scholarly journals STATUS OF PANGRE JHALAS WETLAND, MORANG DISTRICT, NEPAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Puspa Lal Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Riparian Wetlands ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
River Training

Pangre Jhalas is a small riparian wetlands formed after the damming of a perennial river the Bakraha in a process of river training in the Morang district of the Eastern Nepal. It is one of the neglected wetlands in view of management but important asset of local livelihoods of indigenous communities and others. The author conducted socio-ecological assessment of this wetlands to explore the physical status and resource use condition of this wetlands by applying direct observation and household survey (N=45) using questionnaire and focus group discussion. Pangre Jhalas is a degrading wetlands with decreased water discharge and higher turbidity in comparison with water quality condition before 2005. The Dhimal are the indigenous major communities living at the shoreline of wetlands. Pangre Jhalas though small is the full of floral and faunal diversities. Dhimal communities rely of these resources for their subsistence livelihoods. Among the resources available, fish and Ghungi are the major products of wetlands, and absolute majority of HHs prefer it as consumptive resources, whereas crab as the least preferred. Only 31 percent of HHs use wetlands resources daily, and the intensity of resource use is higher in rainy season. The resource availability has been drastically declined over the years due to many mal practices such as over harvest by using unfriendly tools and traps. KEY WORDS: Status of wetlands; diversity; flora; fauna

scholarly journals Indigenous People and Their Traditional Knowledge on Tropical Plant Cultivation and Utilization: A Case Study of Murut Communities of Sabah, Borneo

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Nur Muhammed ◽  
Theresa Antonia Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Plant Utilization

This study was conducted in Murut indigenous people inhibited two villages of Keningau district of Sabah Borneo which is blessed with vast cultural diversities. In this regard, 120 randomly selected households from the Nabaai and Gana tribes of Murut community were investigated with a view to identify their homestead plants, use pattern and also their Traditional Knowledge on plant utilization. Five major research tools (e.g., review of secondary information, key Informant interview, household survey with semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussion) was employed in this study. It is found that the plant species found in the homestead of the Nabaai and Gana tribes are utilized for three main reasons i.e., i) food production, ii) medicine, and iii) fuel wood. There are 23 utilization pattern has been identified in this study which is much lesser than what was found a decade ago (68 utilization). The Nabaai and Gana tribes practice Traditional Knowledge in their daily life especially, in medicinal plant utilization. The findings also show that most of the Traditional Knowledge on plant utilization is lying with the respondents with low income group (59%) because of their high dependency on utilization of the surrounding resources in their daily life. Appropriate steps to preserve and conserve the Traditional Knowledge on plant utilization possessed and practiced by the Murut indigenous communities are deemed necessary before this huge nature treasure is forgotten.

scholarly journals Resource use efficiency of banana production and impact of insurance scheme adoption on banana farming in Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Sunil Dulal ◽  
Rishi Ram Kattel
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Eastern Chitwan of Nepal is the major banana producing hub. Farmers were categorized as small, medium and large banana producers on the basis of their banana cultivated land. Majority of the large famers had purchased banana insurance scheme. Altogether 150 sample households were selected on the basis of purposive simple random sampling to assess the resource use efficiency of banana farming and impact of insurance adoption in eastern Chitwan of Nepal in 2017. The primary data were collected by household survey using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire, key informant interview and focus group discussion. The field survey showed that 50.58 percent respondents were male with average family size was 6.04. Only 10 percent of the sampled households were headed by female. Around 36 percent farm households had insured their banana. The B:C ratio of banana farming was 2.18. The research revealed that the farmers had an experience decreasing return to scale in banana production. Land preparation, suckers, labor and chemical fertilizer were the main factors that positively determined whereas the manure, irrigation, pesticide, and micronutrient had have negatively affected on banana production. Adoption of insurance scheme on banana farming had have positive effect on production of banana. It was estimated that the gross return will be increased by 0.012 percent in a farmer who had done insurance. The sampled farm failed to show their efficiency in using resources in banana production. There was further opportunity to increase banana production using more land preparation, suckers, chemical fertilizers and labor. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(2): 170-178

scholarly journals Role of forest provisioning services to local livelihoods: based on relative forest income (RFI) approach in southwest Ethiopia coffee forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayehu Fekadu ◽  
Teshome Soromessa ◽  
Bikila Warkineh Dullo
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Remote Community ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Provisioning Services

