scholarly journals Simple Emergency Triage (SET) – the new perspective on mass casualty incident triage

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Jerzy Jaskuła ◽  
Marek Siuta
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Perspective

The aim: Incidents with large number of casualties present a major challenge for the emergency services. Incident witnesses are always the first on scene. Authors aim at giving them an algorithm arranging the widely known first aid rules in such way, that the number of potential fatalities before the services’ arrival may be decreased. Material and methods: The authors’ main aim was creating an algorithm for mass casualty incident action, comprising elements not exceeding first aid skill level. Proceedings have been systematized, which led to creation of mass casualty incident algorithm. The analysis was based on the subject matter literature, legal acts and regulations, statistical data and author’s personal experience. Results: The analysis and synthesis of data from various sources allowed for the creation of Simple Emergency Triage (SET) algorithm. It has been proven – on theoretical level – that introducing an organized way of proceeding in mass casualty incident on the first aid level is justified. Conclusions: The SET algorithm presented in the article is of an implemental character. It may be a supplement to basic first aid skills. Algorithm may also be the starting point for further empirical research aimed at verifying its effectiveness.

Managing a Mass CO Poisoning: Critical Issues and Solutions From the Field to the Hyperbaric Chamber

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Valerio ◽  
Matteo Verzè ◽  
Francesco Marchiori ◽  
Igor Rucci ◽  
Lucia De Santis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
First Case

AbstractCarbon monoxide acute intoxication is a common cause of accidental poisoning in industrialized countries and sometimes it produces a real mass casualty incident. The incident described here occurred in a church in the province of Verona, when a group of people was exposed to carbon monoxide due to a heating system malfunction. Fifty-seven people went to the Emergency Department. The mean carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level was 10.1±5.7% (range: 3-25%). The clinicians, after medical examination, decided to move 37 patients to hyperbaric chambers for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. This is the first case report that highlights and analyses the logistic difficulties of managing a mass carbon monoxide poisoning in different health care settings, with a high influx of patients in an Emergency Department and a complex liaison between emergency services. This article shows how it is possible to manage a complex situation with good outcome. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:251–255)

Leadership as a Component of Crowd Control in a Hospital Dealing with a Mass-Casualty Incident: Lessons Learned from the October 2000 Riots in Nazareth

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Pinkert ◽  
Yuval Bloch ◽  
Dagan Schwartz ◽  
Isaac Ashkenazi ◽  
Bishara Nakhleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Services ◽  
Hospital Management ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Crowd Control

AbstractIntroduction:Crowd control is essential to the handling of mass-casualty incidents (MCIs).This is the task of the police at the site of the incident. For a hospital, responsibility falls on its security forces, with the police assuming an auxiliary role. Crowd control is difficult, especially when the casualties are due to riots involving clashes between rioters and police. This study uses data regarding the October 2000 riots in Nazareth to draw lessons about the determinants of crowd control on the scene and in hospitals.Methods:Data collected from formal debriefings were processed to identify the specifics of a MCI due to massive riots. The transport of patients to the hospital and the behavior of their families were considered.The actions taken by the Hospital Manager to control crowds on the hospital premises also were analyzed.Results:During 10 days of riots (01–10 October 2000), 160 casualties, including 10 severely wounded, were evacuated to the Nazareth Italian Hospital. The Nazareth English Hospital received 132 injured patients, including one critically wounded, nine severely wounded, 26 moderately injured, and 96 mildly injured. All victims were evacuated from the scene by private vehicles and were accompanied by numerous family members. This obstructed access to hospitals and hampered the care of the casualties in the emergency department. The hospital staff was unable to perform triage at the emergency department's entrance and to assign the wounded to immediate treatment areas or waiting areas. All of the wounded were taken by their families directly into the “immediate care” location where a great effort was made to prioritize the severely injured. In order to control the events, the hospital's managers enlisted prominent individuals within the crowds to aid with control. At one point, the mayor was enlisted to successfully achieve crowd control.Conclusions:During riots, city, community, and even makeshift leaders within a crowd can play a pivotal role in helping hospital management control crowds. It may be advisable to train medical teams and hospital management to recognize potential leaders, and gain their cooperation in such an event. To optimize such cooperation, community leaders also should be acquainted with the roles of public health agencies and emergency services systems.

scholarly journals (A108) Hospital Disaster Planning: The Structured Approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s30-s30
Author(s):  
G.E.A. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Disaster Planning ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Preparedness Plan ◽  
Hospital Disaster Preparedness

