scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of clinical Streptococcus pyogenes isolates in Russia: the results of multicenter epidemiological study «PEHASus 2014–2017»

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
N.V. Ivanchik ◽  
M.V. Sukhorukova ◽  
А.N. Chagaryan ◽  
А.V. Dekhnich ◽  
R.S. Kozlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from different regions of Russia during 2014–2017. Materials and Methods. A total of 792 clinical S. pyogenes isolates from 14 Russian cities were included in the study. Susceptibility testing was performed using reference broth microdilution method (ISO 207761:2006). Susceptibility testing results were interpreted using EUCAST v.10.0 breakpoints. Results. Penicillin G was active against all tested isolates with the MIC50–90 values of 0.016 mg/l and the highest MIC value of 0.25 mg/l. No resistance to linezolid, tedizolid and vancomycin were observed. Respiratory fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, showed a high activity with the only 0.3% and 0.8% of resistant isolates, respectively. Almost all isolates (99.9%) were susceptible to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole. The resistance rates to 14- and 15-membered macrolides varied from 12.1% to 17.2%. The only 2.4% of isolates were resistant to clindamycin. Resistance to chloramphenicol was 6.1%, to tetracycline – 17.2%. Conclusions. The comparison of this study results with the previously published Russian data on antimicrobial resistance of S. pyogenes shows there were no significant changes in the susceptibility of this pathogen over the past two decades, with the exception of macrolides. The growing resistance to 14and 15-membered macrolides raises a question on the further use of this antibiotic class for the empiric treatment of streptococcal infections in Russia.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates in Russia: the results of multicenter epidemiological study «PEHASus 2014–2017»

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Nataly V. Ivanchik ◽  
Marina V. Sukhorukova ◽  
Aida N. Chagaryan ◽  
Andrey V. Dekhnich ◽  
Roman S. Kozlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
On Line ◽  
Resistant Strains

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical Haemophilus influenzae isolates from different regions of Russia during 2014–2017. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 185 clinical H. influenzae isolates from 13 Russian cities. Susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution method (ISO 207761:2006). Susceptibility testing results were interpreted using EUCAST v. 10.0 breakpoints. Results. H. influenzae isolates were highly susceptible to all (96.8%-100%) β-lactams tested (amoxicillin/ clavulanate, cefixime, ceftaroline, ceftibuten, cefditoren, ertapenem) with the exception of ampicillin (15.1% isolates were resistant). Fluoroquinolones, – ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin were active against 95.7%, 94.6% and 97.9% of isolates, respectively. Chloramphenicol was active against 97.9% of isolates, tetracycline – against 98.4% of isolates. Activity of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was low (69.2% of susceptible isolates). Conclusions. In general, we can state the favorable situation with the susceptibility of H. influenzae to antimicrobials in Russia. However, the increasing of resistance to aminopenicillins and emerging of quinolone-resistant strains could become a problem in the future. Study Results are deposited at on-line resource AMRmap (http://AMRmap.ru).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Canadian Hospitals: Results of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007)

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl a) ◽  
pp. 9A-19A ◽  
Author(s):  
George G Zhanel ◽  
James A Karlowsky ◽  
Mel DeCorby ◽  
Kim A Nichol ◽  
Aleksandra Wierzbowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Rates

