scholarly journals НАСЛЕДОВАНИЕ И ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ВЫСОТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ У ЯЧМЕНЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.O. Dolzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Dominant Genes

Изучено наследование высоты растений у ячменя в системе диаллельных скрещиваний (66) в условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья в контрастные по гидротермическому режиму годы. Анализ комбинационной способности по B.Griffing и генетический анализ по B.Hayman показали преобладание аддитивных эффектов в контроле признака (наследование по типу полного и неполного доминирования). Признак должен быть отзывчив на отбор, что подтверждают и коэффициенты наследуемости: в широком смысле (H2) 0,85-0,90 в узком смысле (h2) 0,52-0,62. Высоту растений увеличивали доминантные гены. Наличие комплементарного эпистаза увеличивает вероятность получения отрицательных трансгрессий, повышая успех селекции на снижение высоты растений. Ни один из сортов диаллельного комплекса не обладал всеми рецессивными аллелями, уменьшающими признак. Сорта Анна и Омский голозёрный 1, обладающие доминантными аллелями, будут увеличивать высоту растений в потомстве. Данные сорта следует использовать в комбинациях с более низкорослыми родителями. Сорта Condor и Margret имеют более высокое число рецессивных аллелей и могут рассматриваться как доноры снижения высоты. Выделены перспективные для селекции гибридные популяции.The inheritance of the height of barley plants was studied in the system of diallel crossing (66) in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga in contrasting hydrothermal conditions. An analysis of combinational ability according to B.Griffing and genetic analysis according to B.Hayman showed the predominance of additive effects in the control of the trait (inheritance by type of complete and incomplete dominance). The trait should be responsive to selection, which is confirmed by the heritability coefficients: in the broad sense (H2), 0.85-0.90 in the narrow sense (h2) - 0.52-0.62. Dominant genes increased the height of plants. The presence of complementary epistasis increases the likelihood of negative transgressions, increasing the success of breeding to reduce plant height. None of the varieties of the diallel complex possessed all recessive alleles that reduced the trait. Varieties Anna and Omsky Golozyorny 1, with dominant alleles, will increase the height of plants in the offspring. These varieties should be used in combination with shorter parents. Varieties Condor and Margret have a higher number of recessive alleles and can be considered as donors of height reduction. Promising for selection hybrid populations have been identified.

scholarly journals Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00189
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

VARIABILITY OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT PLANT HEIGHT IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Taranova ◽  
Е. А. Demina ◽  
А. I. Kincharov ◽  
O. S. Mullayanova ◽  
K. Yu. Chekmasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga

The results of the study of 250 collection samples of spring soft wheat of various ecological and geographical groups are presented in order to identify the source material that combines optimal plant height and high productivity for the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in the Samara region. The study and evaluation of samples was carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing and the methodological recommendations of the VIR. The average height of plants in the samples over the years of research varied within 68.5-109.2 cm, the coefficient of variation of the trait was 11.86-13.72 %. The presence of a positive average and weak correlation between the yield and plant height, regardless of the moisture conditions of the year (r = 0.15-0.47), was revealed. A strong positive relationship was observed between the height of the samples and the following weather factors: precipitation in June (r = 0.94), precipitation during the growing season (r = 0.87), hydrothermal coefficient of June (r = 0.93), hydrothermal coefficient for the growing season (r = 0.83). The highest grain yield was formed by samples from the group of undersized and medium-grown, on average 416 and 428 g/m2, respectively. A number of highly productive varieties were identified: 3 medium-grown samples (105 cm) with a yield of 419.7-435.7 g/m2 and 21 undersized samples (85-102 cm) with an average grain yield of 485.0-585.7 g/m2. Dwarf specimens sample a stable manifestation of short-stemmed growth over the years and high resistance to lodging were noted. According to the research results, it was found that the optimal height of plants for the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region is in the range of 85-105 cm. The selected undersized and medium-grown samples with high grain yield and dwarf samples with high resistance to lodging are recommended for use in breeding programs of the region and places with similar conditions.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE FEATURES OF OILSEED FLAX IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
L.А. Kosykh ◽  
◽  
А. V. Kazarina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

