scholarly journals Community-Level Resource Development and Management, Part 2: A Transferable Approach to Feasibility Analysis for Biogas as an Alternative Cooking Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan McWalter Richardson ◽  
Kendra V. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Cooking Fuel ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Development And Management

Energy access for all is the seventh Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) put forth by the United Nations in 2015. This initiative has been taken on by many non-governmental organizations (NGOs), national governments and communities alike. Traditional approaches to cooking often rely on three-stone fires (or other open wood fires). The smoke from these open cooking fires is known to cause significant negative health impacts, thus access to cleaner energy sources is especially important for to improve cooking conditions. One alternative cooking fuel is biogas, which has the advantages of smoke reduction, and decreased reliance on and impact of firewood collection. In this article, we develop a method of analyzing the feasibility of biogas projects for rural communities. The method enables both evaluation of an ideal digester design for specific environments and determination of the scale, cost, and yields of a biogas plant. For example, in a cooking application 1-m3 of biogas can be compared to 1.3 kg of firewood or approximately 10 minutes not spent collecting firewood. Such evaluation is critical to help communities and organizations determine whether or not this type of project is ideal for their environments. All too often, development project concepts are funded prematurely, before the realization that the implemented technology does not function properly or is unsustainable for specific applications. The feasibility analysis we describe is a contribution to the literature because it provides a condensed, simplified resource that enables development practitioners and communities to readily evaluate whether or not a biogas energy solution is appropriate and sustainable for their setting prior to investing valuable resources and time into implementation. 

Governance challenges for commercial exploitation of a non-timber forest product by marginalized rural communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAINE A. BALL ◽  
PEDRO H.S. BRANCALION
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
Conservation Governance ◽  
Conservation And Development Projects

SUMMARYWhile conservation and development projects focusing on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) remain popular approaches to address complex issues of livelihood improvement and conservation, governance of NTFPs is still poorly understood. In the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot of Brazil, non-governmental organizations, researchers and community leaders are encouraging the commercialization of fruit pulp-based products from the endangered palm Euterpe edulis, known as juçara, to replace income from illegal heart of palm extraction. In order to assess the governance of development of juçara pulp as an NTFP and the potential to increase conservation of juçara through management on smallholder properties, we conducted qualitative research in São Paulo State from October 2012 to October 2013. Major challenges include policy barriers, difficulties integrating production and commercialization, problematic assumptions about poverty alleviation and the inability of the most disadvantaged members of communities to benefit. These governance challenges are a function of poor access, or the ‘bundle of powers’ that enables the ability to benefit. However, engagement with juçara fruit pulp production links farmers and former poachers with sustainable agricultural concepts and with networks, changing their perceptions of conservation and enhancing ability to benefit from improved policy.

Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies in Rural Communities

2013 ◽  
pp. 253-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Platonova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Local Actors

Worldwide, over 1.3 billion people lack access to energy. Lack of electricity undermines the provision of basic social services, including education and health, and impedes development of income generating opportunities. Renewable energy technologies provide a viable option to rural electrification and are increasingly recognized for their contribution to rural development, energy security, and climate change mitigation. International non-governmental organizations (NGOs), working in partnerships with local actors, play an important role in the diffusion of renewable energy technologies in developing countries. Based on the exploratory case study of the international NGO Practical Action, this chapter explores the nature and effectiveness of development partnerships for the provision of sustainable energy services in remote off-grid rural communities in Cajamarca, Peru. It emphasizes the importance of building effective partnerships with communities and local government; facilitating community participation and ownership; building capacities for sustainable provision of energy services; and providing affordable and appropriate technological solutions that meet people’s needs.

scholarly journals Professional ethics of recommendations: implications for COVID-19 vaccination of women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
F. A. Chervenak ◽  
L. B. McCullough ◽  
A. Grunebaum
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
National Governments

There has been changing guidance from national and international professional associations, national and international non-governmental organizations, and health officials in national governments for obstetrician-gynecologists about COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women and women who are planning to become pregnant. in this paper, we provide an ethical framework that provides the needed guidance to decision making about recommending COVID-19 vaccination to these patients. the unique feature of this ethical framework is that it is based on professional ethics in obstetrics and gynecology. We begin with an account of three key components of professional ethics in obstetrics and gynecology and how they are pertinent to the ethics of making recommendations that should be understood in obstetric and gynecologic practice generally. We then identify the implications of this overview for the specific topic of the ethics of recommending COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals After the Foxconn Suicides in China: A Roundtable on Labor, the State and Civil Society in Global Electronics

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052110134
Author(s):  
Jenny Chan ◽  
Greg Distelhorst ◽  
Dimitri Kessler ◽  
Joonkoo Lee ◽  
Olga Martin-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Relationship

We seek to tackle myriad problems of a global production system in which China is the world’s largest producer and exporter of consumer electronics products. Dying for an iPhone simultaneously addresses the challenges facing Chinese workers while locating them within the global economy through an assessment of the relationship between Foxconn (the largest electronics manufacturer) and Apple (one of the richest corporations). Eight researchers from Asia, Europe and North America discuss two main questions: How do tech behemoths and the Chinese state shape labor relations in transnational manufacturing? What roles can workers, public sector buyers, non-governmental organizations and consumers play in holding multinational corporations and states accountable for human rights violations and assuring the protection of worker interests? We also reflect on the possibility that national governments, the electronics industry and civil society groups can collaborate to contribute to improved labor rights in China and the world.

scholarly journals Considering Social Aspects of Geothermal Project: The Case of Social Mapping of Geothermal Project on Mount Ungaran

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 10009
Author(s):  
Budi Setiyono ◽  
Agus Setyawan ◽  
Jamari ◽  
Heru Susanto ◽  
Eko Punto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Mapping ◽  
Village Government

The development of renewable energy is an important step to reduce dependence on fossil energy. Geothermal energy is one source of renewable energy in Indonesia. However, when a geothermal project is not managed properly, the social political and cultural conditions of the community can be a failure factor in geothermal development. Through mix methods, this research undertakes social mapping in the project of Mount Ungaran as one of the geothermal development sites. Socially the people in the project area typically are rural communities where the role of informal leaders is very influential. There are a number of communities and non-governmental organizations that disagree with the development plan due to environmental, cultural and economic damage concerns. Yet, political support was obtained from the regional government and village government.

