GENERAL THEORY OF LINGUISTIC VARIATION

EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD) ◽

10.36713/epra6058 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-21

Author(s):

Sultanova Sevara ◽

Alimov Timur

Keyword(s):

General Theory ◽

Key Words ◽

Linguistic Variation ◽

Close Attention ◽

Theoretical Terms ◽

Language Functioning ◽

Long Time ◽

The Subject ◽

Linguistic Units ◽

Comprehensive Study

At this stage in the development of linguistics, a special place is occupied by the theory of variability, which for a long time has attracted the close attention of linguists. In order to understand the principles of development of diachrony and synchronicity of the functioning of the language, it is necessary to understand the deep and comprehensive study of variance. In the last decade, the subject of interest of most linguists is the problem of variance and variability, and in theoretical terms it has not yet been studied. KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS: variance, variability, variant / invariant, language functioning, linguistic units, synchronicity and diachrony.

Intermediary and Intermediation

Global Intermediation and Logistics Service Providers - Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2133-4.ch001 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laurence Saglietto

Keyword(s):

General Theory ◽

State Of The Art ◽

The State ◽

Historical Evolution ◽

Comprehensive View ◽

Long Time ◽

The Subject ◽

Similarities And Differences

The concept of intermediation has existed for a long time and taken numerous different forms. In this introductory chapter, we will therefore start by examining the state of the art of intermediaries through a range of different disciplines (history, management, economics, health, sociology), highlighting their historical evolution and current forms. We will then present the different models and theories of intermediation and their development, to produce an appreciation of their similarities and differences and a comprehensive view of the subject. This will allow us, in the last section, to propose the framework for a general theory of intermediation, in terms of organisational architecture and the services provided.

ORTHODOX COLLECTIONS IN THE FUNDS OF THE MUSEUM OF ARCHEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY OF THE IEI UFRC RAS

Izvestia Ufimskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra RAN ◽

10.31040/2222-8349-2021-0-3-113-118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (3) ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

R.M. MUKHAMETZYANOVA-DUGGAL ◽

◽

D.A. EFIMOV ◽

Keyword(s):

Significant Contribution ◽

Southern Urals ◽

Qualitative Composition ◽

The Southern Urals ◽

Material Sources ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject ◽

Historical Past ◽

Comprehensive Study

The article analyzes the quantitative and qualitative composition of the collection of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of the R.G. Kuzeev Institute for Ethnological Research of the UFRC RAS (MAE IEI UFRC RAS) related to Orthodoxy. It is noted that these items were collected as a result of ethnographic expeditions, donations and purchases, are stored and studied for a long time. The article provides information about the history of the appearance, methods of use, as well as what these objects carried and carry meaning in the religious life of the peoples of Bashkortostan. The conclusion is formulated, according to which, the objects of religious cults from the collection of the MAE are mainly represented by material and pictorial documents. Pictorial sources include icons depicting St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Tabyn Mother of God, especially revered in the Southern Urals, saints and sculptural images of the crucifixions of Christ. The material or material sources include crosses (body, altar), items of church utensils, vestments of priests, etc. In general, the objects of religious cults of the peoples of the Southern Urals are a kind of document, evidence reflecting the historical past of the region. The introduction of museum sources into scientific circulation, their comprehensive study will significantly expand and supplement the source base of research. At the same time, the development of the main problems of preservation, use and interpretation of these sources should become the subject of independent scientific research, which can make a significant contribution to the understanding of the cultural heritage of the Southern Urals, Bashkortostan in particular.

To the question on studying national versions of multinational languages (on the example of Mexican national version of Spanish)

Litera ◽

10.25136/2409-8698.2020.9.33693 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 121-128

Author(s):

Vladimir Mikhailovich Shakhnazaryan

Keyword(s):

Linguistic Variation ◽

Cultural Model ◽

Relevant Question ◽

Current State ◽

Starting Point ◽

Statics And Dynamics ◽

The Subject ◽

Linguistic Units ◽

Romance Philology

This article is dedicated to examination of the currently relevant question of linguistic variation. The goal consists in the analysis of key approaches towards studying the peculiarities of Mexican national version of Spanish. The subject of this research is the specificities of systemic, logical, linguistic, and cognitive-pragmatic approaches towards studying national versions of multinational languages. The starting point is the statement that problem of determination and structurization of approaches towards studying separate aspects of the genesis, statics and dynamics (state and functionality) of this national version of the modern Spanish lingual system requires a more detailed and thorough analysis. Within the framework of this article, the author considers the systematic, logical, linguistic, cognitive-pragmatic approaches and their specificity, substantiated by the peculiarities of studying linguistic and speech means of the Mexican national version of Spanish as an independent national-cultural model of the linguistic worldview. Russian and foreign Romance philology has a number of works dedicated to the topic at hand. However, the question of systematization of approaches towards studying separate aspects of development, current state, and national-cultural specificities of functionality of phonetic, lexical, and grammatical linguistic units, which determine the differences between Mexican national version of Spanish and other versions, remains unresolved.