Abstract Background This study provides empirical evidence, for the contribution of forest provisioning ecosystem services to the local communities done on the Afromontum rainforest of southwest Ethiopia which is endowed with many Fauna and Flora. The study may give some representative evidence for policy-maker on behalf of conservation of the area. Methodology This study was done with the approach of focus group discussion and in-depth interviews of the rural community in southwest Ethiopia coffee forest. The role of forest provisioning services analysis was made by relative forest income (RFI) procedure based on the stratification category of the local ethnics and newcomers. Results The overall result indicated that seventeen forest provisioning services collected by the community from natural forest, however income were varied in relation to demographic features, the income from forest for local communities shown too high to which contributes 90.85% of the total income and have a long history of the link between this livelihood and forest. While forest also provides a considerable income for the new resettled community coming from elsewhere in the area but we observed non- forest income were the main source of revenue for this community. Conclusions The traditional and the indigenous communities used for access to a finite resource and considered the resource harvested from the forest are the central part of their economy and the relationships between forests and people’s livelihoods particularly for this remote community were complementary. Then planning should take into conceder, in policy perceptive, for supporting this remote community for livelihood improvement and conservation of this natural forest.

scholarly journals Choices of Research Methodologies on Climate Change Adaptation Especially Focusing on Agriculture Sector: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Shree Kumar Maharjan ◽  
Keshav Lall Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Agriculture Sector

A rapid increase in climate researches by applying diverse methodologies and approaches in recent decades. These researches have directly or indirectly contributed in better understanding of climate issues, risks and vulnerabilities. It has improved awareness and capacities of the public and communities to adapt to the vulnerabilities and impacts. It, further, contributes in formulation of climate policies and plans to address climate risks and vulnerabilities at the local and national levels. Appropriate methodologies lead to better results in the researches. This paper has applied systematic review of the published papers (2010 -2017) to understand the general and specific research methodologies in climate discourse especially in Web of Science (WS), Springer Link (SL) and Science Direct (SD). Altogether, 37 journal papers (10 WS, 13 SL and 14 SD) were selected for the detail analysis based on the assessment of abstracts, which was mainly concentrated on research methodologies specializing in agriculture. In the process, the authors have analyzed the contents, research methodologies, data analysis, and geographical coverages. The analysis, further, concentrated on the scope and limitations of the research methodologies used.  Wide-ranging research methodologies are found that are applied by the researchers in the climate change discourse. Some researchers have applied general research methodologies whereas others have used specific research methodologies and model analysis. Furthermore, it is comprehended that the combination of research methodologies and approaches through focus group discussion together with household survey and model analysis is the effective way for the research by using quantitative and qualitative data. 

Diffusion of diagnostic medical devices and policy implications for India

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Mahal ◽  
Anil Varshney ◽  
Srinivas Taman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Facilities

Objectives:This study describes the diffusion of advanced diagnostic devices in India and assess implications for efficiency in resource use and equity.Methods:Commodity-level import statistics, household survey data, and interviews with medical device sellers are used to assess the spread of diagnostic devices. Published qualitative evidence, case studies of diagnostic service providers, and cross-country analyses are used to identify the reasons underlying the spread of medical devices in India. Case studies of public and private providers and data from 150 hospitals in one Indian state are used to assess efficiency in resource use and the distributive impacts of diagnostic devices.Results:High-end medical device inflows rose during the 1990s, with both supply- and demand-side factors influencing this trend. Although our results suggest that the overall quantity of advanced diagnostics in India is not excessive, there is some evidence of inefficiency in public facilities and possibly unethical practices in private diagnostic facilities. The unequal geographical distribution of magnetic resonance imaging facilities, coupled with inefficient use of medical devices in public facilities suggests inequality in access.Conclusions:The study points to major regulatory gaps and health system inefficiencies and suggests ways in which these gaps can be addressed.