The research was carried out in the fields of Povolzhsky research Institute of selection and seed farming named after P. N. Konstantinov in the laboratory of introduction, selection of feed and oilplants in 2016-2019. The soil of the experimental field is typical low-humic medium-sized light clay chernozem. The object of research was a variety of oilseed flax Kinelsky 2000, approved for use in the Middle Volga region. Agro-climatic conditions in the years of research during the growing season differed both in the amount of rainfalls from 74.3 mm in 2019 to 187.0 mm in 2017, and in the temperature conditions from 1776.50 C in 2017 to 2074.00 C in 2018, which allowed to determine objectively the productivity of oilseed flax. The article shows the results of studying the influence of meteorological conditions on the length of vegetation season, yield, oil content in seeds, oil collection per hectare, plant height, the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds in a capsule and the weight of 1000 seeds. The correlation of the sum of active temperatures, rainfalls and hydrothermal factor (HTF) for the vegetation period with the main economically valuable characteristics of oilseed flax is established. Analyzing the data obtained, it can be concluded that the yield of oilseeds, plant height, number of seeds in the capsule and oil collection per hectare were significantly affected by the amount of rainfalls during the vegetation period and the HTF. The sum of active temperatures affected the length of the vegetation period and the number of capsules on the plant.

Genetic analysis of plant height and diameter at ground level of silver birch (Betula platyphylla) seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Gao Fu-Ling ◽  
Li Shao-Chen ◽  
Jiang Ting-Bo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Diallel Design

AbstractSix silver birch (Betula platyphylla) parents of diverse provenances were crossed according to Griffing 4 diallel design, and the plant height and diameter at ground level (DGL) of their F1 progeny were observed. The analysis of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) showed that two phenotypes were simultaneously controlled by additive and non-additive effects. The GCA between two phenotypes in a parent, and GCA of the same phenotype among different parents displayed significant differences: Q2 from Qingyuan was the best of the parents, followed by M2 from Maoer-mountain. On the other hand, the SCA of two phenotypes in a cross and the SCA of a phenotype among different crosses also varied considerably: the cross between E8 from Finland and Q1 from Qingyuan showed the highest SCA of plant height and DGL. The heritability of plant height and diameter at ground level was strong (over 60%), suggesting that these phenotypes can be used for early selection.

scholarly journals Plant height of soft winter wheat varieties and its connection with winter hardiness in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Grigoryevich Zakharov ◽  
Rezida Akhmetovna Mustafina
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Norm Of Reaction ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

Research has been carried out to study the height of plants of prospective soft winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. It was found out that the height of the plants of the studied winter soft wheat varieties is characterized by a wide norm of reaction to changes in growing conditions. A positive correlation and regression dependence of winter hardiness on plant height was revealed. The contribution of plant height to winter hardiness of soft winter wheat is 56.7%. Individual dwarf and semi-dwarf prospective varieties of soft winter wheat with increased and high winter hardiness in specific environmental conditions were identified.

scholarly journals Inheritance of quantitative traits of the rice hybrid F2-F3 Svetly × Mavr

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Aksenov ◽  
E. S. Balyukova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Black Color ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Selection Of

Rice can form not only white, but also red, brown and black kernels. In black rice, pericarp kernels contain anthocyanin, which has an antioxidant effect and is beneficial to human health. The current paper is devoted to the development of new rice lines with black pericarp based on the hybrid Svetly × Mavr. The purpose of the work is to develop new forms of rice with anthocyanin pericarp by a hybridization of varieties with white and black kernels, a genetic analysis of a number of quantitative traits and by a selection of the best variants with compact vertical black-kernel panicles to use them in future breeding work. There has been conducted a genetic analysis of varying quantitative traits affecting the rice productivity. The cleavage by a pericarp color was carried out according to the type of recessive epistasis in a ratio of 9 : 3 : 4. The black color of the pericarp was formed in the presence of two dominant genes Pb and Pp in the genotype, the brown color was due to the Pb gene, the white color was due to the rest combinations of genes. The traits “plant height” and “number of spikelets per panicle” of the hybrids F2 and F3 were inherited by the type of superdomination of large values of the trait controlled by two loci, the interaction of which resulted in transgressive forms. According to the traits “panicle length” and “1000 kernel weight”, there has been identified intermediate monogenic inheritance and two-peaked characteristic frequency distribution curves. There have been identified rice forms with black pericarp color, combining the optimal values of the traits “plant height”, increased “panicle length”, “number of spikelets per panicle” and “1000 kernel weight”. On its basis there has been also developed an initial material for practical breeding. The study was carried out in 2018–2020 on the fields of the EP “Proletarskoye” of the Rostov region.

