scholarly journals INHERITANCE AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF GRAIN WEIGHT PER SPIKE IN BARLEY

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Dmitri Dolzhenko ◽  
Sergei Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Positive Effects

The aim of the study was to investigate the systems of genetic control of the trait “grain weight per main spike” in spring barley in the system of diallel crosses to optimize the breeding process for yield. Six varieties of barley were used as parental forms: Condor and Omskiy naked 1 (hulless), Margret, Lun, Nutans 553, and Anna (hulled). Crosses according to the full diallelic scheme were performed in 2008 and 2009. Field experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe of Penza region in 2009 and 2010 with contrasting hydrothermal regimes. In most hybrid populations, the grain weight per spike was inherited according to the type of overdominance and complete dominance of the parent with a high value of the trait. The analysis of the combining ability by B.Griffing showed that both additive and non-additive effects were present in the control of the trait; their balance varied by years and genotypes. The correlation coefficients between the general combining ability (GCA) and the degree of the trait in parental varieties (r=0.76...0.96) indicate that the selection of pairs for crosses can be carried out on the basis of high values of grain weight per spike, especially in a dry year. Genetic analysis by B.Hayman showed the prevalence of the effects of overdominance in the control of the trait; in 2009, complementary epistasis was also registered. Overdominance and non-additive effects in the control of a trait complicates selection in early generations, which is confirmed by the differences between the values of heritability coefficients in the broad sense (H2=0.79...0.94) and in the narrow sense (h2=0.24...0.59). The largest number of dominant genes controlling the grain weight per spike was found in Margret in both years of research and Anna in the dry year. These varieties are also distinguished for the consistently positive effects of GCA and are recommended as donors of the trait for breeding

scholarly journals Genetic variability of rye-xenic-hybrid traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lechosław Grochowski ◽  
Jan Kaczmarek ◽  
Władysław Kadłubiec ◽  
Henryk Bujak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Standard Cultivar

In field experiments performed in two localities (Smolice, Wrocław) 18 xenic hybrids of winter rye, two testers and standard cultivar Dańkowskie Złote, were analysed. The objects of detailed evaluations were 11 traits. For six of them arithmetic means (x), standard deviations (S), coefficients of variation (cv), coefficients of genetic diversity (h<sup>2</sup>), correlation coefficients were calculated. Moreover, analyses of variance were carried out and the effects of general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability were estimated. The existence of quantitative xenia in hybrids was confirmed. It was shown that xenic hybrids, in respect to most of the analysed traits, were insignificantly inferior to the testers and the standard cultivar. However, the decrease of plant height has shown to be significant and a tendency to higher yield was observed.

scholarly journals Breeding and genetic peculiarities of spring barley 1000 kernel weight under conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
V. M. Hudzenko ◽  
T. P. Polishchuk ◽  
A. A. Lysenko ◽  
L. V. Khudolii ◽  
A. I. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Final Selection

Purpose. To reveal the breeding and genetic peculiarities for spring barley 1000 kernel weight and to identify genetic sources for breeding under conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine. Spring barley F1 of two comp­lete (6 ´ 6) diallel crossing schemes was investigated. The first scheme included modern both domestic and foreign spring barley malting varieties (‘MIP Tytul’, ‘Avhur’, ‘Datcha’, ‘Quench’, ‘Gladys’, ‘Beatrix’), the second – classic covered awned (‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Sebastian’), awnless (‘Kozyr’, ‘Vitrazh’) and naked (‘Condor’, ‘CDC Rattan’) varieties. Results. Various types of inheritance of 1000 kernel weight were revealed, with the exception of negative dominance. The proportion of combinations with corresponding values ​​of the degree of phenotypic dominance varied depending on the genotypes involved in the crossing and the years of testing. In both crossing schemes, both in 2019 and in 2020, positive overdominance was found in most combinations. The grea­test number of combinations with the manifestation of hete­rosis under different growing conditions was noted when varieties ‘Gladys’ and ‘MIP Myroslav’ were used in crossing. According to the parameters of genetic variation, it was revealed that the trait was determined mainly by the additive-dominant system. The dominance was aimed at increasing the 1000 kernel weight. Only in the second crossing scheme in 2019 the value of the directional dominance indicator was unreliable. In the loci, incomplete dominance in 2019 and over-dominance in 2020 were revealed. Reliably high effects of the general combining ability in both years were noted for varieties ‘Datcha’, ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’, ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrazh’. Conclusions. The revealed breeding and genetic peculiarities indicate that for the overwhelming majority of created hybrid combinations will be required the final selection in later generations, when the dominant alleles are homozygous. Spring barley awned varieties ‘Gladys’, ‘MIP Myroslav’ and ‘Datcha’, as well as awnless varieties ‘Kozyr’ and ‘Vitrage’ can be used as effective genetic sources for increa­sing the 1000 kernel weight

