scholarly journals Effect of cultivation distances on growth and productivity of two varieties of garlic under the conditions of El jabal Al-Akhdar

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-100
Author(s):  
Firas S. Abubaker ◽  
Ali M. Khalifa ◽  
Hasan B. Albaba ◽  
Suliman A. Jadallh
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Planting Distance

The research was carried out by the Department of Horticulture - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Omar Al-Mukhtar - White during the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 planting seasons. To study the effect of four planting distances (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 cm) on the behavior of two varieties of garlic (Egyptian "municipal", Chinese). The design of full randomized splitters was used once in three replicates. The mean of the treatments was measured according to the Duncan test at a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the gradual increase of the planting distance (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 cm) resulted in a gradual and significant increase in the average length of the leaves, the average number of leaves, the paper area and the dry weight of the leaves in both cultivars. The best results for the leaf content of nitrogen and phosphorus at planting distance were 12.5 cm, while potassium was at a distance of 5 cm. The content of the leaves of chlorophyll (A, B) in both cultivars increased by increasing the distance of cultivation with the superiority of the Chinese class on the Egyptian. The results showed that increasing the planting distance to 12.5 cm increased the average weight of the bulb, the exportable yield and the exportable yield of the total crop, while the total yield decreased with the increase of the planting distance. The highest percentage of nitrogen was recorded at a distance of 12.5 cm for the Egyptian variety, while the Chinese category recorded the highest percentage of phosphorus and potassium. The results showed no significant differences in mean weight of the lobes between the four planting distances of the Egyptian and Chinese varieties during the first and second seasons. The best results were achieved for total dissolved solids at a distance of 12.5 cm in the Chinese and Egyptian varieties, respectively.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT CUCUMBER HYBRIDS TO GRAFTING ON SQUASH ROOTSTOCK

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Abdul Razzaq
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Insertion Technique ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A field experiment was conducted at Unifert Research Station Yousfiah Center of Iraq during spring of 2015 by grafting five cucumber hybrids named Mayadine, Ghazeer, Najim, Emparator and Beit Alpha on the rootstock ES101 (Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata) used the hole Insertion technique. The experiment content 10 treatments which were the grafted and ungrafted hybrids using randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that grafted Emparator (C4G) gave asignificans increase in the number of leaves (124.20 leaf.plant-1), leaf area (1.85 m2), chlorophyll leaf content (603.0 mg.100 g-1), plant dry weight (191.7 g.plant-1) and the amount of absorbed (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) by square area which were (17.77, 1.11 and 14.82 g.m-2, respectively). However, grafted Nagim (C3G) showed an increase in fruit count (14.03 fruit.plant-1), plant yield (1.53 kg.plant-1, early yield (10.60 ton.ha-1) and total yield (28.77 ton.ha-1).

scholarly journals THE RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE TO FERTILIZERS I. THE ARECIBO CYCLE, 1944-1950

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-229
Author(s):  
George Samuels ◽  
Pablo Landrau, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Rainfall Variations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Percent Nitrogen

A variety-fertilizer experiment using four varieties at seven fertilizer levels was carried on for a plant sugarcane and four ratoons. The major results were: 1. Nitrogen gave the highest yield increases in hundredweights of 96° available sugar per acre. 2. Phosphate fertilizers did not increase the yields of sugar. 3. Potassium fertilizers did increase the yields of sugar per acre. 4. The application of nitrogen and phosphorus did not influence sucrose concentrations in the cane. The omission of potassium did decrease the sucrose content of the cane significantly. 5. Variety P.R. 903 gave the highest yields of sugar per acre as compared with P.O.J. 2878, M. 275, and M. 317. The yields of M. 317 and P.O.J. 2878 were about equal, and M. 275 gave the lowest yields. 6. The varieties maintained their relative yielding power when tested at various fertilizer levels. Except for the no-fertilizer level, P.R. 903 maintained its significant lead in yield at all levels of fertilizer application. There was no significant interaction between varieties and fertilizers. 7. The reductions in yields from the omission of a fertilizer element for the mean of five crops were 33, 3, and 9 percent for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. 8. Analysis of leaf samples revealed that corrections must be made for rainfall to prevent a yearly variation in the data. When corrected for rainfall variations, values of 1.40 percent nitrogen (dry weight of the leaf) or below were associated with low cane yields, and values of 1.60 percent or over with high yields. For phosphorus, values above 0.17 percent phosphorus in the leaf at a cane age of 3 months may be regarded as indicating no appreciable need for phosphate fertilizers. Potassium values of 1.70 percent potassium in the leaf or less indicate a need for potash, and 1.90 percent or greater, none.

