scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs between 2010 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Hee Oh ◽  
Dong-Chan Moon ◽  
Young Ju Lee ◽  
Bang-Hun Hyun ◽  
Suk-Kyung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Selection Of

Pasteurella multocida is one of the significant causes of respiratory infection outbreaks in the Korean pig industry. Although antimicrobial treatment is an effective strategy for controlling respiratory diseases, limited information is available regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogens infecting Korean pigs. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance of P multocida against widely used antimicrobials in order to enable the selection of appropriate drugs and to evaluate any trends in resistance. A total of 454 isolates of P multocida were collected from all provinces in Korea between 2010 and 2016. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all isolates was determined using a broth microdilution method. The most frequently observed resistance was to sulphadimethoxine (76.0 per cent), followed by oxytetracycline (66.5 per cent), chlortetracycline (36.8 per cent) and florfenicol (18.5 per cent). Although no consistent increase or decrease in resistance was observed for most antimicrobials, resistance to fluoroquinolones tended to increase over the study period. A variety of resistance patterns were observed, most frequently for tetracyclines and sulphonamides. These findings could provide information enabling the selection of optimal antimicrobials for efficient treatment of pneumoniae pasteurellosis in pig farms, which would impede the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from Broilers and Broiler House Environments in Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NORSTRÖM ◽  
G. JOHNSEN ◽  
M. HOFSHAGEN ◽  
H. THARALDSEN ◽  
H. KRUSE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Broiler House

Antimicrobial susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni collected from the environment outside four broiler houses (n = 63) and from the environment inside these broiler houses (including broiler droppings) (n = 36) from May to September 2004 was studied and compared with isolates from Norwegian broilers analyzed within the frame of the Norwegian monitoring program of antimicrobial resistance in feed, food, and animals (NORM-VET) in 2004 (n = 75). The MICs of oxytetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and nalidixic acid were obtained by the broth microdilution method VetMIC. The present study, which to our knowledge is the first Norwegian study on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from the environment of broiler houses, revealed a very low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni from the broilers and broiler house environments studied. All isolates originating from the four broiler houses studied were susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested, except for one isolate from the outdoor environment (courtyard soil), which was resistant to oxytetracycline (MIC, 8 mg/liter). For the isolates from broilers (NORM-VET), low prevalences of resistance to oxytetracycline (1.3%) and ampicillin (4%) were observed. No quinolone resistance was observed. The results for the broiler isolates are in agreement with the earlier findings of a very low prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter from broilers in Norway, which reflects the low usage of antimicrobials in Norwegian broiler production. Furthermore, the present data are in accordance with antimicrobial susceptibility data for C. jejuni from domestically acquired human cases.

scholarly journals Genetic Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Infantis Strains Isolated in Italy in the Food Chain of Broiler Meat Production

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Patrizia Casagrande Proietti ◽  
Valentina Stefanetti ◽  
Laura Musa ◽  
Alessia Zicavo ◽  
Anna Maria Dionisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Genetic Profiles

This work aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 87 Salmonella Infantis strains isolated in Italy from 2016 to 2019 along the food chain of broiler meat production and in humans and to determine the genetic profiles of the strains in order to establish a possible correlation with the antimicrobial pattern. All isolates were tested by the disk diffusion method to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility toward sixteen antimicrobials, and the broth microdilution method was used to confirm extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. PCR and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were applied to characterize ESBL-encoding and AmpC β-lactamase genes and to analyze the S. Infantis strains genetic profiles respectively. S. Infantis isolates showed high prevalence of resistance, in particular toward nalidixic acid (97.7%), tetracycline (96.5%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (91%) and cefepime (72.4%). The 80.5% of isolates were ESBL, cefotaxime-resistant, carrying the blaCTX-M1 gene. The most prevalent PFGE profile was XbaI.0126 (35.6%). The remaining strains had a genetic homology from 81% to 97% with the XbaI.0126 profile. The strains belonging to these profiles were isolated from different matrices collected along the broiler food chain independently on the year and from the region and there was no correlation between the PFGE profiles and resistance patterns. We found two ESBL-producing S. Infantis strains with the same XbaI.2621 profile isolated from humans and from poultry feces, not yet reported in Italy. Our findings confirmed the diffusion of ESBL-multi drug resistant (MDR) S. Infantis along the broiler food chain and in humans and underlined the importance of continuous monitoring to control and to reduce the prevalence of this bacterium, applying a global One Health approach.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates in Russia: the results of multicenter epidemiological study «PEHASus 2014–2017»

