scholarly journals An overview of mineral resources of Pakistan

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Iron Platinum ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Fuller’S Earth ◽  
Mineral Commodities ◽  
Near Future

Before independence only a few mineral commodities were mined in Pakistan. But at present, the Geological Survey of Pakistan has identified favourable areas of mineralization of aluminium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, iron, platinum and tungsten. Similarly, very large deposits of industrial minerals such as gypsum, anhydride, limestone, dolomite, building stones, rock salt, silica sand, barite, fuller's earth, industrial clays and soap stone and medium sized resources of magnesite, china clay, and bentonite occur in the country. Recent discovery of over 175 billion tonnes of good quality lignite in the Thar coal field has put Pakistan into 11th position in the world among the countries with large coal deposits. After exploitation of these resources Pakistan would be an important mineral producer in near future. This paper briefly presents the overview of mineral resources of Pakistan and also describes the status of metallic and non-metallic minerals.

TRENDS IN MINERAL COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT AT THE TURN OF THE CENTUARY

2018 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
A. L. Dergachev ◽  
V. I. Starostin
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Mineral Commodities ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Mineral Base

Important trends in development of world's mineral complex at the beginning of the 21st century are increase of supply and demand for mineral materials differentiated for various metals and nonmetallic mineral resources, regions and countries; concentration of production of mineral commodities in small number of countries; falling availability of economic reserves of raw materials for world economy even at current level of material extraction. The tendencies should be taken into account when working out strategy of development of Russian mineral base.

scholarly journals On the Measures to Solve Environmental Problems of the Territory with Intensive Open Pit Coal Mining

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gvozdkova ◽  
Pawel Stefanek ◽  
Michaela Koščová
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Suitable Form

Ecological problems in the open pit mining of coal deposits are extremely hard, since mining operations are accompanied by disturbed land to a large depth with significant changes in the landscape, hydrometeorological conditions, mixing of rocks and removal of infertile or even harmful rocks with radioactive isotopes to the surface. Disturbed lands are unusable if they are not repaired. All man-made disturbances of the environment caused by open pit mining are divided into landscape (changes in terrain, vegetation and soil cover) and environmental (violation of living conditions within the allotment and adjacent lands: changes in water regime, pollution of the soil, air and water basins) onesOne of the most important areas in the field of environmental protection is the reclamation (restoration) of the earth’s surface. In accordance with the requirements of the protection of the subsoil, enterprises engaged in the development of mineral deposits are obliged at their own expense to bring disturbed lands into a state suitable form for their further use. Reclamation of ought to be carried out during open pit mining operations and must be completed after mining of mineral resources in the terms established by the authorities that provide land for use.

The world's lead-zinc mineral resources: Scarcity, data, issues and opportunities

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 1160-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin M. Mudd ◽  
Simon M. Jowitt ◽  
Timothy T. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Lead Zinc

Part I. Friction of metals - Influence of oxide films on metallic friction

1952 ◽  
Vol 212 (1111) ◽  
pp. 450-452 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Damage ◽  
Metallic Contact ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Natural Oxide ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Relative Hardness ◽  
Metallic Friction

The mechanism of metallic friction, in air, has been investigated for loads ranging from 0.003 to 10000 g. The metals studied include platinum, gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, magnesium, aluminium and chromium. The earlier work of Whitehead has been extended and simultaneous measurements made of the frictional force and the electrical resistance between the sliding surfaces. The results show that with most metals the natural oxide layer is sufficient to prevent metallic contact at very small loads. The degree of protection depends on a number of factors, such as the surface roughness, the thickness of the oxide film and in particular on the relative hardness of the oxide and the metal substrate. When sliding occurs solely on the oxide layers the friction is not necessarily less than that observed when appreciable metallic contact occurs. The surface damage is, however, greatly diminished on account of the reduced metallic interaction.

scholarly journals Mineragenic Position and Geological Potential of Technogenic- Mineral Formations of the Gold-Silver Deposit Valunistoe (Сhukotka Autonomous Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-191
Author(s):  
V.N. Goldyrev ◽  
◽  
V.A. Naumov ◽  
O.B. Naumova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Silver Deposit ◽  
Mineral Formation ◽  
Secondary Mineral ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Useful Components ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Solid Part ◽  
Physical And Chemical

In the coming years, the mine of LLC "Rudnik Valunisty" developing the gold and silver Valunistoe and Gornoye deposits will exhaust economically justified reserves. One of the ways to extend the life of the mine and increase the profitability of production should be the extraction of man-made secondary mineral resources. The purpose of the study is to identify the main types of solid and hydromineral form of technogenic-mineral formations at the Valunistoe Deposit, as well as to estimate the possibility of their industrial development. The useful components content was determined and calculated. The results of theoretical modeling of physical and chemical parameters of hypergenic mineral formation of the solid part of technogenic-mineral formations are shown. Objects of formation of technological waters are given. The conditions of concentration of gold and other metals are considered.

