideo, 1961.The European pattern of economic integration has found expression in the Western Hemisphere in three politically divergent, widelyseparated regional groupings. One such group is the now-defunct West Indies Federation, a rearrangement of the remaining bits and pieces of British colonialism in the Caribbean region. Another is the Latin American Free Trade Association, straddling gaps from Mexico to Argentina, which appears to be a superficial bid for economic affinity among the more developed Latin American nations. But the most vigorous approach to regional economic integration is being pursued by the Organization for the Economic Development of Central America, which boldly proposes to weld at least five individually inefficient, insufferably nationalistic entities into one productive effort capable of initiating and sustaining economic take-off. Thus, in Central America, regional integration is being enforced even before national identity has fully emerged.

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