DEPENDENCE OF VIVALDI ANTENNA CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SUBSTRATE METALLIZATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
С.М. Фёдоров ◽  
А.С. Бадаев ◽  
Е.А. Ищенко ◽  
Е.В. Папина ◽  
К.А. Бердников ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Iron Platinum ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
State Commission ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Vivaldi Antenna ◽  
Copper Aluminum ◽  
Electrodynamic Modeling ◽  
Real Gain

Рассматривается антенна Вивальди, рабочий диапазон которой соответствует частотам, выделенным Государственной комиссией по радиочастотам для сетей пятого поколения. Применение различных проводниковых материалов при изготовлении излучателя позволяет достичь как экономических преимуществ, так и требуемых характеристик диаграмм направленности. В процессе моделирования были определены обратные потери антенны, а также влияние на них материала изготовления проводящей части антенны, диаграммы направленности, коэффициента полезного действия. Все характеристики определялись путем электродинамического моделирования. Исследование производилось для таких проводящих материалов, как медь, алюминий, золото, серебро, железо, платина, тантал, молибден. По полученным результатам было определено, что наилучшим проводником является серебро, при этом медь и алюминий не сильно уступают ему по характеристикам излучения и эффективности. Наихудшими материалами изготовления проводниковой части антенны являются тантал, железо и платина, так при их применении происходит снижение коэффициента полезного действия антенны, реального коэффициента усиления антенны. В статье представлены графики S-параметров для исследуемых случаев, произведено их сравнение, а также приведены основные характеристики диаграмм направленности и определено влияние на них проводниковых материалов The article considers a Vivaldi antenna, the operating range of which corresponds to the frequencies allocated by the State Commission on Radio Frequencies for fifth generation networks. The use of various conductive materials in the manufacture of the emitter allows one to achieve both economic advantages and the required characteristics of radiation patterns. In the process of modeling, we determined the return losses of the antenna, as well as the influence on them of the material of the conductive part of the antenna, the radiation pattern, and the efficiency. We determined all characteristics by electrodynamic modeling. The study was carried out for conductive materials such as copper, aluminum, gold, silver, iron, platinum, tantalum, molybdenum. Based on the results obtained, we determined that the best conductor is silver, while copper and aluminum are not much inferior to it in terms of radiation and efficiency. The worst materials for the manufacture of the conductive part of the antenna are tantalum, iron and platinum, so when they are used, the efficiency of the antenna, the real gain of the antenna, decreases. The article presents graphs of S-parameters for the cases under study, compares them, and also presents the main characteristics of the directional patterns and determines the effect of conductive material on them

Multi-walled carbon nanotube induced co-continuity of poly(ether ether ketone)/polyimide blends for high performance conductive materials

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (79) ◽  
pp. 42175-42182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Gao ◽  
Shuling Zhang ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Hejing Sun ◽  
Guibin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Poly Ether Ether Ketone ◽  
Ether Ketone

A high performance conductive material was prepared based on MWCNT induced co-continuity of PEEK/TPI blends.

Study on Thermal Conductivity of Metal/Polymer Composites Based on Software ANSYS

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2056-2059
Author(s):  
Fang Qin Yang ◽  
Yang Fu Jin ◽  
Xin Qian
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Thermal Transmission ◽  
Metal Polymer ◽  
Corrosive Resistance

Heat conductive materials, which widely used in the field like electronic information, electrical engineering and aerospace, are required high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, corrosive resistance, chemical stability and so on. In this paper, metal/unsaturated polyester (UP) composite is prepared to use as heat conductive material. Capacity of composite thermal transmission is analyzed by software ANSYS and experiment. The results show that the capacity of composite thermal transmission increases with increasing metal wire diameter and metal thermal conductivity. Average error between simulation and experimental data is 6.08%.

scholarly journals Multi-Point Flexible Temperature Sensor Array and Thermoelectric Generator Made from Copper-Coated Textiles

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3742
Author(s):  
Justus Landsiedel ◽  
Waleri Root ◽  
Noemí Aguiló-Aguayo ◽  
Heinz Duelli ◽  
Thomas Bechtold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Conductive Textile ◽  
Copper Aluminum ◽  
Cellulose Fabrics ◽  
Electrical Connections

The integration of electrical functionality into flexible textile structures requires the development of new concepts for flexible conductive material. Conductive and flexible thin films can be generated on non-conductive textile materials by electroless metal deposition. By electroless copper deposition on lyocell-type cellulose fabrics, thin conductive layers with a thickness of approximately 260 nm were prepared. The total copper content of a textile fabric was analyzed to be 147 mg per g of fabric, so that the textile character of the material remains unchanged, which includes, for example, the flexibility and bendability. The flexible material could be used to manufacture a thermoelectric sensor array and generator. This approach enables the formation of a sensor textile with a large number of individual sensors and, at the same time, a reduction in the number of electrical connections, since the conductive textile serves as a common conductive line for all sensors. In combination with aluminum, thermoelectric coefficients of 3–4 µV/K were obtained, which are comparable with copper/aluminum foil and bulk material. Thermoelectric generators, consisting of six junctions using the same material combinations, led to electric output voltages of 0.4 mV for both setups at a temperature difference of 71 K. The results demonstrate the potential of electroless deposition for the production of thin-film-coated flexible textiles, and represent a key technology to achieve the direct integration of electrical sensors and conductors in non-conductive material.