scholarly journals Effect of Seeding Rate On Growth And Yield Of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculantus) In Zuru Northern Guinea Savanna Of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanna J, A. ◽  
Muhammad A, M.
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Resource Space ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
The Mean

Field experiment was carried out during 2010 rainy season to find the effect of seeding rate on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmuschus esculentus) in Zuru Northern Guinea Savannah. Zuru is located in Zuru Local government area of Kebbi State (Latitude 11o 251 to 11o 551 North and Longitude 4o 51 to 5o 251 East of the equator). The experiment consisted of three treatments that is planting okra at one plant per stand (S1), two plants per stand (S2) and three plants per stand (S3). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) and the treatments replicated three time. The result of the experiment has shown that plant height and number of leaves/plant at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting (    WAP) were significantly influenced by seeding rate (P<0.05). At 3, 6 and 9 WAP tallest plants were obtained from okra plants planted at three plants/stand (27.83, 54.0 and 77.0cm) respectively followed by okra planted at two plant/stand (24.77, 50.67 and 74.33 leave/plant respectively ). However, more number of leaves/plant were obtained from okra plant at one plant/stand (9.67, 24.67 and 48.0 leaves/plant respectively) followed by okra planted at two plants/stand (8.33, 18.33 and 36.33 leaves/plant respectively). Seeding rate had significant influence on time of 50 percent flowering with one plant/stand first attaining 50 percent flowering stage just within 36.33 days followed by okra planted at two plants/stand (38 days). The mean fresh fruit yield of okra was also significantly influenced by seeding rate with the highest yield of fresh fruits obtained from three plants/stand (83.34/ha) followed by okra planted at two plants/stand (55.56/ha). However, the result of the findings recommends that, okra should be planted at two plants/stand for medium sized and marketable okra fresh fruits since at three plants/stand leads to the production of undersized fresh fruits which do not often attract customers. At one plant/stand, there seemed to be early fruiting and bigger sized fresh fruits but low total yield due to underutilization of land resource/space. Planting at one plant/stand should therefore be avoided

ETHEPHON AS A CHEMICAL HARVESTING AID FOR THE LATE SEASON HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY COVILLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. FORSYTH ◽  
D. L. CRAIG ◽  
R. STARK
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solids Content

Single applications of ethephon (1,000 pm) were made at three treatment dates to 20-yr-old Coville highbush blueberry plants. Berry weight, titratable acid, soluble solids content and yield were recorded. Average weight per berry was not consistently different in treated berries than in untreated but in both years the second and third sprays decreased the mean berry weight faster than occurred in the controls or first spray. Total yield was only slightly affected by treatment, indicating that a yield reduction would not be expected through the use of ethephon. Ethephon increased the rate at which the soluble solids and titratable acid (as citric) reached the normal level for ripe fruit.

Effect of plastic mulch and row covers on photosynthesis and yield of watermelon

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ibarra-Jiménez ◽  
J. Munguía-López ◽  
A. J. Lozano-del Río ◽  
A. Zermeño-González
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions

The effect of row covers on watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) grown on plastic mulch is well documented. However, row covers have not been adequately evaluated under Mexican growing conditions. Watermelon plants were grown on plastic mulch alone or with row covers to study their effect on photosynthesis, and early and total yields. Treatments were clear plastic mulch (C); black plastic mulch (B); B plus a Vispore cover of polypropylene (BV); B plus a white cover of perforated polyethylene (BW); B plus a clear cover of perforated polyethylene (BC); B plus an Agribon cover of polypropylene (BA); and bare soil as the control. For plants grown in treatment C, B or B combined with row covers, plant dry weight and number of leaves 40 days after seeding (DAS) were higher than the control (P<0.05), except BC which was comparable to the control. Total yields of treatments C, B, BV, BW and BA differed (P<0.05) from BC and the control. Total yields increased by 46.1, 43.2, 35.7, 41.6, 13.3, 15.4 and 35.8 t/ha for the C, B, BV, BW, BC and BA treatments, respectively, over the control, which yielded 27.1 t/ha. Total yield was highest for the C and the B treatment suggesting that there was no need for additional covers. The number of leaves per plant or dry weight per plant better explains the changes in yield than net photosynthesis rate. Stomatal conductance was explained in part by changes in photosynthesis.

Breast reduction with the posterosuperior pedicle: a series of 200 consecutive patients

Folia Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristo Shipkov ◽  
Ali Mojallal ◽  
Fabienne Braye
Keyword(s):  
Breast Reduction ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Superior Pedicle ◽  
Areola Complex ◽  
Junction Site ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT AIM: To present and evaluate the outcomes of the posterosuperior pedicle breast reduction technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 200 patients were included in the present retrospective study. They were operated on between January 2006 and January 2009. The mean age was 35.9 years (range 22 to 58 years). The average notch-to-nipple distance was 35.8 cm (range, 29 to 42 cm). The mean body mass index was 27 (range, 22 to 35 cm). Results were assessed by means of self-evaluation and by an independent 5-member jury. Fifty two patients (26%) had had bariatric surgery and 48 (24%) had had abdominoplasty. None of the patients had any previous breast surgery. All patients reported dorsal and cervical pain. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 16 months (range, 13 to 23 months). The average weight resected was 981 g (range from 370 g to 1800 g). The average duration of surgery was 2h (range, 1.50 to 2.30 hours) and average length of hospital stay was 2.3 days (range, 2 to 4 days). The duration of the outpatient postoperative care until complete wound healing was 15.2 days (range, 13 to 20 days). There were 4 major complications (2%) (1 bilateral and 3 unilateral infections) treated by drainage and intravenous antibiotics. Twenty-two minor complications were recorded (11%) including one desquamation of the nipple-areola complex without necrosis (0.5%) delayed healing at the junction site of the inverted T incision in 21 cases (10.5%). One hundred and forty eight patients evaluated their results as “very good” (74%), 36 as “good” (18%), and 16 as “acceptable” (8%). There were no results assessed as “poor.” Fifty-eight percent of the patients found that back pain had totally resolved versus 42% who had signifi cant improvement though not complete resolution. CONCLUSIONS: The postero-superior pedicle for breast reduction is a reproducible and versatile technique. The preservation of the anterior intercostal artery perforators enhances the reliability of the vascular supply to the superior pedicle.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TREE SUPPORT AND TRAINING SYSTEM ON APPLE TREE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 620a-620
Author(s):  
D.C. Elfying
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Training System ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Slender Spindle ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Support Cost ◽  
And Training

'Empire' (E) and 'Marshall McIntosh' (MM)/'Mark' trees planted in 1986 were trained to the freestanding central leader (CL), central leader with annual extension-shoot heading (HCL), slender spindle (SS) or vertical axis (VA). Support with a full tree stake (SS & VA) had little effect on shoot growth. HCL increased shoot number and mean length. Fewer pruning cuts were made on supported trees, while more were made on HCL trees. Dry weight of prunings 1989-91 was the same for all MM trees, while in E trees, CL and SS had lower pruning weights than HCL and VA. Bloom density was uninfluenced by support or training. Fruit set was greater in 1990 and 1991 on supported E trees, and in 1990 on supported MM trees. Yield was greater on supported systems in 3 out of 4 production years. Total yield after 6 years of age was 26-38% greater for supported trees of both cultivars. Bienniality was reduced about 15% by support in MM trees but unaffected by support or training in E trees. Net total crop value (estimated annual crop value minus annual harvest cost and support cost, if applicable, annual 10% discount rate) in 1991 was approximately $1600 per ha greater for supported E trees and $270 per ha greater for supported MM trees.