BackgroundDisasters and incidents with hundreds, thousands, or tens of thousands of casualties are not generally addressed in hospital disaster plans. Nevertheless, they may occur, and recent disasters around the globe suggest that it would be prudent for hospitals to improve their preparedness for a mass casualty incident. Disaster, large or small, natural or man-made can strike in many ways and can put the hospital services in danger. Hospitals, because of their emergency services and 24 hour a day operation, will be seen by the public as a vital resource for diagnosis, treatment, and follow up for both physical and psychological care.ObjectivesDevelop a hospital-based disaster and emergency preparedness plan. Consider how a disaster may pose various challenges to hospital disaster response. Formulate a disaster plan for different medical facility response. Assess the need for further changes in existing plans.MethodsThe author uses literature review and his own experience to develop step-by-step logistic approach to hospital disaster planning. The author presents a model for hospital disaster preparedness that produces a living document that contains guidelines for review, testing, education, training and update. The model provides the method to develop the base plan, functional annexes and hazard specific annexes.

scholarly journals Wartości podstawowe

Etyka ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Krystyna Starczewska
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Moral Goodness ◽  
Moral Subject ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Trait ◽  
The Subject

Trying to avoid the dilemma of axiological subjectivism and objectivism “The World of Experience” is taken as the starting point of this article. Basic values are meant to represent notions which symbolize the meaning of human experience of the world. Simultaneously these notions symbolize the meanings of the basic relations between subject and object of experience. Utility, truth and beauty are in this conception the most general notions symbolizing the meanings of practical, cognitive and aesthetic experiences. Moral goodness is a notion symbolizing the meaning of personal experiences of the subject. The practical, cognitive and aesthetic experiences occur within the frame of unilateral, matter of fact contacts of the subject with an object. The specific trait of the personal experience lies in the direct contact with the subjectivity of another human being. The experience of another man as of “one who also experiences” is the foundation of moral experiences. Recognition of the subjective autonomy of another man leads to the experience which presents him as a moral subject. The relations between moral subjects are moral relations. These relations obtain within communities whose members observe certain rules which are adopted in order to protect their autonomy and to strengthen the bonds between them, which are a warrant of the existence of their community. The effort made to preserve one’s subjective autonomy and to establish bonds with other people considered as other autonomous subjects is at the same time the essence.

Difference in First Aid Activity During Mass Casualty Training Based on Having Taken an Educational Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
Youichi Yanagawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Omori ◽  
Kouhei Ishikawa ◽  
Ikuto Takeuchi ◽  
Kei Jitsuiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Japanese Association for Disaster Medicine developed a mass casualty life support (MCLS) course to improve cooperation among medical practitioners during a disaster, which is essential for reducing the rates of preventable disaster death. We investigated whether there was difference in first aid activity among members of the ambulance service during mass casualty training based on having taken the MCLS course.MethodsMass casualty training was held at the fire department of Numazu City. Twenty-one ambulance service parties participated in this training. They first evaluated the mass casualty situation, performed the appropriate services at the scene during the initial period, and then provided START triage for mock wounded patients. Throughout the training, 5 examiners evaluated their performance.ResultsRegarding the difference in first aid activity based on MCLS course attendance among the ambulance service members, the cooperative management (scored on a scale of 1 to 5) among the members who had taken the MCLS course was significantly better than that among those who had not taken the course (median [interquartile range]: 5 [0.5] vs. 4 [1.75], P<0.05).ConclusionAttending an MCLS course may help to improve outcomes in the face of an actual mass casualty incident. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:437–440)