Duration of the “sprouting – earing” period and yield capacity of spring barley cultivars in the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Muzafarova ◽  
V.K. Riabchun ◽  
I.A. Petukhova ◽  
O.I. Padalka
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
Period Duration ◽  
Medium Correlation ◽  
New Cultivars

Goal. To determine the influence of weather conditions on the “sprouting-earing” period duration in spring barley accessions and its relationship to yield capacity and to identify valuable genotypes by a set of economic features in the eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine.Results and discussion. 298 barley accessions from 20 countries were studied. The correlation coefficients between the “sprouting-earing” period duration and yield for each year showed a positive medium correlation in 2016 (r = 0.54); positive below medium correlations in 2011 (r = 0.15), 2012 (r = 0.21), 2014 (r = 0.14), 2015 (r = 0.21), and 2017 r. (r = 0.24); and negative weak correlations in 2010 (r = -0.07) and 2013 (r = -0.24). Accessions with a set of valuable economic features with various “sprouting-earing” period durations (from 36 to 49 days) were singled out. These are Ukrainian accessions Skhidnyi, Baskak, Hermes, Svarozhich, Podyv, Khors, Balzam, Avhur, MIP Myrnyi, MIP Sotnik, Talisman Myronivskyi; Russian accessions Abalak, Karat, Yaromir, Kredo; Belarusian accession Fest; Germany; German accessions Grace, Henrike, KWS Aliciana, KWS Bambina; Netherlandish accession Gladys; Kazakhstani accessions Azik, Ilek-16.Conclusions. Thus, an insignificant positive relationship between the “sprouting-earing” period duration and yield in 2010-2017 was revealed. Spring barley accessions, which are valuable starting material for creating new cultivars with a set of important economic features, were identified. They can increase the breeding efficiency and accelerate the breeding process.

scholarly journals CEREAL MIXTURES – AN EFFECTIVE WEED MANAGEMENT TOOL

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Kaczmarek ◽  
Kinga Matysiak ◽  
Kazimierz Adamczewski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spring Cereals

Abstract Field experiments carried out in the 2005-2007 time period were aimed at assessing the use of competitive potential against weeds of spring cereals cultivated in mixtures, for the purpose of reducing the herbicide application selected for the research. In the experiments, a mixture of the active substances, florasulam + 2,4 D (Mustang 306 SE), was applied at a recommended dose (0.5 l/ha) and then at a reduced dose (0.3 l/ha). The research objects were the spring wheat cultivar Bryza, spring barley cultivar Antek, and oat cultivar Cwał. The cereals were grown in two-species mixtures, and in pure sowing. The effect of a decreased herbicide dose was compared to the effect of the recommended dose, and the control. The research included two-time analysis of crop weed infestation (weed species composition, number, and fresh weight of weeds), determination of the number of productive culms, number of grains per ear (panicle), the thousand grain weight, and grain yield of spring cereals. The obtained results confirmed that spring cereals cultivated in mixtures had a higher competitive potential against weeds in comparison with individual species which were pure sowed. The use of the reduced herbicide dose proved to be effective in weed control and ensured a significant increase in grain yields of spring cereals. The applied herbicide doses did not affect grain number per ear and the thousand grain weight.