Media Lab Asia: Renovating Business Model for Underserved

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 453-474
Author(s):  
Subhash Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Business Model ◽  
External Support ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Healthcare Empowerment ◽  
Media Lab ◽  
The Impact

Media Lab Asia (MLA) has been incepted in 2001 with the collaboration of MIT Media Lab and Department of Electronics & Information Technology (DEITY), Government of India. It is working on the paradigm of collaborative research from the lab to land in developing and operationalizing technologies to bridge the gap through educating, equipping and empowering common man. MLA is working in four sectors: livelihood, healthcare, empowerment of the disabled and education. MLA is successful in collaborating with Research & Development (R&D) organizations, institutions in Government, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), academia and industry. A long list of collaborators of MLA includes 59 partner agencies. MLA role, however, had confined to provide funding to the partner agencies. The collaborative organization develops product, tests and launches the projects. The reach of the project touches major states in India. eGalla, Chic, mDhanwanthari, and Sehat-Saathi are some of the projects developed by MLA and collaborators. eGalla is a retail management software, and Chic is developed to simplify the traditional craft for livelihood generation. mDhanwanthari and Sehat-Saathi are based on healthcare to rural communities. MLA has developed 75 projects since its inception. The projects have reached the beneficiary but lack in scale and commercialization. The parameter of success for MLA includes the potential for commercialization of the products or projects and self-sustaining mechanism of the impact of these products and projects. There are not many obligations for commercial success being a Section 25 company; however, a self-sustaining mechanism was critical. DEITY, the parent organization, has sought external support to develop a new business model to overcome the limitation.

Multi-Party Collaboration

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Bouwen ◽  
Marc Craps ◽  
Enrique Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Action Strategies

Non-governmental organizations are gradually coming to play an increasing role in developmental projects and organizational psychology is being challenged to contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of inter-party collaboration. This article documents how the stakeholders in a social development project develop meaning through discursive practices, when they define the issues they work on from their own particular perspectives. Development work is pictured in the use of metaphors as being aid, trade, transfer, exchange, etc. through the use of specific forms of thought and language. Each metaphor leads into different meaning configurations and characterizes a specific quality of dialogue. Special attention is paid to the action strategies that allow the 'weaker' parties to remain included in the development project. Discursive practices, metaphors and qualities of dialogue are illustrated for two multi-party projects. These illustrate how a social constructionist reading can reveal and generate discourses that allow the inclusion of weaker parties, in the cases under study, as representatives of the local communities.

scholarly journals Update of the nutritional situation in the Benin Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. S116-S123
Author(s):  
Waliou Amoussa Hounkpatin ◽  
Carmelle Mizehoun-Adissoda ◽  
Jaurès Lokonon ◽  
Ulbad Polycarpe Tougan ◽  
Jean Luc Satchi Gbondje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Policies And Programs

Background: Nutrition is a major determinant of health and an essential factor in the development of countries. Faced with food insecurity and malnutrition, Benin has implemented policies and programs aiming to reduce the progression of this burden. Aims: To take inventory of nutritional status and interventions implemented to reduce the prevalence of different forms of malnutrition and food insecurity in Benin. Methods: A review of nutritional and food data available at the national level and consultation of intervention management reports was carried out from May to July 2020 and then, the data were compiled and structured. Results: Even though Benin has natural resources and remarkable biodiversity, the country faces a double nutritional burden marked by undernutrition: stunting (32%), anemia (71.5%), underweight (17%), wasting (5%) in children under 5 years, exclusive breastfeeding rate (42%) and over-nutrition: obesity (7.4%), diabetes (12.4%) in adults. Food insecurity remains persistent in 9.6% of households and undernourishment concerns 7.4%. The main interventions at the community level are made by the National Integrated School Feeding Program and the Coordinated Early Childhood Nutrition and Development Project. In addition, are the implementation of essential nutrition actions and nutrition-sensitive interventions involving different sectors such as, non-governmental organizations and technical and financial partners. Conclusion: Food and nutrition situation in Benin has been slightly improved thanks to the implementation of multisectoral coordination of interventions. Nonetheless, many challenges remain to be addressed, including the scaling up of successful interventions and advocacy for a substantial mobilization of resources in order to achieve global nutrition targets and sustainable development goals. Keywords: Nutritional status, Diet, Intervention, Benin.

scholarly journals DAKWAH PEMBANGUNAN SEBAGAI SEBUAH MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Muhammad Samson Fajar ◽  
Muhammad Nur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social System ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social

Development da'wah is a religious activity that encourages improvement and changes in the social system of the community so that the community is able to take the initiative and take initiative on the existing environmental potential, which in turn can improve the welfare of life. In achieving this welfare, da'wah can use two development models, namely, value oriented development and people centered development.Da'wah institutions apply the two models above by establishing partners with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government agencies as needed. Then, the development programs must be implemented in an integral manner, and must involve the participation of rural communities and jama'ah because the essence of this development da'wah is the community (jama'ah) as actors to empower themselves.

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