scholarly journals Incomplete crime as an object of humanization of the Russian criminal legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
V. F. Lapshin ◽  
R. V. Kilimbaev
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Part ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The subject. The article is devoted to the problems of simultaneous harmonization between the policy of humanization of the Russian criminal law and the reduction of the crime rate in society. The institute of incomplete crime is proposed as one of the promising areas of humanization of criminal legislation. The authors analyze the norms of the Russian Criminal Code which determine the essence of an incomplete crime, as well as the specifics of imposing punishment for its commission. The subject of the research also includes the strategic provisions of the Russian legislation, which reflect the main directions of the implementation of contemporary criminal policy, its goal and objectives. The purpose of the article is to confirm or dispute hypothesis that it is inadmissible to criminalize the actions committed at the stage of preparation for the commission of an intentional crime, as well as it is admissible to mitigate the liability for attempted crime. Research methodology and techniques are represented by a number of general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition, used primarily in humanitarian research. The establishment of regularities between the growth of crime rates and the degree of criminalization, determined in the current criminal legislation, is ensured by the use of the dialectical method of cognition. The methods of analysis and synthesis were used to compare statistical data on the state of crime in Russia and the dynamics of the number of convicts serving imprisonment. Various methods of formal logic were applied in the process of evaluating measures aimed at ensuring the humanization of modern Russian criminal legislation. The method of comparative legal research was used to study the content of the norms on responsibility for an incomplete crime. The result of the study is proof of the necessity to decriminalize actions that are currently defined as "preparation for the commission of a grave or especially grave crime." The necessity of a significant reduction in the degree of punitive criminal-legal impact on persons found guilty of an attempt to commit an intentional crime has been substantiated. Conclusions. It as expedient to partially decriminalize an incomplete crime and exclude this institution from the General Part of the Russian Criminal Code. This decision fully complies with the fundamental principles of criminal law: legality, guilt, justice, and will also ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of the modern policy of humanizing Russian criminal legislation.

scholarly journals (P2-7) Patient Distribution during a Mass-Casualty Incident: The 25 February 2009 Turkish Airlines Crash in Amsterdam

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s137-s137 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.L.E. Postma ◽  
H. Weel ◽  
M. Heetveld ◽  
F. Bloemers ◽  
T. Bijlsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Number Of Patients

BackgroundDifficulties have been reported in patient distribution during mass-casualty incidents (MCIs). In this retrospective, descriptive study, the regional Patient Distribution Protocol (PDP) and the management of the patient distribution after the Turkish Airlines airplane crash on 25 February 2009 near Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam were analyzed.MethodsAnalysis of the of PDP involving the 126 surviving victims of the crash, by collecting data on Medical Treatment Capacity (MTC), number of patients received per hospital, triage classification, Injury Severity Scale (ISS) score, secondary transfers, distance from the crash site, and critical mortality rate.ResultsThe PDP holds two inconsistent definitions of MTC. The PDP was not followed. Four hospitals received 133–213% of their MTC, and five hospitals received one patient. There were 14 receiving hospitals (distance from crash: 5.8–53.5 km); thre hospitals within 20 km of the crash did not receive any patients. Major trauma centers received 89% of the “critical” casualties and 92% of the casualties with ISS score ≥ 16. They also received 10% of “minor” casualties and 29% of casualties with ISS score < 8. Only three patients were secondarily transferred, and no casualties died in, or on the way to, the hospital (critical mortality rate = 0%).ConclusionsPatient distribution was effective, as secondary transfers were low, and the critical mortality rate was zero. The regional PDP could not be followed during this MCI. Uneven casualty distribution was seen in the hospitals. The regional PDP is inconsistent, and should be updated in a new cooperation between Emergency Services, surrounding hospitals and vSchiphol Airport, a high risk area, for which area-specific PDPs must be designed.

scholarly journals Seven First Minutes - Community Emergency Response Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s18-s18
Author(s):  
Raphael Herbst ◽  
Eli Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Mass Casualty Incident ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Unique Experience ◽  
Improve Patient

Introduction:Following a mass casualty incident (MCI), it can take several minutes for emergency medical services (EMS) to arrive. The course was developed by Magen David Adom (MDA) based on unique experience in dealing with MCIs, and the time between alerting emergency services to such an incident until they arrive. The course is focused on teaching the general public to channel their desire to help in such a situation into useful skills which can potentially improve patient outcomes. The seminar focuses on key principles such as safety, calling for help, providing an accurate picture of the scene, and initiating basic treatment with an emphasis on hemorrhage control.Aim:MDA examined the ability of the general public with no previous medical training to perform a basic triage and treatment in an MCI situation. Additionally, the study examined the abilities of the study groups to manage a scene until the arrival of EMS based on the principles taught in the course.Methods:MDA has sent teams of instructors around the world to teach over 1,000 participants. Upon completing the course, the participants partake in a drill that assesses their ability to manage a scene of 20 patients. Their ability to initiate the call for help, provide an accurate picture, initiate treatment, and give an accurate report to arriving emergency responders are examined.Results:The average times were recorded. Within 38 seconds, dispatch was alerted to the situation. Within 2:30 minutes, treatment was initiated for all patients. Within 4:37 minutes, the scene was fully under control, and within 6:37 minutes, an accurate report was transferred to EMS on the scene.Discussion:The participants demonstrated an unexpected willingness to learn, practice, and partake in the drills, and the results were unexpected.

