scholarly journals PUBLIC INVESTMENT ON HEALTH SERVICES AND ITS DETERMINANTS IN MIZORAM: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Dr.Lalfakawmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
The Government

The health of human capital generates both higher income and individual well-being. Improved health generates economic growth and poverty reduction in the long- run. Good health is universally acknowledge being of intrinsic value and, therefore, constitutes an integral element of development. The expenditure on health is revealed as a kind of investment in human capital. Government has almost exclusive responsibility for providing public goods that create large positive externalities. Despite differences of opinion about the role of the government in health care, it seems that there is unanimity of view that universal access and equity are dependent on the government financial support of basic health care. The access to health services has to be need and state specific, depending on the socio-economic conditions, health outcomes and administrative capacity. Attempt is made in this paper to analyze the growth of public investment on health services and its determinants in Mizoram. The study shows that there has been commendable growth of public investment on health services, both in current and constant prices. It is further observed that there is more than proportional increase of public health expenditures with respect to population, while it is almost proportional to total budget of the state, and less than proportional to GSDP. KEYWORDS: health services, economic growth, public investment/expenditure, determinants.

Managing Health at District Level: A Framework for Enhancing Programme Implementation in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Natasha Dawa ◽  
Thelma Narayan ◽  
Jai Prakash Narain
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
National Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
District Level ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Quality Health Care

COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the fore the need for a strong health system for the social protection of people and to improve health programme implementation in the coming years. India has made great progress in health over the past 50 years; however, despite the progress made, it is faced with several challenges. While infectious diseases remain an unfinished agenda, chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising and are now the leading cause of mortality in the country. This is further compounded by the prevailing inequalities in access to quality health care among population groups including those living in remote rural areas. To achieve Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, India in 2017 revised its National Health Policy and committed itself to attain the highest possible level of good health and well-being, through preventive and promotive health interventions. While policies are enunciated and plans are formulated, the implementation at ground level is at best tardy and lack lustre As an administrative unit for programme implementation, a district has a key role to play in implementing national programmes and in delivery of basic health services to the people. They are strategically placed to plan, organise and lead efforts meant to deliver primary health care services through better management of existing resources and by fully engaging all relevant stakeholders in contributing towards achievement of national health goals and in responding to a public health emergency such as Covid-19. Planning and managing health problems need an improved and responsive health governance. Strategic planning, monitoring and evaluation require integration and coordination of various health programmes including dealing with health crises, fostering inter-sectoral involvement and engagement of the community as a key actor. Efforts are needed to ensure that services reach the most vulnerable and marginalised sections of the society. Adequate governance support at district level through a whole-of-society approach is essential to bridge the health inequities and ensure equitable access to health services.

scholarly journals Russian healthcare in the context of achieving universal access to health services by 2030

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Irina P. Katkova
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Parallel Increase ◽  
The Government

The article presents the results of an analysis of data from global monitoring systems and international studies for the period 2000-2017, reflecting the trends in our country's movement towards universal health coverage (UHC) and a reduction in catastrophic medical expenses paid by patients from their own funds within the framework of the tasks for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. It is emphasized that for our country it is of great interest to adapt the successful experience of developed and actively developing countries in using targeted integrated strategies for development of UHC programs aimed at giving priority to health in the system of public financing measures. This is confirmed by the data that for the period 2000-2017 against the background of an increase in the share of replacing the missing state funds with cash funds of citizens in the total health budget of our country from 30% to 40%, there was a parallel increase in the number of households, in the structure of the budgets of which the share of health expenditures exceeded 10% of their total financial resources. According to the analysis of monitoring data, the increase in the number of Russian families with this form of catastrophic costs of medical care reached in 2018 the number of 7,532,579 cases with a prevalence rate of 5.23%. These indicators are higher than the data levels for 1997 by more than 2.2 and 2.1 times, respectively. At the same time, the risk of financial catastrophe for families due to the need to seek surgical care in 2018 was noted in 21.3% of cases (WB, 2019). The study emphasizes the importance of scientific assessment of the consequences and prospects for the increased participation of private commercial institutions in implementation of the government program of the State guarantees of free medical assistance to citizens. The significance of such a study is due to the trends of increasing volume of the market for provision of disparate medical services and the need, therefore, to develop optimal intersectoral strategic approaches to development of both the public healthcare system and commercial medicine in the interests of ensuring health and well-being of the population.