scholarly journals 437 PB 212 EFFECT OF SOIL FUMIGATION WITH METHYL BROMIDE ON MINERAL NUTRITION OF STRAWBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 493g-493
Author(s):  
M.E. Ragab ◽  
Kh. A. Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
Successive Season ◽  
Macro Nutrients ◽  
Plot Design

This study was earned out on strawberry (Fragana × ananassa, Duch.) during the tow successive season of 1988/1989 and 1989/1990, at the strawberry Improvement Center Experimental Farm at Omm saber, south Tahreer, El Behira Governorate. The objective of this work was to study the effect of strawberry cultivar Douglas A split-plot design with four replicates was adopted. The results indicated a substantial increase in the content of the available macro and micro nutrients in the fumigated soils compared to the non fumigated ones. A significant increase in the number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight, early and total yield per plant was recorded. Fumigation accompanied by fertilization increased the available content (N,P and K and (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in the soil in the both growing seasons compared to fumigated only or the control. Plants grown in the fumigated fertilized plots contained the highest amount of macro and macro nutrients in both the growing seasons. Fumigated non fertilized plots had the highest amount of available P and K than all other treatment The maximum early and total yield per plant was obtained from the fumigated non fertilized plots.

scholarly journals Effect of Spacing and Fertilization on the Yield of Potatoes

1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Pablo Landrau, Jr. ◽  
Juan Pastor Rodríguez ◽  
George Samuels ◽  
Severiano Alers Alers ◽  
R. Gandía Caro
Keyword(s):  
Potato Variety ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Combined fertilizer and spacing experiments with potatoes were conducted at Corozal on Lares clay soil, at Isabela on a Coto clay soil, and at Aibonito on a Juncos clay soil. The experiments were planted in December 1953 and January 1954. The areas were located at different elevations with variation in soils and climate. The potato variety Kennebec, resistant to blight, was planted. The major results were: 1. Nitrogen did not consistently increase the yield of potatoes significantly. 2. Phosphorus increased the yield of potatoes most. 3. Potassium failed to increase the yield of potatoes significantly. 4. The Coto clay soil gave the highest yield increases attributable to the use of phosphorus fertilizers. 5. The 6-inch planting distance gave the highest potato yields in all three experiments. 6. The interaction between fertilizer and planting distance, or number of potato seed pieces planted per acre, was not significant. As the number of seed pieces increased there was no need for higher rates of fertilizer applications. 7. A highly significant correlation was obtained between number of potato seed pieces planted per acre and yield in all three experiments. This relationship indicates that, as the number of seed pieces increases, the yields also increase. 8. For all three experiments the mean reductions in yield caused by the omission of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were 15.2, 28.5, and 6.3 percent, respectively. 9. Taking yield at 6-inch spacings as 100, the reduction in yield at 9 inches was 15.6, at 12 inches 20.5, at 15 inches 30.3, and at 18 inches 38.1 percent.

The Estimation of Magnesium in Plasma, Muscle and Bone, by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 979-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
B J Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract The use of the EEL 140 atomic absorption spectrophotometer for the determination of magnesium in plasma, skeletal muscle, and bone is described together with an examination of the pattern of chemical interference in each type of sample. The sampling procedure and preparation of each kind of sample for analysis is detailed, and recovery studies on plasma bone and muscle are presented. The mean value for plasma magnesium in 42 normal men and women was 2.16 mg/100 ml ± SD of 0.08. For 30 male Wistar strain rats, the plasma value was 2.10 mg/100 ml ± SD of 0.18. In 15 normal postmortem human muscle samples, the mean magnesium content was found to be 93 mg/100 g of dry muscle, the series range being between 83 and 101 mg/100 g. The comparable value in 49 male rats was 125 mg/100 g dry weight ± SD 1.8. Bone magnesium in femur diaphysis of 20 male rats (average weight 200 g) was 563 mg/100 g dry weight ± SD 12.7. It is concluded that this instrument, when operated in the manner suggested in our study, is technically easy to use, and gives precise, sensitive, and reproducible results for magnesium in a variety of biologic material.

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