SECURE AND SUSTAINABLE SMART GRID FRAME WORK USING THE CLOUD COMPUTING

The smart grid developments turning out to a promising technology for the two way communication of the electricity and the information are becoming more prominent in the present scenario due to the increasing demands in the power requirements. The smart grid utilizing the modern communication and the computing infrastructure makes this possible. This utilization of the modern communication and the computing systems make them even prone to the vulnerabilities, mishandlings and the miscommunications and necessary for a complex frame work for managing of the power distribution and generation to make them sustainable. So the paper proposes the cloud computing for the proper management and the protection of the smart grids to make them more secure against threats and sustainable by reducing the Co2 emission by the perfect management. The validation of the smart grid frame work using cloud computing by monitoring the power distribution, management and the security achieved over multiple usages show the enhanced power management and the security services provided by the cloud for the smart grid.

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Wireless Light-Weight IEC 61850 Based Loss of Mains Protection for Smart Grid

Open Engineering ◽

10.1515/eng-2018-0022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 182-192

Author(s):

Mike Mekkanen ◽

Kimmo Kauhaniemi

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Low Cost ◽

Access Point ◽

Light Weight ◽

Iec 61850 ◽

Distribution Management ◽

Protection Method ◽

Wireless Application

Abstract This paper presents a novel Loss of Mains (LoM) protection method based on IEC 61850 Manufacturing Messages Specification (MMS) protocol over wireless Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based access point name (APN) mechanism. LoM or anti islanding protection is a key requirement in modern power distribution grids where there is significant amount of distributed energy resources (DER). The future Smart Grids are based on extensive communication capabilities and thus the communication based LoM approaches will also become dominant. The IEC 61850 standard based systems are gaining ground in the substation communication, and therefore, it is natural to expand this technology deeper into the distribution network. Using this standard for LoM protection, also enables some advanced approaches utilizing large variety of information available in the Smart Grid. There is a specific part of the standard, IEC 61850-7-420, which defines logical nodes (LNs) suitable for this purpose; but, there are no available devices applying this part of the standard yet. In this research, a light-weight implementation of IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) is developed using a low-cost open microcontroller platform, Beagle Bone, and an open source software. Using this platform, a wireless LoM solution based on IEC 61850 MMS protocol has been developed and demonstrated. This paper introduces object modelling according to IEC 61850-7-420 defined LNs and an implementation applying direct client server MMS based communication between lightweight IEDs. The performance of the wireless application using the developed platform is demonstrated by measuring the message latencies. In this paper, a novel LoM protection concept is proposed based on the standardized communication solution brought by IEC 61850 and specific LNs for DERs defined in IEC 61850-7-420. A light-weight implementation of an IEC 61850 based IED is developed in order to reduce large overhead information and complexity of the standard. In addition to LoM function, the developed solution has the ability to monitor DERs status. The available monitoring information can be shared among various distribution management systems (DMS), enabling distributed decision approach for various purposes.

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Smart Grid Topologies Paving the Way for an Urban Resilient Continuity Management

10.4018/978-1-6684-3666-0.ch060 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1335-1359

Author(s):

Sadeeb Simon Ottenburger ◽

Thomas Münzberg ◽

Misha Strittmatter

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Power Flow ◽

Operation Mode ◽

Urban Resilience ◽

Power Distribution Network ◽

Vast Number ◽

Adequate Provision ◽

Advanced Metering

The generation and supply of electricity is currently about to undergo a fundamental transition that includes extensive development of smart grids. Smart grids are huge and complex networks consisting of a vast number of devices and entities which are connected with each other. This opens new variations of disruption scenarios which can increase the vulnerability of a power distribution network. However, the network topology of a smart grid has significant effects on urban resilience particularly referring to the adequate provision of infrastructures. Thus, topology massively codetermines the degree of urban resilience, i.e. different topologies enable different strategies of power distribution. Therefore, this article introduces a concept of criticality adapted to a power system relying on an advanced metering infrastructure. The authors propose a two-stage operationalization of this concept that refers to the design phase of a smart grid and its operation mode, targeting at an urban resilient power flow during power shortage.

