Development of two-redundant multi-turn absolute encoder based on small modulus reducer

In order to meet the development needs of aerospace servo technology, the angular displacement sensor, which compact structure, high reliability, and be able to adapt to harsh working environments is used for the measurement and feedback of the high speed of the servo motor output shaft. The design of a two-redundant multi-turn absolute encoder based on a single-turn absolute encoder and a precision small modulus reducer, which realizes the high speed measurement of the servo motor shaft at 8000 rpm. Product performance meets the technical indicators of similar products of HEIDENHAIN encoders, can withstand high temperature, long working life, good dynamic performance, small space and light weight. System test and simulation analysis show that the design technical scheme is effective and feasible, can meet the requirements of the servo system.

High-Temperature Disaster Risk Assessment for Urban Communities: A Case Study in Wuhan, China

High-temperature risk disaster, a common meteorological disaster, seriously affects people’s productivity, life, and health. However, insufficient attention has been paid to this disaster in urban communities. To assess the risk of high-temperature disasters, this study, using remote sensing data and geographic information data, analyzes 973 communities in downtown Wuhan with the geography-weighted regression method. First, the study evaluates the distribution characteristics of high temperatures in communities and explores the spatial differences of risks. Second, a metrics and weight system is constructed, from which the main factors are determined. Third, a risk assessment model of high-temperature disasters is established from disaster-causing danger, disaster-generating sensitivity, and disaster-bearing vulnerability. The results show that: (a) the significance of the impact of the built environment on high-temperature disasters is obviously different from its coefficient space differentiation; (b) the risk in the old city is high, whereas that in the area around the river is low; and (c) different risk areas should design built environment optimization strategies aimed specifically at the area. The significance of this study is that it develops a high-temperature disaster assessment framework for risk identification, impact differentiation, and difference optimization, and provides theoretical support for urban high-temperature disaster prevention and mitigation.

Feasibility Study of an Automated Carbohydrate Estimation System Using Thai Food Images in Comparison With Estimation by Dietitians

Carbohydrate counting is essential for well-controlled blood glucose in people with type 1 diabetes, but to perform it precisely is challenging, especially for Thai foods. Consequently, we developed a deep learning-based system for automatic carbohydrate counting using Thai food images taken from smartphones. The newly constructed Thai food image dataset contained 256,178 ingredient objects with measured weight for 175 food categories among 75,232 images. These were used to train object detector and weight estimator algorithms. After training, the system had a Top-1 accuracy of 80.9% and a root mean square error (RMSE) for carbohydrate estimation of <10 g in the test dataset. Another set of 20 images, which contained 48 food items in total, was used to compare the accuracy of carbohydrate estimations between measured weight, system estimation, and eight experienced registered dietitians (RDs). System estimation error was 4%, while estimation errors from nearest, lowest, and highest carbohydrate among RDs were 0.7, 25.5, and 7.6%, respectively. The RMSE for carbohydrate estimations of the system and the lowest RD were 9.4 and 10.2, respectively. The system could perform with an estimation error of <10 g for 13/20 images, which placed it third behind only two of the best performing RDs: RD1 (15/20 images) and RD5 (14/20 images). Hence, the system was satisfactory in terms of accurately estimating carbohydrate content, with results being comparable with those of experienced dietitians.

Object Detection System Using K-Means Clustering

Object Detection is one of the most popular applications in the branch of computer vision. While accuracy has always been the focus, focus has gradually also shifted to lightweight models. In this paper we propose a light weight system where object classification is not required but only object detection using clustering methods.

Constructing Assessment Indicators Weight System of Digital Business Chinese Materials

Learning business Chinese through digital materials has become an inevitable tendency with the growth of the internet and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the increasing research-based publications and practices relating to Chinese language textbooks, there is a dearth of assessment indicators weight systems constructed by alternative research tools and statistical methods to evaluate the quality of the growing digital business Chinese materials. To the best of our knowledge, no literature review has been published on using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to construct the assessment indicators of digital business Chinese materials. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by reviewing the existing, but limited, literature and providing recommendations for developing a checklist—based on the assessment indicators weight system—to evaluate digital business Chinese materials. The preliminary PC2U (Production, Content, Use, and Usefulness) assessment indicators are constructed based on the current research on business Chinese, CLTML, and relevant assessment indicators. In addition, the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) is used to construct the weight system. The results show that it is crucial to prioritize the access of digital business Chinese content. Of the three criteria in the content dimension, learning needs and credibility are equally important, and both are more important than data update. The assessment indicators are not only beneficial to fill the knowledge gap on business Chinese research, but also helpful for publishers and teachers to compile and select high quality digital business Chinese materials.

