scholarly journals Profil and Evaluation of Resistant Tuberculosis Drug’s Side Effect in Diabetes and Non Diabetes Mellitus Patient at RSUD Arifin Achmad

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Dani Rosdiana ◽  
Dewi Anggraini ◽  
Indra Yovi ◽  
Marlina Tasril
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Mdr Tb

Backgrounds: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of reactivation of tuberculosis included multi-resistant drug tuberculosis (MDR-TB). This situation is threatening Riau province due to the high prevalence of DM. Since 2014 Arifin Achmad Hospital as a referral hospital of MDR-TB management. It’s treatment especially in DM patients, requires an evaluation of both outcome and side effects. This evaluation needs to be compared with non-DM MDR TB patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyse patient’s characteristic, conversion of smear or culture, drugs side effect and treatment outcome. Methods: This is a cross sectional retrospective study in RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru on April-October 2018. Sample of this study were all patients from 2014 – 2017. This study was divided into 2 groups, namely the DM and non-DM groups, then analysed the differences between the two groups Results: There were 113 MDR TB patients had its treatment, which 61% of the patients were male. Baseline data show 26.5% of MDR TB patients have comorbid DM. The most common side effects were nausea and vomiting (100%) in all subjects. In the MDR TB DM group, we found included: well controlled plasma glucose level was 33.3%, severe side effects was16.7%, conversion in the second month 40% and cured or complete treatment was 30%. Conclusions: As many as 26,5% of MDR TB patients had DM comorbidity. There were no differences in the percentage of drugs side effects, smear conversion in the second month and treatment outcome between MDR TB DM and MDR TB non-DM group. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(3): 156-62)

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Samtse General Hospital, Bhutan: A Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Thinley Dorji
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mdr Tb

Introduction: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as a case of tuberculosis resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid which are the first line anti tuberculosis drugs. Globally emergences of MDR-TB possess a challenge to TB control. In Bhutan, the proportion of MDR-TB is high at par with the global level. This study will explore the predictors of MDR-TB and the trend at Samtse General Hospital which has high burden of tuberculosis. Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional study. The data was extracted from TB treatment cards maintained at TB unit of Samtse General Hospital TB from January 2012 to June 2018. Results: The study showed the prevalence of drug resistant to at least one drug at 21% and MDR-TB prevalence at 16%. The patients with previous treatments (AOR: 4.59; 95% CI .03-.18) and patients under the age of 30 years (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI 1.01- 7.42) were significantly associated with MDR-TB. Conclusion: This study shows high prevalence of MDR-TB in Samtse. Better strategies and concrete actions need to be developed to combat the increase of MDR-TB.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic determinants of treatment outcome in multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases registered under Programmatic management of drug resistant tuberculosis services in Amritsar, Punjab

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2688
Author(s):  
Manisha Nagpal ◽  
Sarthak Chawla ◽  
Priyanka Devgun ◽  
Naresh Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has become a major public health problem. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The treatment success rate worldwide is around 50%.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all MDR-TB patients who were registered and being treated under PMDT services in Amritsar district from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2015. The treatment outcome with their socio-demographic determinants was ascertained. Data management and analysis was done by using Microsoft excel and SPSS.Results: Out of 87 MDR-TB patients, 57 (65.5%) were males and 30 (34.4%) were females. The various treatment outcomes observed were- 30 (34.5%) cured, 19 (21.8%) treatment completed, 18 (20.7%) died, 13 (14.9%) defaulted, 4 (4.6%) shifted to XDR TB regime and 3 (3.4%) failure.Conclusions: On statistical analysis, it was observed that age (p=0.000), marital status (p=0.024), educational status (p=0.011) and occupation (p=0.002) were significantly associated with the treatment outcome. Other factors like sex, type of family and socio-economic status did not affect the treatment outcome.

Medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia: an Iranian cross-sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashem Hashempur ◽  
Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat ◽  
Mojtaba Heydari ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Despite growing demand for medicinal plants, there is little data about their use by patients with dyslipidemia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and associated factors for the use of medicinal plants among patients with dyslipidemia. Methods A 17-item semi-structured questionnaire was filled out by 195 patients with dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional study carried out in two academic endocrinology clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The questionnaire comprised of three main domains of demographic data (6 questions), clinical data (2 of them), and data related to the use of medicinal plants (totally 9 questions). Results A total of 77.4% of patients took medicinal plants. The most common medicinal herbs used by dyslipidemic patients were Zataria multiflora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Zingiber officinale. Duration of dyslipidemia was significantly longer in herbal users than non-herbal users (p=0.04). Patients believing that concomitant use of conventional drugs and herbal preparations had synergic positive effects in addition to those persuaded that herbal preparations possessed less side effects, were significantly more likely to use medicinal plants (p=0.008 and 0.005, respectively). Additionally, most of the medicinal herb users (87.4%) changed neither the pattern nor the dosage of their medications all during herbal preparations use. Conclusions This study demonstrated a high prevalence of medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia, which was associated with the duration of dyslipidemia, patients’ viewpoints about herbal preparations’ synergic positive effects, and their fewer side effects.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss among patients of diabetes mellitus in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Shahid Majeed ◽  
Nazia Mumtaz ◽  
Ghulam Saqulain
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder with a prevalence of 11.77%. Studies report that DM can result in Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). A high prevalence of Hearing loss (HL) (43.6%) in diabetics was noted in an Indian study. In absence of local studies and a high expected prevalence, with no screening recommendations, this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) in Diabetes Mellitus DM in Southern Punjab. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 310 diabetics, hailing from southern Punjab and fulfilling selection criteria were recruited. Samples were collected using probability sampling technique from September 2016 to December 2016. Following detailed history and examination, cases were subjected to pure tone audiometry (PTA) at 0.5 to 6 KHz to obtain hearing thresholds to determine the prevalence. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20. Results: Sample included N=310 diabetics with Mean age of 35.00 + 6.93 years with 58.39% males and 41.61% females. The prevalence of HL was 46.1%. Gender wise of the male population with HL, 27.97% and 28.67% had mild and moderate HL respectively with severe HL in 8.39% cases, while moderate HL was prevalent in females 20.98%, followed by mild HL in 9.97% and severe HL in 4.20%. There was significant correlation between Diabetes and SNHL with p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in Diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine: Nationwide Phase IV Study among Healthcare Workers in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Abanoub Riad ◽  
Barbora Hocková ◽  
Lucia Kantorová ◽  
Rastislav Slávik ◽  
Lucia Spurná ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Phase Iv

mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines such as BNT162b2 have recently been a target of anti-vaccination campaigns due to their novelty in the healthcare industry; nevertheless, these vaccines have exhibited excellent results in terms of efficacy and safety. As a consequence, they acquired the first approvals from drug regulators and were deployed at a large scale among priority groups, including healthcare workers. This phase IV study was designed as a nationwide cross-sectional survey to evaluate the post-vaccination side effects among healthcare workers in Slovakia. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire that inquired about participants’ demographic information, medical anamneses, COVID-19-related anamnesis, and local, systemic, oral, and skin-related side effects following receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. A total of 522 participants were included in this study, of whom 77% were females, 55.7% were aged between 31 and 54 years, and 41.6% were from Banska Bystrica. Most of the participants (91.6%) reported at least one side effect. Injection site pain (85.2%) was the most common local side effect, while fatigue (54.2%), headache (34.3%), muscle pain (28.4%), and chills (26.4%) were the most common systemic side effects. The reported side effects were of a mild nature (99.6%) that did not require medical attention and a short duration, as most of them (90.4%) were resolved within three days. Females and young adults were more likely to report post-vaccination side effects; such a finding is also consistent with what was previously reported by other phase IV studies worldwide. The role of chronic illnesses and medical treatments in post-vaccination side effect incidence and intensity requires further robust investigation among large population groups.

scholarly journals SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AND TREATMENT RELATED FACTORS OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Prakash Bhatt ◽  
B KC
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Care Worker

Introduction: Treatment of multi drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with second line drugs is associated with adverse drug reactions and toxicity. Aim of this study were to determine side effects associated with drugs used in treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis and treatment related factors of MDR-TB patients.Methodology: A prospective study was carried out in National Tuberculosis Centre Bhaktapur Nepal. Questionnaires were used to collect data from patients.Results: Total 101 MDR TB patients were included among them majorities were male (52%) and mean age of the patients was 31.2 years. Majority of patients (87.1%) had previous history of tuberculosis treatment and 54.5% were in intensive phase of treatment. The side effect associated with drugs used in treatment of MDR-TB reported by patients were joint pain (21.2%), nausea (20.3%), hearing disturbances (11%), gastrointestinal disturbance (9.9%), depression (9.6%), itching (8.1%), hypothyroidism (6.4%), dizziness (6.4%), seizures (3.8%) and hepatitis (3.5%). Last month 25.74% patients missed one or more doses of drugs and 3.9% missed drug doses due to side effect of drugs. Majorities of the patients used vehicle to reach health centre (92.07%), time to reach the health center (59.4%) were less than 30 minutes but majorities of patients (57.4%) were not satisfied by the counseling of health care worker.Conclusion: The finding of this study shows that in MDR patients 12.8% were found new cases. Last month 3.9% patients were stopped the drugs due to side effects of drugs. Majority of patients (57.4%) were not satisfied by counseling of health care worker. Treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis with second line anti tubercular drugs is associated with side effects, health care worker counseling to MDR- TB patients with full attention is essential to encourage the patient’s moral and complete the treatment. Timely managing the side effects of medication is important in helping people to complete their treatment.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2017; XIV(1), Page: 1-6