Does Brexit mean Brexit? An analysis of the semantic field of the lexeme Brexit

Crossroads A Journal of English Studies ◽

10.15290/cr.2020.31.4.04 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 66-87

Author(s):

Izabela Sekścińska ◽

◽

Agnieszka Piórkowska ◽

Keyword(s):

Discourse Analysis ◽

Key Words ◽

Field Analysis ◽

Semantic Field ◽

The Subject ◽

Linguistic Units ◽

Lexical Relations

The article presents the results of a discourse analysis of the contextual uses of Brexit. Based on corpus-driven Internet samples, the research employs the method of semantic field analysis devised by Robin (1980) and her team of researchers from the Saint-Cloud Political Lexicography Center. According to Robin, in order to find the meaning of a word, the context of its use must be analysed, as well as its lexical relations with other linguistic units. For this reason, we have divided the elements of the co-text of the lexeme Brexit into six groups, which represent various connections of linguistic items with the SUBJECT, i.e. the lexeme under scrutiny. Subsequently, in compliance with Kłosiński’s approach (1994), we propose the definitions of the SUBJECT which reflect the meanings featuring the actual usages of the lexeme Brexit and which integrate the key words from the semantic field of the concept in question.

An Adaptive and Learning System for Feedback-Controlled Evoked Response Studies

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1635302 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 20 (03) ◽

pp. 169-173

Author(s):

J. Wagner ◽

G. Pfurtscheixer

Keyword(s):

Brain Activity ◽

Evoked Response ◽

Learning System ◽

Time Interval ◽

Electrical Brain Activity ◽

Long Time ◽

The Subject ◽

Eeg Power ◽

Stimulation System ◽

Background Eeg

The shape, latency and amplitude of changes in electrical brain activity related to a stimulus (Evoked Potential) depend both on the stimulus parameters and on the background EEG at the time of stimulation. An adaptive, learnable stimulation system is introduced, whereby the subject is stimulated (e.g. with light), whenever the EEG power is subthreshold and minimal. Additionally, the system is conceived in such a way that a certain number of stimuli could be given within a particular time interval. Related to this time criterion, the threshold specific for each subject is calculated at the beginning of the experiment (preprocessing) and adapted to the EEG power during the processing mode because of long-time fluctuations and trends in the EEG. The process of adaptation is directed by a table which contains the necessary correction numbers for the threshold. Experiences of the stimulation system are reflected in an automatic correction of this table. Because the corrected and improved table is stored after each experiment and is used as the starting table for the next experiment, the system >learns<. The system introduced here can be used both for evoked response studies and for alpha-feedback experiments.

Politeness Strategies in Political Language

LINGUISTIK TERAPAN ◽

10.24114/lt.v12i2.2916 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhamad Isnaini ◽

Busmin Gurning ◽

Edy Setia

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Group Identity ◽

Political Language ◽

Dominant Type ◽

Illocutionary Acts ◽

Politeness Strategies ◽

The Subject ◽

Positive Strategy ◽

Distance Relationship ◽

Negative Strategy

This study deals with politeness strategies in political language. The aim of the study is to describe how Indonesian politicians realize politeness in their language. The subject was taken nine parties who have representatives. They come from different parties: Democrat, Golkar, PDIP, PKS, PPP, PKB, PAN, Gerindra and Hanura. Data were classified and verified with reference to the criteria of politeness strategies as determined by Brown & Levinson (1987); cover the bald on record strategy, positive strategy, negative strategy and off-record strategy. The finding show that there were four types of politeness strategies used by Politicians in different of types of illocutionary acts; positive strategy, bald on record strategy, negative strategy, and off-record strategy. The most dominant type of politeness strategies used was positive strategy. The most dominant type was due to fact that speakers in interaction try to get closer the hearers. They use the group identity marker in addressing someone so there is no distance relationship between the speaker and hearer. They also gave the reasons when they speak in order to satisfy the hearer. Key words: politician; political language; politeness strategy

Improving Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension Through Advance Organizer Strategy

LINGUISTIK TERAPAN ◽

10.24114/lt.v12i1.2912 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tuti Andriani Siregar ◽

Didik Santoso ◽

Anni Holila Pulungan

Keyword(s):