BACKGROUND: Canadian hospitals as well as hospitals worldwide are increasingly faced with antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of pathogens, including the resistance genotypes of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coliin Canadian hospitals, as well as their antimicrobial resistance patterns. MEtHODS: Bacterial isolates were obtained between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2007, inclusive, from patients in 12 hospitals across Canada as part of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007). Isolates were obtained from bacteremic, urinary, respiratory and wound specimens and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Susceptibility testing was assessed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. RESULTS: In total, 7881 isolates were recovered from clinical specimens of patients attending Canadian hospitals. The 7881 isolates were collected from respiratory (n=2306; 29.3%), blood (n=3631; 46.1%), wounds/tissue (n=617; 7.8%) and urinary (n=1327; 16.8%) specimens. The 10 most common organisms isolated from 76.5% of all clinical specimens wereE coli(21.6%), methicillin-susceptibleS aureus(13.9%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(8.9%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(8.0%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(5.8%), MRSA (4.9%),Haemophilus influenzae(4.3%), coagulase-negative staphylococci/taphylococcus epidermidisS (4.0%),Enterococcus species(3.0%) andEnterobacter cloacae(2.1%). MRSA made up 26.0% (385 of 1480) of allS aureus(genotypically, 79.2% of MRSA were health care-associated MRSA and 19.5% were community-associated MRSA), and VRE made up 1.8% of all enterococci (62.5% of VRE had thevanA genotype). ESBLproducingE colioccurred in 3.4% ofE coliisolates. The CTX-M type was the predominant ESBL, with CTX-M-15 as the predominant genotype. With MRSA, no resistance was observed to daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and vancomycin, while resistance rates to other agents were: clarithromycin 91.4%, clindamycin 61.8%, fluoroquinolones 88.6% to 89.6%, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 12.2%. WithE coli, no resistance was observed to ertapenem, meropenem and tigecycline, while resistance rates to other agents were: amikacin 0.1%, cefazolin 14.2%, cefepime 2.0%, ceftriaxone 8.9%, gentamicin 10.6%, fluoroquinolones 23.6% to 24.5%, piperacillin-tazobactam 1.3% and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 26.6%. Resistance rates withP aeruginosawere: amikacin 7.6%, cefepime 11.7%, gentamicin 20.8%, fluoroquinolones 23.4% to 25.1%, meropenem 8.1% and piperacillin- tazobactam 7.3%. A MDR phenotype (resistance to three or more of cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, amikacin or gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin) occurred frequently inP aeruginosa(10.6%) but uncommonly inE coli(1.2%),K pneumoniae(1.5%),E cloacae(0%) orH influenzae(0%). CONCLUSIONS:E coli,S aureus(methicillin-susceptible and MRSA),S pneumoniae,P aeruginosa,K pneumoniae,H influenzaeandEnterococcusspecies are the most common isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Canadian hospitals. The prevalence of MRSA was 26.0% (of which genotypically, 19.5% was community-associated MRSA), while VRE and ESBL-producingE colioccurred in 1.8% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. A MDR phenotype is common withP aeruginosain Canadian hospitals.

scholarly journals Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes in the Pediatric Population in Germany during 2000-2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf René Reinert ◽  
Rudolf Lütticken ◽  
André Bryskier ◽  
Adnan Al-Lahham
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Erythromycin A ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT In a nationwide study in Germany covering 13 clinical microbiology laboratories, a total of 307 Streptococcus pyogenes (mainly pharyngitis) and 333 Streptococcus pneumoniae (respiratory tract infections) strains were collected from outpatients less than 16 years of age. The MICs of penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin A, clindamycin, levofloxacin, and telithromycin were determined by the microdilution method. In S. pyogenes isolates, resistance rates were as follows: penicillin, 0%; erythromycin A, 13.7%; and levofloxacin, 0%. Telithromycin showed good activity against S. pyogenes isolates (MIC90 = 0.25 μg/ml; MIC range, 0.016 to 16 μg/ml). Three strains were found to be telithromycin-resistant (MIC ≥ 4 μg/ml). Erythromycin-resistant strains were characterized for the underlying resistance genotype, with 40.5% having the efflux type mef(A), 38.1% having the erm(A), and 9.5% having the erm(B) genotypes. emm typing of macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes isolates showed emm types 4 (45.2%), 77 (26.2%), and 12 (11.9%) to be predominant. In S. pneumoniae, resistance rates were as follows: penicillin intermediate, 7.5%; penicillin resistant, 0%; erythromycin A, 17.4%; and levofloxacin, 0%. Telithromycin was highly active against pneumococcal isolates (MIC90 ≤ 0.016 μg/ml; range, 0.016 to 0.5 μg/ml). The overall resistance profile of streptococcal respiratory tract isolates is still favorable, but macrolide resistance is of growing concern in Germany.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs between 2010 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Hee Oh ◽  
Dong-Chan Moon ◽  
Young Ju Lee ◽  
Bang-Hun Hyun ◽  
Suk-Kyung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Selection Of