The Devil is in the Detail

2019 ◽  
pp. 167-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Jetschke ◽  
Pascal Abb
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
International Authority ◽  
The Status ◽  
Congruence Analysis ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Devil

This chapter addresses the authority of the United Nations Security Council and its politicization by the BRICS. In particular, it explores the patterns of contestation for the reform of the United Nations Security Council and the Responsibility to Protect. How do the BRICS position themselves towards these two issues and how do they justify their demands? Do they build a challengers’ coalition? Using, first, a qualitative analysis of BRICS statements and, second, congruence analysis, this chapter maps and explains the positions of BRICS states on UNSC reform and R2P. We find that BRICS’ individual positions show a convergence on the basic contours of UNSC reform and R2P. The contestation pattern clearly indicates that this group favours the UNSC having strong international authority and also that they share concerns about the liberal content of the UNSC. While there is a strong tendency towards convergence on the one hand, BRICS strongly disagree on the details of the reform of the UNSC—as well as on the implementation of R2P on the other. These differences are so strong that they are unlikely to be resolved in the near future. Congruence analysis shows that power transition theory best explains their agreement ‘in principle’, but that none of the available theories explain their disagreement ‘in detail’. We conclude that, as things stand, the BRICS do not pose a challenge to the status quo in governance within the field of international security.

scholarly journals The High-Resolution Digital-Beamforming Airborne SAR System DBFSAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Reigber ◽  
Eric Schreiber ◽  
Kurt Trappschuh ◽  
Sebastian Pasch ◽  
Gerhard Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Digital Beamforming ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
X Band ◽  
The Status ◽  
Airborne Sar ◽  
German Aerospace ◽  
Near Future

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an established remote sensing technique that can robustly provide high-resolution imagery of the Earth’s surface. However, current space-borne SAR systems are limited, as a matter of principle, in achieving high azimuth resolution and a large swath width at the same time. Digital beamforming (DBF) has been identified as a key technology for resolving this limitation and provides various other advantages, such as an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or the adaptive suppression of radio interference (RFI). Airborne SAR sensors with digital beamforming capabilities are essential tools to research and validate this important technology for later implementation on a satellite. Currently, the Microwaves and Radar Institute of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is developing a new advanced high-resolution airborne SAR system with digital beamforming capabilities, the so-called DBFSAR, which is planned to supplement its operational F-SAR system in near future. It is operating at X-band and features 12 simultaneous receive and 4 sequential transmit channels with 1.8 GHz bandwidth each, flexible DBF antenna setups and is equipped with a high-precision navigation and positioning unit. This paper aims to present the DBFSAR sensor development, including its radar front-end, its digital back-end, the foreseen DBF antenna configuration and the intended calibration strategy. To analyse the status, performance, and calibration quality of the DBFSAR system, this paper also includes some first in-flight results in interferometric and multi-channel marine configurations. They demonstrate the excellent performance of the DBFSAR system during its first flight campaigns.

A Portable Slurry Wear Test for the Field

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Processing Site

A new portable slurry wear test apparatus developed by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, makes it possible to gather materials wear and corrosion data at a mineral processing site. The portable wear cell is identical in design to a laboratory cell reported previously. It allows simultaneous evaluation of 16 specimens in a continuous flow of fresh slurry. Data obtained from selected metals and polymers showed high-chromium white cast irons to perform particularly well in tests with an aqueous lead-zinc sulfide ore slurry. However, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene that exhibited superior wear resistance in comparable laboratory tests with an aqueous slurry of silica sand did not perform as well in field tests. Such results show how misleading it can be to use laboratory data to predict relative rates of wear in industrial slurries, even under nominally identical flow conditions. Field testing is therefore needed. In situ electrochemical corrosion measurements on a low-alloy steel showed that the field and laboratory slurries were similarly corrosive.

Socioeconomic Development in Balochistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
Naveeda Erum ◽  
Naima Saeed ◽  
Tansif Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
The Government ◽  
Juniper Forests

Balochistan has witnessed rapid social change since the 1970s. These changes were augmented by the national and international political situation. The traditional, tribal, and largely pastoral nomadic society of Balochistan gradually transformed into a modernizing agrarian society. On 1st July 1970, when ‘One Unit' was dissolved, Balochistan gained the status of a province and the bureaucratic expansion required educated work force. Thus, the Government of Pakistan expanded educational facilities in Balochistan, but this expansion continued at a very slow pace. Unfortunately, Balochistan is still the most backward province in terms of socioeconomic development in Pakistan. Though, it is the largest province in Pakistan, almost 44% of Pakistan's total area. It also possesses one of the largest blocks of juniper forests in the world. Along with it, Balochistan is rich in biodiversity and possess natural resources in abundance, like copper, gold, lead, zinc, iron, coal, and marble. This article focuses on the various factors affecting the socioeconomic development in Balochistan.

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