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A Methodology for Dependability Evaluation of Smart Grids

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12091817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1817 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gisliany Alves ◽

Danielle Marques ◽

Ivanovitch Silva ◽

Luiz Affonso Guedes ◽

Maria da Guia da Silva

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Systems ◽

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Hierarchical Topology ◽

Automation Systems ◽

Dependability Evaluation ◽

Information And Communication

Smart grids are a new trend in electric power distribution, which has been guiding the digitization of electric ecosystems. These smart networks are continually being introduced in order to improve the dependability (reliability, availability) and efficiency of power grid systems. However, smart grids are often complex, composed of heterogeneous components (intelligent automation systems, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) control systems, power systems, smart metering systems, and others). Additionally, they are organized under a hierarchical topology infrastructure demanded by priority-based services, resulting in a costly modeling and evaluation of their dependability requirements. This work explores smart grid modeling as a graph in order to propose a methodology for dependability evaluation. The methodology is based on Fault Tree formalism, where the top event is generated automatically and encompasses the hierarchical infrastructure, redundant features, load priorities, and failure and repair distribution rates of all components of a smart grid. The methodology is suitable to be applied in early design stages, making possible to evaluate instantaneous and average measurements of reliability and availability, as well as to identify eventual critical regions and components of smart grid. The study of a specific use-case of low-voltage distribution network is used for validation purposes.

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Optimal Wireless Smart Grid Networks Using Duo Attack Strategy

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation - September 2019 ◽

10.36548/jeea.2020.2.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

Dr. Smys S. ◽

Dr. Haoxiang Wang

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Management ◽

Power Distribution ◽

High Performance ◽

Wireless Networking ◽

Communication Security ◽

Governance System ◽

Grid Networks ◽

Supply Industry ◽

Attack Strategy

The Smart Grid Network (SGN) is one of the fastest developing technology and has been widely used because of its high performance, in power governance system and current power supply industry. The restriction over wired infrastructure has been overcome because of Wireless Smart Grid Networks (WSGN) which offers the best solution for power management. The most commonly used wireless networking approaches used is the Cognitive Radio Network (CRN). However, when the WSGN approach used is CRN, there is a lot of concern over communication security. The major attaches faced are fended using spoofing and hamming in CRN. The proposed work using optimal power distribution in order to fence off spoofing and jamming known as Maximum Attacking Strategy. Both jamming and spoofing will be able to interfere with many signal channels in order to ensure proper functioning of the channels. The attack strategy proposed in our work uses Duo-Attack using Jamming and Spoofing to evaluate the experiment and record the observations.

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Integrated Blockchain and Cloud Computing Systems: A Systematic Survey, Solutions, and Challenges

ACM Computing Surveys ◽

10.1145/3456628 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 54 (8) ◽

pp. 1-36

Author(s):

Jinglin Zou ◽

Debiao He ◽

Sherali Zeadally ◽

Neeraj Kumar ◽

Huaqun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Service Management ◽

Distributed Databases ◽

Future Research ◽

Configurable Computing ◽

Computing Systems ◽

Performance Improvements ◽

Security Services ◽

Computing Model ◽

Barriers And Challenges

Cloud computing is a network model of on-demand access for sharing configurable computing resource pools. Compared with conventional service architectures, cloud computing introduces new security challenges in secure service management and control, privacy protection, data integrity protection in distributed databases, data backup, and synchronization. Blockchain can be leveraged to address these challenges, partly due to the underlying characteristics such as transparency, traceability, decentralization, security, immutability, and automation. We present a comprehensive survey of how blockchain is applied to provide security services in the cloud computing model and we analyze the research trends of blockchain-related techniques in current cloud computing models. During the reviewing, we also briefly investigate how cloud computing can affect blockchain, especially about the performance improvements that cloud computing can provide for the blockchain. Our contributions include the following: (i) summarizing the possible architectures and models of the integration of blockchain and cloud computing and the roles of cloud computing in blockchain; (ii) classifying and discussing recent, relevant works based on different blockchain-based security services in the cloud computing model; (iii) simply investigating what improvements cloud computing can provide for the blockchain; (iv) introducing the current development status of the industry/major cloud providers in the direction of combining cloud and blockchain; (v) analyzing the main barriers and challenges of integrated blockchain and cloud computing systems; and (vi) providing recommendations for future research and improvement on the integration of blockchain and cloud systems.

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Technologies used in Smart Grid to implement Power Distribution System

TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering ◽

10.11591/tijee.v16i2.1606 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Raja Masood Larik ◽

Mohd Wazir Mustafa

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Systems ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Distribution System ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

New Technologies ◽

Power Distribution Systems ◽

Grid Systems ◽

Power Distribution System

<span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Recently, the debate has been going on about the role of power plus distribution systems, its technologies for future smart grids in power systems. The emerging of new technologies in smart grid and power distribution systems provide a significant change in terms of reduction the commercial and technical losses, improve the rationalization of electricity tariff. The new technologies in smart grid systems have different capabilities to increase the technological efficiency in power distribution systems. These new technologies are the foreseeable solution to address the power system issues. This paper gives a brief detail of new technologies in smart grid systems for its power distribution systems, benefits and recent challenges. The paper provides a brief detail for new researchers and engineers about new technologies in smart grid systems and how to change traditional distribution systems into new smart systems.</span>