scholarly journals Climatic Changes, Water Systems, and Adaptation Challenges in Shawi Communities in the Peruvian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola A. Torres-Slimming ◽  
Carlee J. Wright ◽  
Guillermo Lancha ◽  
Cesar P. Carcamo ◽  
Patricia J. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Weather Changes

Climate change impacts on water systems have consequences for Indigenous communities. We documented climatic changes on water systems observed by Indigenous Shawi and resultant impacts on health and livelihoods, and explored adaptation options and challenges in partnership with two Indigenous Shawi communities in the Peruvian Amazon. Qualitative data were collected via PhotoVoice, interviews, focus group discussions, and transect walks, and analyzed using a constant comparative method and thematic analysis. Quantitative data were collected via a household survey and analyzed descriptively. Households observed seasonal weather changes over time (n = 50; 78%), which had already impacted their family and community (n = 43; 86%), such as more intense rainfall resulting in flooding (n = 29; 58%). Interviewees also described deforestation impacts on the nearby river, which were exacerbated by climate-related changes, including increased water temperatures (warmer weather, exacerbated by fewer trees for shading) and increased erosion and turbidity (increased rainfall, exacerbated by riverbank instability due to deforestation). No households reported community-level response plans for extreme weather events, and most did not expect government assistance when such events occurred. This study documents how Indigenous peoples are experiencing climatic impacts on water systems, and highlights how non-climatic drivers, such as deforestation, exacerbate climate change impacts on water systems and community livelihoods in the Peruvian Amazon.

scholarly journals Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biraj Pyakurel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Dendrocalamus Strictus ◽  
Livelihood Improvement ◽  
The Status

This research entitled, “Prospects of Promoting NTFPs for Livelihood Improvement” was carried out in Habeli Community Forest of Nuwakot district with the specific objectives of assessing the status of NTFPs in the study area, studying the local people’s knowledge about NTFPs, their attitude towards collection and domestication, assessing the role of NTFPs to household economy and existing market system of NTFPs. Altogether 30 households were sampled to carry out the research and the information regarding biophysical and socio economic condition, perception towards NTFPs and their domestication were collected through various PRA and RRA tools like Household Survey, Group Discussion, and Key Informant Survey (KIS). People were generally familiar with the NTFPs and their importance and were slowly heading towards NTFPs domestication although on a small scale. The respondents have been utilizing their agricultural land to grow NTFPs like Asparagus racemosus, Emblica officinalis and other species like Dendrocalamus strictus and Arundinaria intermedia that were grown naturally on the farmlands and were also willing to domesticate more NTFPs having higher market value such as Swertiachirayita in the upcoming days. Altogether of 34 NTFPs of 28 different families were documented in the study area where most of them were in their wild stage. The C.F has the immense opportunity of promoting NTFPs in future which is at the rapid conservation stage right now. The geographical and climatic conditions are also favorable to grow NTFPs that may lead towards the initiation of forest based small scale enterprise that can eventually generate employment and income. NTFPs promotion has become essential in all parts of the country so research on this subject matter can create a milestone in the economic upliftment of the country. The future research on promotion of NTFPs, local manufacturing of NTFPs, distribution ecology and reproductive biology of NTFPS also has the great potentiality.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/init.v4i0.5535The Initiation Vol.4 2011 46-55

scholarly journals Smallholder farmers willingness to pay for privatized agricultural extension services in Tigray National Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Kidane Tesfay Gebreegziabher ◽  
Gidey Kidu Mezgebo
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Agricultural Extension Service