Reading Comprehension ◽

Key Words ◽

Learning Process ◽

Advance Organizer ◽

Teaching Reading ◽

Significant Progress ◽

The Subject ◽

Passing Grade

This study deals with the improvement of the students’ achievement in reading comprehension through advance organizer strategy. The objectives of this research were to improve the students’ achievement in reading comprehension as well as the process of learning reading comprehension by using advance organizer strategy. The subject of the study was grade XI IPA 2 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Binjai consisting of 33 students. The data of this study were obtained by using test, observation sheets and interview. This research was conducted in two cycles because in the pre-test (without treatment), the average of the students’ score was 59,24. In the first cycle test, it was 74,30. It is lower than the minimum passing grade, and if is viewed from the observation sheets, the situation of the learning process hasn’t met the criteria of the success. So the writer continued to the second cycle. There was a significant progress on the students’ achievement in reading comprehension in the second cycle, and the average of the students was 82,94. The students were more active and enthusiastic in following the lesson. Therefore, the teaching reading comprehension through advance organizer strategy can improve the students’ achievement in reading comprehension quantitatively and qualitatively. Key words: improving, reading comprehension, advance organizer strategy.

A Comprehensive Study of the Folklore Discourse

Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K D Ushynsky Linguistic Sciences ◽

10.24195/2616-5317-2018-27-11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (27) ◽

pp. 90-95

Author(s):

Tetiana Druzhina

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Comprehensive Study

The article deals with the all-sided study of the folklore discourse in current linguistics. The relevance of the institutional (subcultural) type of discourse distinctive features for folklore discourse is established and the complexity of the folklore discourse description is defined; the processes that characterize the folklore discourse have been revealed. Key words: folklore discourse, institutional (subcultural) type of discourse.

Educación y valores

Foro Educacional ◽

10.29344/07180772.19.855 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Sabino de Juan López

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

A Priori ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

The Subject ◽

The Relationship ◽

Problem Of The Criterion

RESUMEN En el artículo se ofrece una reflexión en torno a la educación y valores. Tras una referencia a los diferentes sentidos en que se puede plantear el problema en función de la forma como se puede entender la relación entre los dos sustantivos “educación” y “valores”, la reflexión se centra en algunos problemas relacionados con los valores en cuanto contenidos de la educación. Primeramente se refiere al problema del criterio en función del cual determinar los valores de la educación, concluyendo en que el criterio no podía ser ni de carácter a priori, ni empírico, sino “sintético”. A continuación, se afronta el problema del principio, de la fuente de los valores, o la concreción del criterio de los valores de la educación, entendiendo que éstos deberían ser determinados a partir del sujeto de la educación. Se concluye con la referencia a una exigencia de los valores de la educación, la configuración de una totalidad unitaria e interactiva. Palabras clave: educación, valores, fuente de valores, integración, cultura EDUCATION AND VALUES ABSTRACT The article offers a reflection on education and values. After a reference to the different senses in which one can pose the problem in terms of how you can understand the relationship between the two nouns “education” and “values”, reflection focuses on some problems related to the values in the contents of education. First, it concerns the problem of the criterion against which to determine the values of education, concluding that the criterion could be neither a priori in nature, not empirical, but “synthetic”. Herein, the problem of principle is faced, the source of values, or the realization of the criterion of the values of education, understanding that these should be determined from the subject of education. It concludes with the reference of a requirement of the values in education, setting up a unitary and interactive whole. Key Words: education, values , power values , integration, culture

HUBUNGAN ANTARA JIWA WIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA DENGAN MOTIVASI, LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN PENDIDIKAN PADA POLITEKNIK LP3I JAKARTA KAMPUS BEKASI

JURNAL LENTERA BISNIS ◽

10.34127/jrlab.v6i2.189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Darmawan Darmawan ◽

Jajang Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Family Background ◽

Research Result ◽

Education Institution ◽

Education Level ◽

Study Program ◽

Economic Level ◽

The Subject ◽

Set Up

ABSTRACT Today, the growth of economic level begins to rise again that is generated by the increase of different kind of product and different kind of businesses that are offered by both individual businesses that are done easly independently. To deal with all of business trends, the education institution has to prepare the students to be able to set up a business idenpendedntly through the subject of entrepeuneurship. As it is regulated in Vision and Mision of study program and is also regulated in the curriculum of lectures. This research is aimed at to find out the correlation between the spirit of entrepeunership and motivation , Family background, and education level. Based on the research result, the finding showed that the spirit of entrepeneurship correlated with the motivation and family background. Based on the finding, it was also found that education level did not correlate with that the spirit of entrepeneurship. In regard with the findings, it is important to develop more the motivation of students to touch up the sperit of entrepenuership. Key words: Entrepenuer, Students, Entrepeuneurship.