scholarly journals John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath As a Naturalistic Novel

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Assist. Instr. Ansam Muthanna
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Farm Family ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Government

      John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath(1939) exposes the desperate conditions that surrounded the migratory farm families in America during the year of the Great Depression from the Naturalistic point of view. It combines his adoration of the land and his simple hatred of the corruption resulting from Materialism and his faith in common to overcome his hostile environment. It attempts to present the problem of the workers of the lower classes, and exposes the unusual family, conditions under which the Joads, the migratory farm family, was forced to live during these years. The progress the government intended to spread on the Oklahoma fields and ranches sheltered families a part and reduced the migrants to beggars suffering from deprivation and hunger. His California novels attack the counterfeited image of paradise that people held when they set their migration to California.

El cooperativismo y la industria chiclera en la época posrevolucionaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-65
Author(s):  
Ei Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Cooperative System ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

A finales de la década de 1920 el gobierno del territorio federal de Quintana Roo intentó introducir el sistema de cooperativas en la industria del chicle, que estaba controlada por las compañías estadounidenses productoras del chewing gum y los contratistas, intermediarios entre las compañías y los trabajadores chicleros. Pero el proyecto fracasó debido a una variedad de factores como la influencia de la Gran Depresión, el boicot por parte de las compañías estadounidenses, la competencia del chicle con otras materias primas, la corrupción e ineficiencia en el gobierno o la distancia entre los gobiernos central y local. In the late 1920s the government of the Federal Territory of Quintana Roo introduced the cooperative system in the chicle industry, which was controlled by U.S. chewing-gum companies and its contratistas, intermediaries between the companies and the chicle producers. However, the project ended in failure, because of various factors, including the impact of the Great Depression, U.S. companies’ boycott, the competition between chicle and other raw materials for chewing-gum, the corruption and inefficiencies in the government, or the discord between the local and federal governments.

Breaking Mr. Nelson in the Great Depression (1931–1932)

Tautai ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

After the Black Saturday massacre and the limited repercussions for the New Zealand government as a result, the government stepped up its assault on Ta’isi who was outside the reach of new draconian laws in Sāmoa that criminalized almost every aspect of life and cultural practice. Rather than pursue Ta’isi, they pursued his firm that was put on trial for aiding and abetting a seditious organization. The chapter investigates the course of events around this trial and the impact it had on Ta’isi and his company that was already suffering enormously due to the Great Depression. It also explores attempts to prevent Ta’isi’s return to Sāmoa, the threat of a repetition of the Black Saturday massacre if he did return and the drastic impact this situation had on his family.

THE SEAMY SIDE OF AMERICAN CAPITALISM IN JOHN STEINBECK'S THE GRAPES OF WRATH

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Fuad Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Library Research ◽  
American Capitalism ◽  
Consumptive Behavior ◽  
Materialistic Values ◽  
The Impact

This article is an attempt to study Steinbeck’s vision of the American system of capitalism during 1930’s as causing the greatest economic crisis in American history. The study particularly observes the growth of materialistic values in this era. The main discussion concerns the dramatic journey of Joad’s family toward California as reflected in The Grapes of Wrath.With an interdisciplinary approach, the study examines the novel to comprehend the author’s view about his social phenomena. This is a kind of qualitative research in which the researcher applied library research on The Grapes of Wrath. The data gathered from bibliographical sources was analyzed and written descriptively to describe the seamy side of capitalism in America.The result of this research shows that material success is not the human’s only orientation in his life. The great depression and tragic life of Oklahoma tenant farmers were viewed by the author as due to the impact of uncontrolled American Capitalism in 1930’s. The seamy sides of American Capitalism such as greed, selfishness, corruption, and consumptive behavior, etc. have been described by the author as source of the extensive destruction among American people.Keywords: capitalism, the great depression, materialism, dehumanization.

The Emotional Life of the Great Depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
American Woman ◽  
American People ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Social Security Act ◽  
Structures Of Feeling ◽  
Stock Market Investment

The Emotional Life of the Great Depression documents how Americans responded emotionally to the crisis of the Great Depression. Unlike most books about the 1930s, which focus almost exclusively on the despair of the American people during the decade, The Emotional Life of the Great Depression explores the 1930s through other, equally essential emotions: righteousness, panic, fear, awe, love, and hope. In expanding the canon of Great Depression emotions, the book draws on an eclectic archive of sources, including the ravings of a would-be presidential assassin, stock market investment handbooks, a Cleveland serial murder case, Jesse Owens’s record-setting long jump at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, King Edward VIII’s abdication from his throne to marry a twice-divorced American woman, and the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous. In concert with these, it offers new readings of the imaginative literature of the period, from obscure Christian apocalyptic novels and H.P. Lovecraft short stories to classics such as John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath and Richard Wright’s Native Son. The upshot is a new take on the Great Depression, one that emphasizes its major events (the stock market crash, unemployment, the passage of the Social Security Act) but also, and perhaps even more so, its sensibilities, its structures of feeling.