scholarly journals INHERITANCE AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF GRAIN WEIGHT PER SPIKE IN BARLEY

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Dmitri Dolzhenko ◽  
Sergei Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Positive Effects

The aim of the study was to investigate the systems of genetic control of the trait “grain weight per main spike” in spring barley in the system of diallel crosses to optimize the breeding process for yield. Six varieties of barley were used as parental forms: Condor and Omskiy naked 1 (hulless), Margret, Lun, Nutans 553, and Anna (hulled). Crosses according to the full diallelic scheme were performed in 2008 and 2009. Field experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe of Penza region in 2009 and 2010 with contrasting hydrothermal regimes. In most hybrid populations, the grain weight per spike was inherited according to the type of overdominance and complete dominance of the parent with a high value of the trait. The analysis of the combining ability by B.Griffing showed that both additive and non-additive effects were present in the control of the trait; their balance varied by years and genotypes. The correlation coefficients between the general combining ability (GCA) and the degree of the trait in parental varieties (r=0.76...0.96) indicate that the selection of pairs for crosses can be carried out on the basis of high values of grain weight per spike, especially in a dry year. Genetic analysis by B.Hayman showed the prevalence of the effects of overdominance in the control of the trait; in 2009, complementary epistasis was also registered. Overdominance and non-additive effects in the control of a trait complicates selection in early generations, which is confirmed by the differences between the values of heritability coefficients in the broad sense (H2=0.79...0.94) and in the narrow sense (h2=0.24...0.59). The largest number of dominant genes controlling the grain weight per spike was found in Margret in both years of research and Anna in the dry year. These varieties are also distinguished for the consistently positive effects of GCA and are recommended as donors of the trait for breeding

Combining Ability of Plant Height and Yield components in Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL.Czern & Coss.) under Salt affected Soil using Line×Tester Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH CHAND GAUTAM ◽  
MP Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Line × tester analysis of twenty lines and three testers of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cultivars were used to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) effects, high parent heterosis and narrow-sense heritability estimate for plant height, yield components and seed yield. Significant variance of line x tester for the traits like pods per plant and seed yield indicating non additive genetic effects have important role for controlling these traits. Significant mean squares of parents v/s crosses which are indicating significant average heterosis were also significant for all the traits except seeds per pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod exhibited the prime importance of additive genetic effects for these traits except seeds per pod. Most of the crosses with negative SCA effect for plant height had at least one parent with significant negative or negative GCA effect for this trait. For most of the traits except pods per plant, the efficiency of high parent heterosis effect was more than SCA effect for determining superior cross combinations.

EPTC Plus R-25788 Injury to Corn (Zea Mays) as Affected by Plant Age at Treatment

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Burt ◽  
C. A. Buzio
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Respective Control ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

The susceptibility of corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3334A’) at different stages of growth to EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) plus a herbicide-protectant, R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide), was studied in the greenhouse. Corn was treated with either 25 ppm or 12.5 ppm EPTC containing R-25788 at planting and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks thereafter. The herbicide was soil-applied and immediately incorporated by watering. Phytotoxicity and plant height were observed periodically for 56 days after herbicide treatment. Within 21 days after treatment with 25 ppm EPTC containing R-25788, injury and plant height reduction occurred in corn treated at planting, or at 2 and 4 weeks but not at 6 or 8 weeks after planting. At 56 days, however, corn treated at planting or 2 weeks after planting had outgrown all injury symptoms and was as tall as the controls (>84%). Corn treated at 4 weeks after planting, however, still remained injured and was 45% as tall as its respective control. Corn treated at 6 to 8 weeks showed no injury during the entire period of observations. The data indicates that corn is most susceptible to EPTC plus R-25788 at 4 weeks after planting. The results of this greenhouse study are discussed in relation to corn injury as observed in the field.

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