scholarly journals Formation of indices of the individual productivity of spring barley varieties depending on seeding rate in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
V. H. Moldovan ◽  
Zh. А. Moldovan ◽  
S. I. Sobtchuk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
The Individual

Influence of the seeding rate on the formation of the number of ears and grains per ear, weight of 1,000 grains and grains per ear. According to the results of the structural analysis of spring barley plants, the indices of individual productivity are the indicator that changes and depends on the factor studied. In particular, significant fluctuations in the indicators of the weight of 1,000 grains and grains per ear were noted under an increase or decrease in the seeding rate in all the spring barley varieties studied. It is estimated that the largest weight of 1,000 grains was in Svaroh variety – 49.7—51.8, while in Armax, Barvystyi and Tiver varieties, it was 48.5—48.9 g, 46.4—48.9 g, 46.0–47.5, respectively. Grain weight per year was 0.90—0.95 g in Armax variety, 0.91—0.98 g in Barvystyi variety, 0.96—1.03 g in Svaroh variety, and 1.01—1.04 in Tiver variety. The factor studied was less influential on the formation of the number of ears and grains per ear.

Genetic analysis of plant height and diameter at ground level of silver birch (Betula platyphylla) seedlings

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Gao Fu-Ling ◽  
Li Shao-Chen ◽  
Jiang Ting-Bo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Diallel Design

AbstractSix silver birch (Betula platyphylla) parents of diverse provenances were crossed according to Griffing 4 diallel design, and the plant height and diameter at ground level (DGL) of their F1 progeny were observed. The analysis of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) showed that two phenotypes were simultaneously controlled by additive and non-additive effects. The GCA between two phenotypes in a parent, and GCA of the same phenotype among different parents displayed significant differences: Q2 from Qingyuan was the best of the parents, followed by M2 from Maoer-mountain. On the other hand, the SCA of two phenotypes in a cross and the SCA of a phenotype among different crosses also varied considerably: the cross between E8 from Finland and Q1 from Qingyuan showed the highest SCA of plant height and DGL. The heritability of plant height and diameter at ground level was strong (over 60%), suggesting that these phenotypes can be used for early selection.

scholarly journals SEARCH FOR THE SELECTION CRITERIA IN THE PROCESS OF SPRING BARLEY BREEDING IN DIFFERENT YEARS OF MOISTURE AVAILABILITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Д.О. Долженко ◽  
С.Н. Шевченко
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Yield Structure