THE GESELL CONNECTION DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-379
Author(s):  
Rosario Patalano
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Social Reformer ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Main Work ◽  
History Of

In the current recession, the proposal of negative nominal interest has received widespread attention, not only in the academic world. The negative interest rate issue was originally developed by Silvio Gesell (1862–1930), a German merchant, self-taught economist, and social reformer. In his main work,The Natural Economic Order, Gesell offered a theoretical basis for the practical implementation of the negative interest rate. This proposal, generally known as the “stamped money plan,” was favorably commented upon by two outstanding twentieth-century economists, Irving Fisher and John Maynard Keynes, and put into practice during the Great Depression. In this paper I propose a reading of Gesell’s theory of money from the point of view of quantity theory, giving prominence to elements of affinity with Fisher’s monetary theory. This re-examination entails revision of the opinion on the analytical contribution made by Gesell, who was generally tagged as a typical monetary crank, and proves that his place in the history of economic thought is less marginal than previously thought, reinforcing critical appreciation of him.

scholarly journals The Impacts Of The Great Depression 1929-33 On Hungary’s Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Endre Domonkos
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Government ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Important Trade Partner

The Great Depression of 1929-33 had serious consequences on Hungary’s economy. The Central and Eastern European countries, including Hungary were hit severely by the downturn of the wholesale prices as regards of agricultural products in international markets. Besides declining prices another major problem was that the industrialised countries introduced protectionist measures (customs duties and quotas). As a result of this process, market opportunities were constrained and later ceased to exist. The situation was further aggravated by the fact that the unfavourable gap between agrarian and industrial prices further widened in the 1920s. Although the crisis started to emerge in the agriculture, its effects were extended to the industry as well. Due to the lack of safe markets, heavy industrial branches declined sharply, whereas the volume of output fell modest in the light industry. The bankruptcy of the Austrian Credit Anstalt on 12th Mai 1931 adversely affected Hungary’s financial system. In order to overcome the difficulties, banking holiday was ordered by the government, which coupled with the suspension of all payments and the introduction of foreign exchange control. Foreign trade has changed significantly. In 1937, the share of Hungary’s export in Germany’s trade was 42 percent, which increased to more than 50 percent after the Anschluss. Thus, at the end of the 1930s, the Third Reich became the most important trade partner of Hungary. Thanks to favourable external conditions accompanied by the rearmament programme of Nazi Germany and state intervention, the performance of the Hungarian economy improved, and by 1937 it surpassed the pre-depression level. The Győr Programme, announced on 12th March 1938 with its military and infrastructural development contributed to the economic boom, which had positive impacts both in the heavy and light industrial branches.

How Workers and the Government Have Dealt with Economic Crisis and Industrial Decline

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Industrial Decline ◽  
The Face ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Government

This chapter begins with a brief review of the evidence on the causes of the Great Depression and its impact on workers and their families. It examines some of the similarities and differences in the causes of the Great Recession and its impact on workers. It briefly summarizes some of the different policies that presidents Roosevelt and Obama enacted to shorten the crisis and ease the burden on workers. It argues that while presidents Roosevelt and Obama were both called “socialist” by critics, their similarities are limited, and both the short- and long-term impacts of the policies they enacted during these crises are quite different for workers. While the near-term impact of the Great Recession was dwarfed by the Great Depression, the Great Recession exacerbated long-term structural trends that may well leave workers facing far more uncertain futures. Workers' own relative passivity in the face of these dynamics contrasts sharply with their grandparents' generation during the Great Depression. Absent a revival of their activism, we may well see the continued erosion, or even the end, of the New Deal social contract.

The Grapes of Wrath as Fiction

PMLA ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lisca
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
High Class ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Dorothea Lange

When The Grapes of Wrath was published in April of 1939 there was little likelihood of its being accepted and evaluated as a piece of fiction. Because of its nominal subject, it was too readily confused with such high-class reporting as Ruth McKenny's Industrial Valley, the WPA collection of case histories called These Are Our Lives, and Dorothea Lange and Paul S. Taylor's An American Exodus. The merits of The Grapes of Wrath were debated as social documentation rather than fiction. In addition to incurring the disadvantages of its historical position, coming as a kind of climax to the literature of the Great Depression, Steinbeck's novel also suffered from the perennial vulnerability of all social fiction to an attack on its facts and intentions.

scholarly journals Industrial Composition, Methods of Compensation and Real Earnings in the Great Depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. R17-R29
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hart ◽  
J. Elizabeth Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Industrial Composition ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Composition Methods ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Government ◽  
Compare And Contrast

A major objective of the government during the Great Recession has been severely to restrict public sector real wage growth. One potential advantage of performance-related pay schemes is that they naturally offer greater wage responsiveness to fluctuations in the business cycle. Based on evidence from engineering and allied industries during the Great Depression we show that piecework wages exhibited more flexibility than their timework equivalents. We compare and contrast southern/midland engineering districts of Britain with northern districts. The former region was dominated by piece-rated workers and by modern sections of the industry, such as vehicle and aircraft manufacture. Time-rated work predominated in northern districts where older sections – for example, marine and textile engineering – were clustered‥

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