scholarly journals Intensive phase treatment outcome and associated factors among patients treated for multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teklu Molie ◽  
Zelalem Teklemariam ◽  
Eveline Klinkenberg ◽  
Yadeta Dessie ◽  
Andargachew Kumsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at least Rifampicin and Isoniazid drugs. The treatment success rate for MDR-TB cases is lower than for drug susceptible TB. Globally only 55% of MDR-TB patients were successfully treated. Monitoring the early treatment outcome and better understanding of the specific reasons for early unfavorable and unknown treatment outcome is crucial for preventing the emergence of further drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, this information is scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the intensive phase treatment outcome and contributing factors among patients treated for MDR-TB in Ethiopia. Methods A 6 year retrospective cohort record review was conducted in fourteen TICs all over the country. The records of 751 MDR-TB patients were randomly selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested and structured checklist. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression was undertaken to identify the contributing factors. Results At the end of the intensive phase, 17.3% of MDR-TB patients had an unfavorable treatment outcome, while 16.8% had an unknown outcome with the remaining having a favorable outcome. The median duration of the intensive phase was 9.0 months (IQR 8.04–10.54). Having an unfavorable intensive phase treatment outcome was found significantly more common among older age [ARRR = 1.047, 95% CI (1.024, 1.072)] and those with a history of hypokalemia [ARRR = 0.512, 95% CI (0.280, 0.939)]. Having an unknown intensive phase treatment outcome was found to be more common among those treated under the ambulatory care [ARRR = 3.2, 95% CI (1.6, 6.2)], rural dwellers [ARRR = 0.370, 95% CI (0.199, 0.66)], those without a treatment supporter [ARRR = 0.022, 95% CI (0.002, 0.231)], and those with resistance to a limited number of drugs. Conclusion We observed a higher rate of unfavorable and unknown treatment outcome in this study. To improve favorable treatment outcome more emphasis should be given to conducting all scheduled laboratory monitoring tests, assignment of treatment supporters for each patient and ensuring complete recording and reporting which could be enhanced by quarterly cohort review. Older aged and rural patients need special attention. Furthermore, the sample referral network should be strengthened.

Genotypic Resistance of Pyrazinamide but Not Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Is Associated With Longer Time to Sputum Culture Conversion in Patients With Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Kuhlin ◽  
Lina Davies Forsman ◽  
Mikael Mansjö ◽  
Michaela Jonsson Nordvall ◽  
Maria Wijkander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Sputum Culture Conversion ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Culture Conversion

Abstract Background Pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is common; yet, it is not clear how it affects interim and treatment outcomes. Although rarely performed, phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) is used to define PZA resistance, but genotypic DST (gDST) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) could be beneficial. We aimed to assess the impact of PZA gDST and MIC on time to sputum culture conversion (SCC) and treatment outcome in patients with MDR-TB. Methods Clinical, microbiological, and treatment data were collected in this cohort study for all patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in Sweden from 1992–2014. MIC, pDST, and whole-genome sequencing of the pncA, rpsA, and panD genes were used to define PZA resistance. A Cox regression model was used for statistical analyses. Results Of 157 patients with MDR-TB, 56.1% (n = 88) had PZA-resistant strains and 49.7% (n = 78) were treated with PZA. In crude and adjusted analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% conficence interval [CI], .29-.82; P = .007), PZA gDST resistance was associated with a 29-day longer time to SCC. A 2-fold decrease in dilutions of PZA MIC for PZA-susceptible strains showed no association with SCC in crude or adjusted analyses (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, .73–1.31; P = .89). MIC and gDST for PZA were not associated with treatment outcome. Conclusions In patients with MDR-TB, gDST PZA resistance was associated with a longer time to SCC. Rapid PZA gDST is important to identify patients who may benefit from PZA treatment.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Identifying Household Contacts of Rifampin-and Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Cases at High Risk of Progression to Tuberculosis Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Gupta ◽  
Susan Swindells ◽  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
Michael D Hughes ◽  
Linda Naini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Background We assessed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases and their household contacts (HHCs) to inform the development of an interventional clinical trial. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of adult MDR-TB cases and their HHCs in 8 countries with high TB burdens. HHCs underwent symptom screenings, chest radiographies, sputum TB bacteriologies, TB infection (TBI) testing (tuberculin skin test [TST] and interferon gamma release assay [IGRA]), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. Results From October 2015 to April 2016, 1016 HHCs from 284 MDR-TB cases were enrolled. At diagnosis, 69% of MDR-TB cases were positive for acid-fast bacilli sputum smears and 43% had cavitary disease; at study entry, 35% remained smear positive after a median MDR-TB treatment duration of 8.8 weeks. There were 9 HHCs that were diagnosed with TB prior to entry and excluded. Of the remaining 1007 HHCs, 41% were male and the median age was 25 years. There were 121 (12%) HHCs that had new cases of TB identified: 17 (2%) were confirmed, 33 (3%) probable, and 71 (7%) possible TB cases. The TBI prevalence (defined as either TST or IGRA positivity) was 72% and varied by age, test used, and country. Of 1007 HHCs, 775 (77%) were considered high-risk per these mutually exclusive groups: 102 (10%) were aged &lt;5 years; 63 (6%) were aged ≥5 and were infected with HIV; and 610 (61%) were aged ≥5 years, were negative for HIV or had an unknown HIV status, and were TBI positive. Only 21 (2%) HHCs were on preventive therapy. Conclusions The majority of HHCs in these high-burden countries were at high risk of TB disease and infection, yet few were receiving routine preventive therapy. Trials of novel, preventive therapies are urgently needed to inform treatment policy and practice.

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