Pasteurella multocida is one of the significant causes of respiratory infection outbreaks in the Korean pig industry. Although antimicrobial treatment is an effective strategy for controlling respiratory diseases, limited information is available regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogens infecting Korean pigs. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance of P multocida against widely used antimicrobials in order to enable the selection of appropriate drugs and to evaluate any trends in resistance. A total of 454 isolates of P multocida were collected from all provinces in Korea between 2010 and 2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all isolates was determined using a broth microdilution method. The most frequently observed resistance was to sulphadimethoxine (76.0 per cent), followed by oxytetracycline (66.5 per cent), chlortetracycline (36.8 per cent) and florfenicol (18.5 per cent). Although no consistent increase or decrease in resistance was observed for most antimicrobials, resistance to fluoroquinolones tended to increase over the study period. A variety of resistance patterns were observed, most frequently for tetracyclines and sulphonamides. These findings could provide information enabling the selection of optimal antimicrobials for efficient treatment of pneumoniae pasteurellosis in pig farms, which would impede the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Bacteremia Due to Bacteroides fragilis Group: Distribution of Species, β-Lactamase Production, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Aldridge ◽  
Deborah Ashcraft ◽  
Megan O'Brien ◽  
Charles V. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽  
Group Distribution ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

ABSTRACT A retrospective analysis of susceptibility data on 542 blood isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group tested from 1987 to 1999 by the same NCCLS-recommended broth microdilution method throughout is presented. Metronidazole, β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, carbapenems, and trovafloxacin were the most active agents (susceptibility of ≥93%). Among the cephalosporin-cephamycins, the order of activity was cefoxitin > ceftizoxime > cefotetan = cefotaxime = cefmetazole > ceftriaxone. All isolates were resistant to penicillin G, and 22% were resistant to clindamycin. The susceptibility rates to piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, and meropenem were affected least among isolates resistant to cefoxitin or clindamycin. Except for piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, and meropenem, the B. fragilis species was more susceptible than were the non-B. fragilis species. These data underscore the importance of susceptibility testing of the B. fragilis group and can serve as a guide in the choice of empirical antimicrobial therapy.

Susceptibility of Filamentous Fungi to Voriconazole in Malaysia Tested by Sensititre YeastOne and CLSI Microdilution Methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ting Tan ◽  
Stephanie Jane Ginsapu ◽  
Fairuz binti Amran ◽  
Salina binti Mohamed Sukur ◽  
Surianti binti Shukor
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Syncephalastrum Racemosum ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract Background: Voriconazole is a trizaole antifungal to treat fungal infection. In this study, the susceptibility pattern of voriconazole against filamentous fungi was studied using Sensititre® YeastOne and Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38 broth microdilution method. Methods: The suspected cultures of Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. sydowii, A. calidoutus, A. creber, A. ochraceopetaliformis, A. tamarii, Fusarium solani, F. longipes, F. falciferus, F. keratoplasticum, Rhizopus oryzae, R. delemar, R. arrhizus, Mucor sp., Poitrasia circinans, Syncephalastrum racemosum and Sporothrix schenckii were received from hospitals. Their identification had been confirmed in our lab and susceptibility tests were performed using Sensititre® YeastOne and CLSI M38 broth microdilution method. The significant differences between two methods were calculated using Wilcoxon Sign Rank test.Results: Mean of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium were within 0.25 μg/mL-2.00 μg/mL by two methods except A. calidoutus, F. solani and F. keratoplasticum. Moreover, mean of MIC for S. schenkii were around 3.00 μg/mL by two methods. In contrast, mean of MIC for Rhizopus spp., Mucor sp., P. circinans and S. racemosum were ≥6.00 μg/mL by two methods. Generally, the MIC obtained by Sensititre YeastOne was one two-fold increase or decrease compared with the results obtained by CLSI method. The overall agreement between Sensititre YeastOne and CLSI methods to test susceptibility testing of voricaonazole was more than 70% except A. sydowii. The significant differences between two methods were significant when tested on A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. versicolor, A. sydowii, F. solani and S. schenkii. Conclusions: In conclusion, Sensititre YeastOne method appears to be an alternative procedure for antifungal susceptibility testing for some Malaysian moulds.