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Smart Grid Topologies Paving the Way for an Urban Resilient Continuity Management

International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management ◽

10.4018/ijiscram.2017100101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sadeeb Simon Ottenburger ◽

Thomas Münzberg ◽

Misha Strittmatter

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Power Flow ◽

Operation Mode ◽

Urban Resilience ◽

Power Distribution Network ◽

Vast Number ◽

Adequate Provision ◽

Advanced Metering

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Energy Management in Cloud Computing

Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering - Handbook of Research on Emerging Technologies for Electrical Power Planning, Analysis, and Optimization ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-9911-3.ch014 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 293-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer ◽

Pattabhi Mary Jyosthna ◽

Suman Jonnalagadda

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Business Performance ◽

High Performance ◽

Service Providers ◽

Cloud Service ◽

High Energy ◽

Operational Cost ◽

Computing Systems

Due to the growing demand of businesses, enterprises are concentrating on performance improvement as well as investment reduction for their applications. Cloud Computing, an emerging technology which provides enormous services through internet is the best choice for the enterprises to improve their business performance and to reduce their capital budget. Cloud datacenters have thousands of servers to provide uninterrupted services to the consumers. These High Performance Computing systems consumes high energy, which leads to increase in Cloud Service Providers operational cost. Apart from the operational cost it also increases CO2 emission, which causes Global warming. So many researchers are evolving engineering techniques that are required to improve performance as well as optimization in power consumption. This chapter describes some of the techniques that are used to reduce operational cost, CO2 emission, SLA violation and able to maintain Quality of Service (QoS). It also describes about limitations on existing methods and further enhancement issues for better performance.

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SmartLVGrid Platform—Convergence of Legacy Low-Voltage Circuits toward the Smart Grid Paradigm

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12132590 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (13) ◽

pp. 2590

Author(s):

R. Claudio S. Gomes ◽

Carlos Costa ◽

Jose Silva ◽

Jose Sicchar

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Electric Power System ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Distribution Grid ◽

Strategic Plans ◽

Low Voltage Circuits ◽

The Cost

The current electrical system is transitioning towards a new technological model called the smart grid. The transition duration between the traditional Electric Power System (EPS) and the full smart grid depends on well-designed strategic plans, implementing transition models that are as close to smart grids as possible, based on the processes and technological resources available at the time, but always considering their economic feasibility, without which no solution thrives. In this article, we present a method for convergence of the traditional power distribution grid to the smart grid paradigm by retrofitting the legacy circuits that compose this grid. Our results indicate that the application of such a method, through a distributed system platform with integrated technological resources added to the legacy infrastructure, converts these passive grids into intelligent circuits capable of supporting the implementation of a smart grid with a broad scope of functionalities. Based on a novel retrofitting strategy, the solution is free from the cost of replacing or significantly modifying the legacy infrastructure, as verified in deploying other currently available solutions.

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Towards Fast Response, Reduced Processing and Balanced Load in Fog-Based Data-Driven Smart Grid

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11123345 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3345 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rasool Bukhsh ◽

Nadeem Javaid ◽

Zahoor Ali Khan ◽

Farruh Ishmanov ◽

Muhammad Afzal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Smart Grid ◽

Data Center ◽

Smart Grids ◽

Data Centers ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

System Model ◽

Data Driven ◽

Efficient Allocation ◽

Selection Of

The integration of the smart grid with the cloud computing environment promises to develop an improved energy-management system for utility and consumers. New applications and services are being developed which generate huge requests to be processed in the cloud. As smart grids can dynamically be operated according to consumer requests (data), so, they can be called Data-Driven Smart Grids. Fog computing as an extension of cloud computing helps to mitigate the load on cloud data centers. This paper presents a cloud–fog-based system model to reduce Response Time (RT) and Processing Time (PT). The load of requests from end devices is processed in fog data centers. The selection of potential data centers and efficient allocation of requests on Virtual Machines (VMs) optimize the RT and PT. A New Service Broker Policy (NSBP) is proposed for the selection of a potential data center. The load-balancing algorithm, a hybrid of Particle Swarm Optimization and Simulated Annealing (PSO-SA), is proposed for the efficient allocation of requests on VMs in the potential data center. In the proposed system model, Micro-Grids (MGs) are placed near the fogs for uninterrupted and cheap power supply to clusters of residential buildings. The simulation results show the supremacy of NSBP and PSO-SA over their counterparts.

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