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-323
Author(s):  
Nataly V. Ivanchik ◽  
Marina V. Sukhorukova ◽  
Aida N. Chagaryan ◽  
Andrey V. Dekhnich ◽  
Roman S. Kozlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
On Line ◽  
Resistant Strains

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical Haemophilus influenzae isolates from different regions of Russia during 2014–2017. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 185 clinical H. influenzae isolates from 13 Russian cities. Susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution method (ISO 207761:2006). Susceptibility testing results were interpreted using EUCAST v. 10.0 breakpoints. Results. H. influenzae isolates were highly susceptible to all (96.8%-100%) β-lactams tested (amoxicillin/ clavulanate, cefixime, ceftaroline, ceftibuten, cefditoren, ertapenem) with the exception of ampicillin (15.1% isolates were resistant). Fluoroquinolones, – ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin were active against 95.7%, 94.6% and 97.9% of isolates, respectively. Chloramphenicol was active against 97.9% of isolates, tetracycline – against 98.4% of isolates. Activity of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was low (69.2% of susceptible isolates). Conclusions. In general, we can state the favorable situation with the susceptibility of H. influenzae to antimicrobials in Russia. However, the increasing of resistance to aminopenicillins and emerging of quinolone-resistant strains could become a problem in the future. Study Results are deposited at on-line resource AMRmap (http://AMRmap.ru).

Comparison of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Streptococcus pneumoniae from respiratory and blood cultures in Canadian hospitals from 2007–16

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv39-iv47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa R Golden ◽  
Melanie R Baxter ◽  
Ross J Davidson ◽  
Irene Martin ◽  
Walter Demczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Abstract Objectives To compare the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected from respiratory and blood culture samples in Canada between 2007 and 2016. Methods S. pneumoniae strains were obtained from Canadian hospitals as part of the ongoing national surveillance study, CANWARD. Isolates were serotyped using the Quellung method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the CLSI broth microdilution method. MDR and XDR were defined as resistance to three or more and five or more classes of antimicrobials, respectively. Results Of the 2581 S. pneumoniae isolates collected, 1685 (65.3%) and 896 (34.7%) were obtained from respiratory and blood samples, respectively. Respiratory isolates demonstrated lower rates of antimicrobial susceptibility than blood isolates to penicillin, ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (P ≤ 0.03). From 2007 to 2016, invasive isolates demonstrated trends towards increasing penicillin susceptibility and decreasing clarithromycin susceptibility. MDR was significantly higher in respiratory S. pneumoniae compared with blood (9.1% versus 4.5%, P < 0.0001). Serotypes 11A, 16F, 19F, 23A/B/F, 34, 35B and non-typeable strains were more commonly isolated from respiratory specimens, while 4, 5, 7F, 8, 12F, 14 and 19A were more commonly invasive serotypes. Numerous serotypes, including 3 and 22F, were isolated frequently from both specimen sources. Conclusions S. pneumoniae from respiratory samples demonstrated lower antimicrobial susceptibilities and higher MDR in a greater diversity of serotypes than isolates obtained from blood. Many serotypes were associated with one specific specimen source, while others were associated with both; genetic characterization is necessary to elucidate the specific factors influencing the ability of these serotypes to commonly cause both invasive and non-invasive disease.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Porcine Respiratory Bacteria in Spain

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vilaró ◽  
Elena Novell ◽  
Vicens Enrique-Tarancón ◽  
Jordi Balielles ◽  
Carles Vilalta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Tract Infections

The monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of pig pathogens is critical to optimize antimicrobial treatments and prevent development of resistance with a one-health approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of swine respiratory pathogens in Spain from 2017 to 2019. Bacterial isolation and identification were carried out following standardized methods from samples coming from sacrificed or recently deceased pigs with acute clinical signs compatible with respiratory tract infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using the broth microdilution method containing a total of 10 and 7–8 antimicrobials/concentrations respectively, in accordance with the recommendations presented by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The obtained antimicrobial susceptibility varies between pig respiratory pathogens. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) and Pasteurella multocida (PM) were highly susceptible (≥90%) to ceftiofur, florfenicol and macrolides (tilmicosin, tildipirosin and tulathromycin). However, the antimicrobial susceptibility was intermediate (>60% but <90%) for amoxicillin and enrofloxacin in the case of APP and sulfamethoxazole/trimethropim and tiamulin in the case of PM. Both bacteria showed low (<60%) antimicrobial susceptibility to doxycycline. Finally, Bordetella bronchiseptica was highly susceptible only to tildipirosin and tulathromycin (100%) and its susceptibility for florfenicol was close to 50% and <30% for the rest of the antimicrobial families tested. These results emphasize the need of determining antimicrobial susceptibility in pig respiratory cases in order to optimize the antimicrobial treatment in a case-by-case scenario.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance patterns of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from feces of non-diarrheic dogs in Grenada, West Indies

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2070-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Amadi ◽  
Harry Hariharan ◽  
Ozioma A. Amadi ◽  
Vanessa Matthew-Belmar ◽  
Roxanne Nicholas-Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Selection Of

Background and Aim: There is currently no published information on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal Escherichia coli in dogs of Grenada origin. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance helps in the empirical selection of antibiotics. This study determined the occurrence of E. coli including the O157:H7 serotype in feces of non-diarrheic dogs of Grenada origin and the antibiotic resistance pattern of the E. coli isolates. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples from 142 of the 144 (98.6%) dogs were culture positive for E. coli. Selection of up to three colonies from each of the 142 E. coli-positive samples yielded a total of 402 E. coli isolates, which were analyzed for the presence of non-sorbitol fermenting colonies, and O157-agglutination. Results: Of the 402 E. coli isolates, 30 (7.5%) were non-sorbitol fermenters. However, none of the 402 isolates gave a positive reaction (O157:H7) to the E. coli O157:H7 latex kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests against 12 antibiotics revealed low resistance rates to all the tested antibiotics except for tetracycline (Te) (23.4%), cephalothin (CF) (13.2%), and ampicillin (AM) (7.7%). Thirty-nine out of the 402 (9.7%), E. coli isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics of different classes. Conclusion: This is the first report of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of commensal E. coli from non-diarrheic dogs in Grenada. Some of the isolates (39/402 isolates, 9.7%) were resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study showed that presently, dogs in Grenada should not be considered a reservoir for the E. coli O157:H7 serotype and for multiple antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains. Among the 402 E. coli isolates, the resistance rate to drugs other than Te, CF, and AM was very low.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of clinical Streptococcus pyogenes isolates in Russia: the results of multicenter epidemiological study «PEHASus 2014–2017»

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
N.V. Ivanchik ◽  
M.V. Sukhorukova ◽  
А.N. Chagaryan ◽  
А.V. Dekhnich ◽  
R.S. Kozlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from different regions of Russia during 2014–2017. Materials and Methods. A total of 792 clinical S. pyogenes isolates from 14 Russian cities were included in the study. Susceptibility testing was performed using reference broth microdilution method (ISO 207761:2006). Susceptibility testing results were interpreted using EUCAST v.10.0 breakpoints. Results. Penicillin G was active against all tested isolates with the MIC50–90 values of 0.016 mg/l and the highest MIC value of 0.25 mg/l. No resistance to linezolid, tedizolid and vancomycin were observed. Respiratory fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin, showed a high activity with the only 0.3% and 0.8% of resistant isolates, respectively. Almost all isolates (99.9%) were susceptible to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole. The resistance rates to 14- and 15-membered macrolides varied from 12.1% to 17.2%. The only 2.4% of isolates were resistant to clindamycin. Resistance to chloramphenicol was 6.1%, to tetracycline – 17.2%. Conclusions. The comparison of this study results with the previously published Russian data on antimicrobial resistance of S. pyogenes shows there were no significant changes in the susceptibility of this pathogen over the past two decades, with the exception of macrolides. The growing resistance to 14and 15-membered macrolides raises a question on the further use of this antibiotic class for the empiric treatment of streptococcal infections in Russia.

Antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria: lessons learned from host-specific pathogens

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy M. Wassenaar ◽  
Peter Silley
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Animal Host ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Single Animal ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe relative contribution of veterinary and human clinical treatments to the selection of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic pathogens remains controversial. In this review, we consider bacterial pathogens that differ in host specificity and address their resistance profiles: pathogens that only occur in the human host, pathogens that are specific to particular food-producing animals and pathogens that occur in both host types. Compared with those pathogens restricted to a single animal host, pathogens found in both human and animal hosts appear to have higher incidences of resistance. However, the most urgent and severe resistance problems occur with pathogens exclusively infecting humans. Differences exist in the available genetic repertoire of a bacterial species and these are reflected in the observed resistance patterns; it is important to note that different bacterial species do not automatically result in similarly resistant populations when they undergo comparable selection in different host species. Thus, within a bacterial species, prevalence of resistance can differ between populations isolated from different hosts. For some species, fluctuations in dominant subpopulations, for instance particular serotypes, can be the most important factor determining resistance. The frequently expressed opinion that veterinary use of antimicrobials is at the heart of many resistance problems may be an oversimplification of the complex forces at play.

scholarly journals Pediatric Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends across the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranita D. Tamma ◽  
Gwen L. Robinson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Gerber ◽  
Jason G. Newland ◽  
Chloe M. DeLisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare ◽  
Regional Comparisons ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Objective.Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns across US pediatric healthcare institutions are unknown. A national pooled pediatric antibiogram (1) identifies nationwide trends in antimicrobial resistance, (2) allows across-hospital benchmarking, and (3) provides guidance for empirical antimicrobial regimens for institutions unable to generate pediatric antibiograms.Methods.In January 2012, a request for submission of pediatric antibiograms between 2005 and 2011 was sent to 233 US hospitals. A summary antibiogram was compiled from participating institutions to generate proportions of antimicrobial susceptibility. Temporal and regional comparisons were evaluated using χ² tests and logistic regression, respectively.Results.Of 200 institutions (85%) responding to our survey, 78 (39%) reported generating pediatric antibiograms, and 55 (71%) submitted antibiograms. Carbapenems had the highest activity against the majority of gram-negative organisms tested, but no antibiotic had more than 90% activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Approximately 50% of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. Western hospitals had significantly lower proportions of S. aureus that were methicillin resistant compared with all other regions tested. Overall, 21% of S. aureus isolates had resistance to clindamycin. Among Enterococcus faecium isolates, the prevalence of susceptibility to ampicillin (25%) and vancomycin (45%) was low but improved over time (P < .01), and 8% of E. faecium isolates were resistant to linezolid. Southern hospitals reported significantly higher prevalence of E. faecium with susceptibilities to ampicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid compared with the other 3 regions (P < .01).Conclusions.A pooled, pediatric antibiogram can identify nationwide antimicrobial resistance patterns for common pathogens and might serve as a useful tool for benchmarking resistance and informing national prescribing guidelines for children.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Grain-Fed Veal Meat from Southern Ontario, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1245-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA COOK ◽  
RICHARD J. REID-SMITH ◽  
REBECCA J. IRWIN ◽  
SCOTT A. McEWEN ◽  
VIRGINIA YOUNG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Testing Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns

This study estimated the prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli isolates in fresh retail grain-fed veal obtained in Ontario, Canada. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns were examined for points of public health significance. Veal samples (n = 528) were collected from February 2003 through May 2004. Twenty-one Salmonella isolates were recovered from 18 (4%) of 438 samples and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was found in 6 (29%) of 21 Salmonella isolates; 5 (24%) of 21 isolates were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. No resistance to antimicrobials of very high human health importance was observed. Ampicillin-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline resistance was found in 5 (3%) of 21 Salmonella isolates. Campylobacter isolates were recovered from 5 (1%) of 438 samples; 6 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was documented in 3 (50%) of 6 Campylobacter isolates. No Campylobacter isolates were resistant to five or more antimicrobials or category I antimicrobials. E. coli isolates were recovered from 387 (88%) of 438 samples; 1,258 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was found in 678 (54%) of 1,258 E. coli isolates; 128 (10%) of 1,258 were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. Five (0.4%) and 7 (0.6%) of 1,258 E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone, respectively, while 34 (3%) of 1,258 were resistant to nalidixic acid. Ciprofloxacin resistance was not detected. There were 101 different resistance patterns observed among E. coli isolates; resistance to tetracycline alone (12.7%, 161 of 1,258) was most frequently observed. This study provides baseline prevalence and antimicrobial resistance data and highlights potential public health concerns.

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