Health Cadres Commitmentin Child Health Care in Moslem Society of Banyumas District

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Umi Solikhah ◽  
Hari Kusnanto ◽  
Fitri Haryanti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Child Health Care ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Social Esteem ◽  
The Government

Community empowerment with regard to maternal and child health services at the community level carried out by cadre.Cadre is health volunteers, selected by the community.404 number of active cadres in primary health care of South Purwokerto entirely female, although it may be a cadre of men. Active cadre toddler actively providing services every month for child before 5 years age. Interest to know the various reasons committed cadres in performing their duties. The method used is qualitative study,to describe a variety of reasons commitment to perform cadre duties in child health care. Retrieving data using interview techniques through the focus group discussion. Data from 30 cadres.Results of interviews taken until the data saturation, as a reason believed by cadres in the commitment to carry out tasks of serving the Muslim community. Characteristic respondent are mean of age 38 years (the youngest age of 25 years and the oldest 55 years old), a 100% Islamic religion, level of education majority of senior high school(at least primary school). Educational level health cadres in Banyumas has met the minimum requirements by the WHO.Results of the analysis showed thatcommitment includes a cadre of dedicated, caring community, a desire to learn, social esteem, individual satisfaction, togetherness, organization, and spirituality. The spirit of cadre to the community need the attention of the government for development and prosperity in accordance with their duties.Spiritual reasons become one of the motivations in providing health services to the community, albeit to a spirit of dedication and a great desire to learn. Cadres continue to provide services, even to families with different spiritual.

Public Financing of Human Development in India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Sacchidananda Mukherjee ◽  
Shivani Badola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Financing ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

Role of public financing of human development (HD) is inevitable, especially for developing countries like India where access to resources and economic opportunities are not equitably distributed among people. Governments aim to achieve equity in distribution of resources through allocative and redistributive policies whereas macroeconomic stabilisation policies aim to achieve higher economic growth and stability in the price level. Expenditure policies of the governments envisage in delivering larger public goods and services to enable people to take part in economic activities by investing in human capital and infrastructure developments. Progressivity of the tax system helps in achieving equity by redistribution of resources among people. Being merit goods, expenditures on education, health, and poverty eradication make it a case for public investment which empowers people to improve human capital. The benefit of universal economic participation is expected to contribute in larger mobilisation of public resources over time. Lack of economic opportunities and earning a respectable income may increase dependence on public transfers which may reduce fiscal space of the governments to finance programmes to promote overall economic growth. The objective of this article is to review existing studies on public financing of HD in India and highlight emerging challenges.

Cuba's “Equity without Growth” Dilemma and the 2011 Lineamientos

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Bicycle Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sectors

Abstract Cuba faces a development dilemma: it promotes equity and human capital while failing to deliver economic growth. For the government, the country's equity and human capital achievements are a source of pride, a sign that its priorities are right. This essay argues instead that this “equity without growth” dilemma is a sign of malaise. Theory and evidence suggest that high levels of equity and human capital should produce high levels of economic growth. Because growth is often weak or negative, some onerous barriers to development must be present. These barriers, it is argued, are restrictions on property and political rights. By comparing Cuba and China across two sectors, the bicycle industry and Internet access, this article shows how these restrictions have hindered growth. It also assesses how Cuba's latest economic reforms, the so-called Lineamientos, will address Cuba's development dilemma. The impact may be minimal, but perhaps more lasting than previous reforms.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic profile of child and adolescent users of oral health services in Victoria, Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1903-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rodrigo ◽  
Hanny Calache ◽  
Martin Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Oral Health Services

The aim of this study was to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of the eligible population of users of public oral health care services in the Australian state of Victoria, aged 17 years or younger. The study was conducted as a secondary analysis of data collected from July 2008 to June 2009 for 45,728 young clients of public oral health care. The sample mean age was 8.9 (SD: 3.5) years. The majority (82.7%) was between 6 and 17 years of age, and 50.3% were males. The majority (76.6%) was Australian-born and spoke English at home (89.1%). The overall mean DMFT was 1.0 (SD: 2.1) teeth, with a mean dmft of 3.16 (SD: 5.79) teeth. Data indicate that, among six year olds in the Significant Caries Index (SiC) category, the mean dmft was 6.82 teeth. Findings corroborate social inequalities in oral health outcome and provide suggestions for oral health services to develop strategies and priorities to reduce inequalities in health and well-being, and better coordinate and target services to local needs.