scholarly journals A measurement method of fifth-generation multiple-input multiple-output antenna based on microwave imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 155014772093714
Author(s):  
Hangyu Chen ◽  
Jingcheng Zhao ◽  
Tao Hong ◽  
Shuli Zheng ◽  
Haohui Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Microwave Imaging ◽  
Output Measurement ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Output Element ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Vivaldi Antenna ◽  
Measurement Efficiency

An increase in the quantity and density of antenna elements increases the mismatched failure rate and measurement difficulty of the multiple-input multiple-output. To simplify the measurement method of the S11 parameter utilizing the traditional vector network analyzer, this article proposes a multiple-input multiple-output measurement method based on microwave imaging. The multiple-input multiple-output element was designed, and then the existence of mismatched scattering of the mismatched state through microwave one-dimensional and two-dimensional imaging simulations was verified. A wideband Vivaldi antenna was designed for measurement imaging verification. The research results show that the proposed method is capable of detecting the mismatched scattering of mismatched elements as well as accurately locating the mismatched elements and mismatched position of circuits behind the element, which improves the measurement efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of Electromagnetic Damping on System Performance of Voice-Coil Actuator Applied to Balancing-Type Scale

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Abdullah ◽  
Jung-Hwan Ahn ◽  
Hwa-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Weight System ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Electromagnetic Damping ◽  
Force Compensation ◽  
Voice Coil Actuator

Changing a time-varying magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF) in non-magnetic conductive materials, resulting in an eddy current across the conductor. Thus, electromagnetic damping can be used as viscous damping. This study theoretically and experimentally investigates the electromagnetic damping characteristics of a bobbin-wounded coil with an attached cantilever beam floating over a permanent magnet; the beam is balanced by electromagnetic force compensation (EMFC) instead of applied weight. System identification is carried out for the mass (m), damping coefficient (c), and spring constant (k) values. The presence of a back EMF seen in either conductive or non-conductive material responses in the experiments includes the step input and corresponding output responses to measure the electromagnetic damping force with and without a voice-coil actuator (VCA). The results were validated using bobbins of conductive (aluminum) and non-conductive (plastic) materials. The experimental results for the conductive material show that the electromagnetic damping force is 10 times greater than that of the non-conductive material; the opposite was true in the case without a VCA, where the force was almost zero for the non-conductive material. In conclusion, conductivity is directly related to the electromagnetic damping force, which affects the performance of a VCA.

The Effect of EDM Die-Sinking Parameters on Non-Conductive Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 903 ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amran Ali ◽  
Laily Suraya ◽  
Nor Assyura ◽  
Nur Izan Syahriah Hussein ◽  
Mohd Razali Muhamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Copper Electrode ◽  
Tool Electrode ◽  
Metal Insert ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time

The machining ability of electrical discharge machining (EDM) die-sinking on acrylic as non-conductive material was studied. The objective of the study is to establish a new setup to machine a non-conductive material by using EDM die-sinking. Acrylic plastic material was selected as to represent the other groups of non-conductive materials. The experiment was conducted using a discharge sinking machine with copper as the tool electrode. Metal insert as conductive material was plug-in into acrylic workpiece. Polarity of the setup was set to positive at the copper electrode and negative at the plug-in metal insert. The variable input parameters such as electric discharge current, voltage, pulse on time and pulse off time had been observed to review machinibility of die-sinking EDM by taking the overcut and taper of sidewall of holes produced. It was found that the highest current supply during machining, the deepest hole occurred on the acrylic workpiece. Thus, the new method purposed on this study proved that non-conductive material can be machined using the EDM die-sinking.

scholarly journals An overview of mineral resources of Pakistan

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Iron Platinum ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Fuller’S Earth ◽  
Mineral Commodities ◽  
Near Future

Before independence only a few mineral commodities were mined in Pakistan. But at present, the Geological Survey of Pakistan has identified favourable areas of mineralization of aluminium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, iron, platinum and tungsten. Similarly, very large deposits of industrial minerals such as gypsum, anhydride, limestone, dolomite, building stones, rock salt, silica sand, barite, fuller's earth, industrial clays and soap stone and medium sized resources of magnesite, china clay, and bentonite occur in the country. Recent discovery of over 175 billion tonnes of good quality lignite in the Thar coal field has put Pakistan into 11th position in the world among the countries with large coal deposits. After exploitation of these resources Pakistan would be an important mineral producer in near future. This paper briefly presents the overview of mineral resources of Pakistan and also describes the status of metallic and non-metallic minerals.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Conductive Materials into Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hong Min ◽  
Won-Gun Koh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Conductive Material ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Conductive Hydrogel ◽  
Conductive Hydrogels ◽  
Electrical Properties Of Tissues

In the field of tissue engineering, conductive hydrogels have been the most effective biomaterials to mimic the biological and electrical properties of tissues in the human body. The main advantages of conductive hydrogel include not only its physical properties, but also its adequate electrical properties, thus providing electrical signals to cells efficiently. However, when introducing a conductive material into a non-conductive hydrogel, a conflicting relationship between the electrical and mechanical properties may develop. This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of the generation of conductive hydrogels using various conductive materials and introduces the use of these conductive hydrogels in tissue engineering applications.

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