Concerning the abuse of power by an official

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Ihor Oheruk
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Government Functions ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Logical Semantic

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze the application of the second and third parts of Article 3692 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine to officials in the context, that defines them by the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. In the course of the study, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, logical-semantic, system-structural, logical-normative. Results: in the course of research the cause of criminalization of such act as "abuse of power" is considered, the subject of the specified criminal act which has the features of "an official" in the context, that defines it by the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is analyzed and the main ways of committing criminal acts, that are provided for in this article of the Criminal Code of Ukraine are identified. Originality. The study found, that one of the key conditions for the opportunity to influence officials, that are authorized to perform government or local self-government functions, is the position held by the official and the related opportunities. Therefore, taking into account the opinion of the scientists, that the subject of crimes, that are provided for by the second and third parts of Article 3692 is special, the peculiarities of which is the cumulative feature, that denotes, that such person is not endowed with the status of an official, well-founded need to specify the criminal legislation of Ukraine in terms of the application the second and third parts of Article 3692 of the Criminal code of Ukraine concerning officials in the context, that defines them by the criminal legislation of Ukraine in the note to Article 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Practical significance. The research results can be used in lawmaking in the improvement of anti-corruption legislation.

أسلوب التعليل القرآني وبعض آثاره التعليمية (The Principles of Qur’anic Argumentation and Its Educational Effects)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
رضوان جمال الأطرش ◽  
نجوى نايف شكوكاني
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
New Age ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Education Effect ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Impact ◽  
Education Process

        الملخّص      هدف هذا البحث إبراز إمكانية التأثر العملي بأسلوب التعليل في القرآن الكريم، ومحاولة البحث في تطبيقاته في واقع العملية التعليمية من العالم والمتعلم، بحيث لم يقتصر على الدراسة اللغوية أو الأصولية النظرية؛ وخصوصاً بعد التعريف بهذا الأسلوب وأدواته وأهميته وبيان اللوازم الخاصة للعالم والمتعلم للتأثر به، وقد تم ذلك من خلال استخدام المنهج الاستقرائي بتتبع أعمال العلماء في ذلك وتم رصد أقوال المفسرين فيما يتعلق بالأساليب البيانية وآيات التعليل ووجوه الإعجاز القرآني، ومن ثم استُخدم المنهج التحليلي لإثبات ذلك الأثر وإثبات وجود إشارات وأدلة على مظاهر التأثر؛ واستنتاج حقيقة إمكانية استمرارية البحث في كل أدوات وآيات ومواضيع ذلك الأسلوب بنفس الطريقة التي تمّ طرحُها، مما يثري هذا المجال، ويفتح العقول ويدفعها للنظر والتدبر والبحث في آي القرآن، وفي كل المناحي، منطلقةً من فكر التجديد، والإفادة من مستجدات العصر وعلومه ضمن ضوابط العقيدة الغراء والشرع الحنيف. الكلمات المفتاحية: أسلوب التعليل، أدوات أسلوب التعليل، التدبر، التعليم التقليدي، أثر.  Abstract This study intends to highlight the possible practical impact of the principles of argumentation found in the Qur’an. The study attempts to apply the principles on the actual education process of the scholars and students without limiting it to linguistic studies or theoretical principles. This was done after introducing the principles of reasoning, its tools, its importance, and disclosing the special requirements for the scholars and students in order to be influenced by the latter principles.  The work used inductive method to track the works of the scholars on the subject and observe the opinions of the Qur’an-commentators in relation to principles of explanation, verses of argument, and aspects of Qur’anic Inimitability. Analytical method was used to establish the impacts of the Qur’anic arguments; to prove the presence of signs and evidences for the manifestation of the impacts; and to make the continuity of this research possible in all the tools, verses and topics related to the principles of Qur’anic argument. Among those things that enrich this work is that it opens the minds, and pushes it to ponder and study the verses of the Qur’an. For every direction it becomes the starting point for the innovative thinking, and benefit for the new age and its sciences while maintaining the harmony with the principles of creed and the true SharÊ‘ah. Keywords: Principles of Argumentation, Tools of Argumentation Principles, Thinking, Traditional Education, Effect.

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