scholarly journals Enhancing rural livelihoods in Tanza-nia : A small-holder farmers’ perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Kinyondo ◽  
Joseph Magashi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Holder Farmers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Holder

Poverty reduction has been a difficult milestone for Tanzania to achieve despite recording remarkable economic growth over the past decade. This is because the attained growth is not inclusive, in that sectors contributing to this growth employ fewer people. Given the fact that agriculture continues to employ the majority of people in Tanzania, efforts to improve livelihoods should necessarily be geared towards transforming the sector. It is in this context that using a sample of 3,000 farmers from 13 regions of Tanzania; this Tanzania, this study set out to examine challenges facing farmers and their respective solutions following the sustainable livelihood framework. Findings show that improving farmers’ livelihoods would entail concerted efforts by the government to avail to farmers, quality and affordable seeds, fertilizer, agricultural infrastructures, subsidies, extension services, markets, information alert, affordable loans, and areas for pastures. This implies that the government needs to allocate enough funds to the agricultural sector if farmers’ needs are to be met. We note, however, that government’s allocation to the sector has alarmingly generally been exhibiting a declining trend for the past four years. It is against this background that we strongly recommend that the government rethinks its position and prioritize the agricultural sector in its budget.

scholarly journals The Effects of Human Capital by Gender on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahidan Shaari ◽  
Razinda Tasnim Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nor Hidayah Harun ◽  
Faiz Masnan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Male Labour

The issue of human capital by gender has been sparsely discussed in previous literature especially male labour force. The contribution of both genders to economic growth has intensified every year. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of human capital by gender on economic growth in Malaysia. Data ranging from 1982 to 2018 were analysed by using the ARDL approach. The results show that higher male labour force participation rates can boost economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Higher female labour force participation rates, on the other hand, can reduce economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Therefore, the government should encourage more male labour to participate in the labour market by giving incentives. More job opportunities should be created for both genders.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Access on the perspective of adult users of Primary Health Care in Fortaleza, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Borges Costa ◽  
C Salles Gazeta Vieira Fernandes ◽  
T Custódio Mota ◽  
E Torquato Santos ◽  
M Moura de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health System ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Care Assessment ◽  
The City

Abstract The Alma-Ata Conference promoted Primary Health Care (PHC) worldwide as a form of universal and continuous access to quality and effective health services. In Brazil, PHC, through the Family Health Strategy (FHS), aims to be the gateway to the health system and its structuring axis. For this, it is necessary to promote access, an essential condition for the quality of health care services, following the attributes systematized by Barbara Starfield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the attribute “First Contact Access” on the perspective of adult users of public PHC services in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. A transversal study was carried out, in 19 PHC Units, from June to December 2019, using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) Brazil version for adult users. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. 233 users participated, mostly women (69.5%), aged 30 to 59 years old (55.3%), mixed-race (69.5%), with complete high school (38.2%), without private health coverage (89.3%), homeowners (68.7%) and belonging to families of up to 4 members (87.9%). The “Accessibility” component had the lowest score, 2.83, and the “Utilization” had the highest score, 8.06. Older age was associated with higher “Accessibility” scores (p = 0,018), while lower values of “Utilization” were associated with higher education (p = 0,004). The main problems observed were: low access for acute demand consultations, lack of access at nighttime and weekends, little access through non-personal ways, bureaucratic barriers and a long time for scheduling appointments. We conclude that, although there was an improvement in PHC coverage in the city over the years, mainly due to FHS, there is still a lot to improve to ensure timely access to health services. Key messages Users consider PHC as the usual source of care, demonstrated by the high score of 'Utilization', however, they are unable to use it when necessary, demonstrated by the low score of 'Accessibility'. Expanding forms of access is essential to contribute to the strengthening of PHC in Fortaleza, Brazil, facilitating the entry to its national Universal Health System.

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