This study assessed farmers’ willingness to pay for privatization of agricultural extension services and examined factors that determine willingness to pay for those services. Multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting 240 households. Data were collected using household survey, focus group discussion and key informant interview tools. Data were analyzed using percentage and logit model. Results showed that 58% of the respondents were willing to pay for the privatization of agricultural extension services. Farm size, age, family size, credit access, frequency of extension contact and income were significantly influenced farmers’ willingness to pay for privatization of agricultural extension services. Privatization of agricultural extension services encourages graduates of agricultural sciences to launch consultancy firms and this engenders professional entrepreneurship. Number of visits, socioeconomic, and institutional factors must be given emphasis for privatizing the agricultural extension service in Ethiopia. Moreover, government should launch privatization parallel to the public agricultural extension services Keywords: Agricultural extension service, willingness, privatization. Ethiopia

scholarly journals Measuring What Counts to Advance Indigenous Self-Determination: A Case Study of the Nisg̱a’a Lisims Government’s Quality of Life Framework and Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bouchard ◽  
Adam Perry ◽  
Shannon West-Johnson ◽  
Thierry Rodon ◽  
Michelle Vanchu-Orosco
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Self Determination

Abstract Modern Treaties are presented as a means for improving the lives of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada by providing specific rights, and negotiated benefits. However, the positive impacts of Modern Treaties on Indigenous well-being are contested (Borrows and Coyle 2017; Coulthard 2014; Guimond et al. 2013; Miller 2009; Poelzer and Coates 2015). Developing a more transparent, consistent, collaborative and contextual way of measuring well-being relevant to the cultural realities of Modern Treaty beneficiaries is an important step for generating comparative methods that could systematically demonstrate whether, and under what conditions, such agreements can effectively reduce socio-economic disparities and improve the quality of life of Indigenous communities. The authors first examine previous attempts at measuring Indigenous well-being, then reflect on well-being in relation to the Modern Treaty context. Subsequently, the authors provide an example from one Self-Governing Indigenous Government, the Nisga’a Lisims Government, to collect well-being data through the Nisga’a Nation Household Survey using a mixed quantitative-qualitative method developed through a culturally grounded and participatory approach.

The choice of grass species to combat desertification in semi‐arid Kenyan rangelands is greatly influenced by their forage value for livestock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Nyariki ◽  
Nashon Musimba ◽  
Moses Nyangito ◽  
Agnes Mwang'ombe ◽  
Kevin Mganga
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Species Preferences ◽  
Area Percentage

<p>Livestock production is the main source of livelihood in the arid and semi‐arid lands in Africa. However, desertification characterized by vegetation degradation and soil erosion is a major threat to the sustainability of land‐based production systems. Native rangeland forage species <em>Cenchrus ciliaris </em>L. (Buffel grass/African foxtail grass), <em>Eragrostis superba </em>Peyr. (Maasai love grass) and <em>Enteropogon macrostachyus</em> (Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Monro ex Benth. (Bush rye grass) have been used to combat desertification. The objectives of the study were to identify the best‐suited native grass species to combat desertification in a semi‐arid environment in Kenya and to identify the preferred grass species among the agropastoralists in the area. Percentage basal cover, plant densities and frequencies of the three grasses in pure stands and mixtures were estimated. Grass species preferences were through household survey and focus group discussion. Results showed a significant difference (<em>P</em> < 0·05) in plant densities and cover estimates: <em>E. macrostachyus</em> was ranked first; <em>C. ciliaris</em> and <em>E. superba</em> were ranked second and third respectively. The agropastoral farmers, however, preferred <em>E. superba</em> followed by <em>C. ciliaris</em> and <em>E. macrostachyus,</em> a reverse trend. These results suggest that the choice of grass species to combat desertification is influenced more by its contribution as a source of forage for livestock than its contribution for rehabilitation purposes.</p>

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