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Pathogenic Yeasts other than Candida albicans and Comparison with the NCCLS Broth Microdilution Test

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2752-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Ramani ◽  
Vishnu Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT Candida species other than Candida albicansfrequently cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Some of these pathogens have either variable susceptibility patterns or intrinsic resistance against common azoles. The availability of a rapid and reproducible susceptibility-testing method is likely to help in the selection of an appropriate regimen for therapy. A flow cytometry (FC) method was used in the present study for susceptibility testing ofCandida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii,Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae,Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, andCryptococcus neoformans based on accumulation of the DNA binding dye propidium iodide (PI). The results were compared with MIC results obtained for amphotericin B and fluconazole using the NCCLS broth microdilution method (M27-A). For FC, the yeast inoculum was prepared spectrophotometrically, the drugs were diluted in either RPMI 1640 or yeast nitrogen base containing 1% dextrose, and yeast samples and drug dilutions were incubated with amphotericin B and fluconazole, respectively, for 4 to 6 h. Sodium deoxycholate and PI were added at the end of incubation, and fluorescence was measured with a FACScan flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson). The lowest drug concentration that showed a 50% increase in mean channel fluorescence compared to that of the growth control was designated the MIC. All tests were repeated once. The MICs obtained by FC for all yeast isolates except C. lusitaniae were in very good agreement (within 1 dilution) of the results of the NCCLS broth microdilution method. Paired ttest values were not statistically significant (P = 0.377 for amphotericin B; P = 0.383 for fluconazole). Exceptionally, C. lusitaniae isolates showed higher MICs (2 dilutions or more) than in the corresponding NCCLS broth microdilution method for amphotericin B. Overall, FC antifungal susceptibility testing provided rapid, reproducible results that were statistically comparable to those obtained with the NCCLS method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Modified EUCAST Fragmented-Mycelium Inoculum Method forIn VitroSusceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes and the Activity of Novel Antifungal Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3675-3682 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Risslegger ◽  
C. Lass-Flörl ◽  
G. Blum ◽  
M. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Inoculum Preparation ◽  
Minimal Effective Concentration

ABSTRACTFor antifungal susceptibility testing of nonsporulating or poorly sporulating dermatophytes, a fragmented-mycelium inoculum preparation method was established and compared to broth microdilution testing according to CLSI and EUCAST guidelines. Moreover, thein vitroactivity of new antifungal agents against dermatophytes was evaluated. Agreement between the mycelial inoculum method and the CLSI broth microdilution method was high (93% to 100%). Echinocandins (minimal effective concentration [MEC], ≤0.5 mg/liter) and posaconazole (MIC, ≤3.00 mg/liter) showed good activity against all tested dermatophytes.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Grain-Fed Veal Meat from Southern Ontario, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1245-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA COOK ◽  
RICHARD J. REID-SMITH ◽  
REBECCA J. IRWIN ◽  
SCOTT A. McEWEN ◽  
VIRGINIA YOUNG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Testing Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns

This study estimated the prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli isolates in fresh retail grain-fed veal obtained in Ontario, Canada. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns were examined for points of public health significance. Veal samples (n = 528) were collected from February 2003 through May 2004. Twenty-one Salmonella isolates were recovered from 18 (4%) of 438 samples and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was found in 6 (29%) of 21 Salmonella isolates; 5 (24%) of 21 isolates were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. No resistance to antimicrobials of very high human health importance was observed. Ampicillin-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline resistance was found in 5 (3%) of 21 Salmonella isolates. Campylobacter isolates were recovered from 5 (1%) of 438 samples; 6 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was documented in 3 (50%) of 6 Campylobacter isolates. No Campylobacter isolates were resistant to five or more antimicrobials or category I antimicrobials. E. coli isolates were recovered from 387 (88%) of 438 samples; 1,258 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was found in 678 (54%) of 1,258 E. coli isolates; 128 (10%) of 1,258 were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. Five (0.4%) and 7 (0.6%) of 1,258 E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone, respectively, while 34 (3%) of 1,258 were resistant to nalidixic acid. Ciprofloxacin resistance was not detected. There were 101 different resistance patterns observed among E. coli isolates; resistance to tetracycline alone (12.7%, 161 of 1,258) was most frequently observed. This study provides baseline prevalence and antimicrobial resistance data and highlights potential public health concerns.

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