Metal-smithy, Bead-making, Gemstones, Jeweller’s Weight, Trade-permits, Tax-stamps: Indus Script’s Semasiography Partly Decoded

This paper claims to have partly decoded the Indus script. It not only explains how the brief formulaic inscriptions found on seals and tablets helped in taxation and trade control, by recording taxed commodity-types, licensed commercial activities, tax-rates, mode of tax-payment, license-issuing entities etc., but also decisively identifies several semasiograms signifying metal-smithy, lapidary-works, related metrology and taxation. It shows how the sign resembling a “blowpipe inside a crucible”, repeatedly occurs in inscribed seals/tablets discovered from workshops of metal-workers, goldsmiths and bead-makers, and directly occurs on certain inscribed gold and copper implements. Crucibles and blowpipes being ancient smelting tools, their ideograms ( , , ) denoted gold-smithy in Egyptian hieroglyphs too. Moreover, certain Indo-Aryan and Dravidian words for metal-smith directly translates to “blowpipe-blower”. Thus archaeological, script-internal and linguistic evidence confirm that sign signified precious metals and metal-smithy in different contexts. Similarly, fish-like signs ( , , etc.), which repeatedly occur in inscriptions discovered from bead-makers’ and jewelers’ workshops across Indus settlements, arguably signified meanings associated with gemstones, bead-making and related metrological standards. Interestingly, in Proto-Dravidian, “mīn” means fish, shining, bright, and gemstone. Moreover, Indus valley’s eye-patterned gemstone beads were famous as “fish-eye beads” in Mesopotamia. The gemstone related fish-signs sometimes co-occur with , possibly because, the bead-makers and goldsmiths, who physically shared same workshops, were part of related trade license and taxation mechanisms. This paper also claims that the frequent terminal signs symbolized different volumetric ( ) and weight-based ( ) metrological units used in revenue collection and thus metonymically signified certain tax categories. Specifically, the terminal arrow-like sign , which mostly co-occurs with gemstone and gold-smithy related semasiograms, arguably symbolized a goldsmith’s balance, and metonymically signified tax-payments and trade-permits associated with precious commodities. Since ancient assay balances generally used arrow-like pointers for precise weight measurement (a comparable balance is discovered from Harappa), Indic words for assay balance (eṣaṇī, nārācī) are often etymologically rooted to arrow-words. This study claims that sign (allograph ), symbolized the abrus precatorious seeds, the traditional Indian jeweller’s weight, and metonymically signified goldsmith’s weight system and treasury. Many other related conjectures of this study significantly advance our understanding of Indus script.

Development of a cure model for the estimation of long-term outcomes in patients with microsatellite instability(MSI)-high metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

87 Background: Anti-PD-(L)1-based therapy yielded unprecedented efficacy in patients with MSI-high mCRC. A relevant proportion of subjects may achieve long-term disease control when receiving ICIs, particularly anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 combo. However, some patients still experience treatment refractoriness or short-term clinical benefit. Methods: We analyzed data of 163 patients with MSI-high mCRC treated with anti-PD-1 +/- anti-CTLA-4 agents. The endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); multivariable analyses were performed using a cure model (Othus et al, CCR 2012), which allows to test which factors, including ICI type, could identify patients achieving long-term disease control. To account for biases consistent with non-random ICI assignment, we estimated a propensity score (covariates: ECOG PS, age, sex, primary tumor location, its resection, adjuvant treatment, synchronous presentation of mets, mucinous histotype, RAS/BRAF status, n. prior treatment lines, previous chemo, n. metastatic sites, presence of peritoneal, lung, liver, bone, brain, nodal mets), and then in the cure model we applied an inverse-probability-of-treatment-weight (IPTW) based on propensity score. A beforehand variable selection was operated using a random survival forest (RSF) model (RSF covariates: all the propensity score covariates plus ICI line and ICI type, platelets count (PLT), NLR, LDH), where we introduced a weight system in order to adjust variable selection net of ICI type. Results: RFS selected 5 variables: ICI type, ECOG PS, NLR, PLT and N. prior lines, the combination of which allowed to estimate the cure probability: the higher the probability the greater the chance of achieving long-term disease control. The Table shows the odds ratio estimates, defining the chance of being “cured” according to the values of the selected variables. ICI type was significantly associated with long-term disease control: patients treated with anti CTLA-4-combo achieved the highest chance of being cured, 3.41 times greater than the chance of patients treated with anti PD-1 mono. The median cure probability was as higher as 70.1% (IQR: 51.9-81.0%) with CTLA-4-combo vs 34.8% (IQR: 18.4-51.9%) with anti-PD-1 mono; the probability within treatment groups was varying according to ECOG PS, NLR, PLT and n. prior lines. Conclusions: Based on 5 variables including the ICI treatment type, a nomogram was built in order to estimate the cure probability in patients with MSI-high mCRC and potentially assist clinicians in their clinical practice. [Table: see text]