На гибридах ярового ячменя поколений F1 и F2 изучены варьирование элементов структуры урожая и корреляционные взаимосвязи между ними. Цель исследования – поиск эффективных критериев отбора в селекции ярового ячменя на продуктивность колоса и растения. Полевые эксперименты проведены на чернозёмах лесостепи Среднего Поволжья в контрастные по гидротермическому режиму годы. Низким коэффициентом вариации (до 10 %) стабильно характеризовались высота растений, Кхоз главного колоса и Кхоз главного побега, средним (10-20%) – продуктивная кустистость, масса зерна главного колоса, Кхоз растения. Изменчивость остальных изученных элементов структуры урожая варьировала от низкой до средней. В год с достаточным увлажнением проявились три относительно обособленные корреляционные плеяды: продуктивность главного колоса, продуктивность растения, Кхоз, а также почти независимый от них признак «масса 1000 зёрен». В засушливый год произошло переопределение корреляционных связей между элементами, возникло сопряжение между признаками различных плеяд, увеличился вклад в продуктивность показателей массы 1000 зёрен и Кхоз. Сделан вывод о влиянии различных критериях отбора на продуктивность ячменя в благоприятных и засушливых условиях. В благоприятных условиях следует вести селекцию на длину главного колоса и число зёрен в нём. В засушливый год приобретают особенное значение масса 1000 зёрен и показатели Кхоз, которые являются самостоятельной целью селекции в любых условиях. При отборе селекционных линий и подборе родительских форм для скрещиваний необходимо опираться на данные, полученные в контрастные по погодным условиям годы. Variations in the elements of the yield structure and correlation relationships between them were studied using hybrids of spring barley of generations F1 and F2. The goal of the study is to search for effective selection criteria for productivity of a head and a plant in the process of spring barley breeding. Field experiments were carried out on chernozems of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region in years contrasting in the hydrothermal regime. The height of plants, Khoz of the main head and Khoz of the main shoot were consistently characterized by a low coefficient of variation (up to 10%), productive tillering, grain weight of the main head, Khoz of a plant by average (10-20%). The variability of the other studied elements of the yield structure varied from low to average. In the year with sufficient moisture, three relatively separate correlational constellations appeared: productivity of the main head, productivity of the plant, Khoz, as well as almost independent trait of “weight of 1000 grains”. In the dry year, there was a redefinition of the correlations between the elements, a conjugation between the characteristics of different constellations, and an increase of contribution to the productivity of indices of weight of 1000 grains and Khoz. The conclusion is made about the influence of various selection criteria on the productivity of barley under favorable and arid conditions. Under favorable conditions, it is necessary to select by the length of the main head and the number of grains in it. In a dry year, the weight of 1000 grains and indicators of Khoz acquire special importance, which are an independent goal of breeding under any conditions. When selecting breeding lines and selecting parental forms for crosses, it is necessary to rely on data obtained in years with contrasting weather conditions.

scholarly journals НАСЛЕДОВАНИЕ И ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ ВЫСОТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ У ЯЧМЕНЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.O. Dolzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Dominant Genes

Изучено наследование высоты растений у ячменя в системе диаллельных скрещиваний (66) в условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья в контрастные по гидротермическому режиму годы. Анализ комбинационной способности по B.Griffing и генетический анализ по B.Hayman показали преобладание аддитивных эффектов в контроле признака (наследование по типу полного и неполного доминирования). Признак должен быть отзывчив на отбор, что подтверждают и коэффициенты наследуемости: в широком смысле (H2) 0,85-0,90 в узком смысле (h2) 0,52-0,62. Высоту растений увеличивали доминантные гены. Наличие комплементарного эпистаза увеличивает вероятность получения отрицательных трансгрессий, повышая успех селекции на снижение высоты растений. Ни один из сортов диаллельного комплекса не обладал всеми рецессивными аллелями, уменьшающими признак. Сорта Анна и Омский голозёрный 1, обладающие доминантными аллелями, будут увеличивать высоту растений в потомстве. Данные сорта следует использовать в комбинациях с более низкорослыми родителями. Сорта Condor и Margret имеют более высокое число рецессивных аллелей и могут рассматриваться как доноры снижения высоты. Выделены перспективные для селекции гибридные популяции.The inheritance of the height of barley plants was studied in the system of diallel crossing (66) in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga in contrasting hydrothermal conditions. An analysis of combinational ability according to B.Griffing and genetic analysis according to B.Hayman showed the predominance of additive effects in the control of the trait (inheritance by type of complete and incomplete dominance). The trait should be responsive to selection, which is confirmed by the heritability coefficients: in the broad sense (H2), 0.85-0.90 in the narrow sense (h2) - 0.52-0.62. Dominant genes increased the height of plants. The presence of complementary epistasis increases the likelihood of negative transgressions, increasing the success of breeding to reduce plant height. None of the varieties of the diallel complex possessed all recessive alleles that reduced the trait. Varieties Anna and Omsky Golozyorny 1, with dominant alleles, will increase the height of plants in the offspring. These varieties should be used in combination with shorter parents. Varieties Condor and Margret have a higher number of recessive alleles and can be considered as donors of height reduction. Promising for selection hybrid populations have been identified.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novokhatskyi ◽  
◽  
V. Targonya ◽  
T. Babinets ◽  
O. Gorodetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

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