scholarly journals Morphofunctional status of cardio-vascular system of rats with arterial hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana M. Chuhray ◽  
Viktoria E. Lavrynenko ◽  
Rostyslav F. Kaminsky ◽  
Iryna V. Dzevulska ◽  
Oleksandr V. Malikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Sexually Mature

The aim: Was to clarify the general patterns of structural changes in the left ventricular myocardial capillaries in rats with spontaneous arterial hypertension. Materials and methods: Experiments were conducted on 50 ISIAH (inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension) line rats with arterial hypertension: juvenile young (45-day) and sexually mature (100-day) rats, as well as intact animals of the corresponding age. While extracted from the experiment rats of all experimental groups had their arterial pressure measured using a plethysmograph. Electron microscopic examination of the left ventricular myocardium and morphometric study of volumetric and quantitative densities, cross-section area, and form factor of micropinocytotic vesicles were conducted. Results: In sexually mature rats with arterial hypertension, a high level of pressure is maintained. In 45-day-old rats with arterial hypertension in endothelial cells of myocardial blood capillaries there is a hyperactivation of biosynthetic processes (euchromatic nucleus, large-sized mitochondria, ER canals, Golgi complex), which may be a manifestation of reactive processes in response to a non-stable increase in arterial pressure. In the 100-day rats with arterial hypertension, the mosaic of the ultrastructure of the myocardium blood vessels is preserved, but destructively-dystrophic changes become more expressive and involve not only the organelles but also the integrity of the endothelial cell itself. Destructively-dystrophic processes in rat capillaries are accompanied by compensatory and adaptive ones. This is manifested by activation of the transport of substances, both transendothelial and paracellular, and quantitative density of micropinocytotic vesicles increases statistically significantly. Conclusions: In myocardial capillaries of young (45-day) arterial hypertension rats, compensatory and adaptive changes are manifested by activation of biosynthetic processes in endothelial cells following a slight increase in micropinocytotic vesicles quantitative density and signs of destructive-dystrophic processes (minor edema and lysis of endothelial cell cytoplasm). In sexually mature (100-day) arterial hypertension rats in the blood capillaries of the myocardium, the destructive-degenerative changes increase is accompanied by preservation of signs of compensatory processes. Reducing the number of capillaries is offset by an increase in the number of micropinocytotic vesicles.

scholarly journals MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATUS OF CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF RATS WITH CONGENITAL HYPOTHYREOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana M. Chuhray ◽  
Viktoria E. Lavrynenko ◽  
Rostyslav F. Kaminsky ◽  
Iryna V. Dzevulska ◽  
Olexandr V. Malikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Sexually Mature

Introduction: There is an increasing number of cases of congenital hypothyroidism. One of the most common complications of hypothyroidism is damage to the cardiovascular system, which in 30-50% of patients leads to the development of arterial hypertension. The aim: studying the features of the ultrastructure of myocardial capillaries in mature rats with hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: Experiments were conducted on 40Wistar line rats with congenital hypothyroidism: juvenile young (45-day) and sexually mature (100-day) rats, as well as intact animals of the corresponding age. While extracted from the experiment rats of all experimental groups had their arterial pressure measured using a plethysmograph while the development of hypothyroidism was controlled by the immune-enzymatic method. Electron microscopic examination of the left ventricular myocardium and morphometric study of volumetric and quantitative densities, cross-section area, and form factor of micropinocytotic vesicles were conducted. Results: In the sexually mature rats with congenital hypothyroidism the quantitative density of the capillaries in the myocardium decreases. Activation of transcytosis is accompanied by significant violations of vesiculation. Some of the endothelial cells of experimental animals contain a moderate amount of transport vesicles, while others are overfilled with these structures and desquamate into the lumen. In older rats with congenital hypothyroidism there is a further dilution of capillaries, the development of hypoxic state in them, mucinous edema of interstitial space, decrease of biosynthetic and transport processes activity. Conclusions: In young (45-day) rats with congenital hypothyroidism the direction and expressiveness of compensatory processes is to enhance the transcytosis processes. Dystrophicdestructive changes are manifested by apoptosis in some endothelial cells, decrease in the number of biosynthetic organelles, lysis and edema of their cytoplasm. In sexually mature (100-day) rats with congenital hypothyroidism destructively-dystrophic processes in the blood capillaries of the myocardium are approximately balanced with compensatory-adaptive.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COMBINED PHARMACOTHERAPY ON CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (IN EXPERIMENT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1712-1716
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Chuhray ◽  
Viktoria E. Lavrynenko ◽  
Ruzhena M. Matkivska ◽  
Tetiana V. Lachtadyr ◽  
Valentina M. Hamalii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Electron Microscopic

DOI: 10.36740/ BOGOMOLETS NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, KYIV, UKRAINE, TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV, KYIV, UKRAINE 3KYIV CITY CLINICAL EMERGENCY HOSPITAL, KYIV, UKRAINE ABSTRACT The aim: Study of the patterns of structural changes in the left ventricular myocardial capillaries of rats with arterial hypertension with combined pharmacotherapy with Bisoprolol and Thiotriazolinum. Materials and methods: Experiments were conducted on 30 line rats with congenital stress-induced arterial hypertension: 10 animals without treatment and 10 animals with treatment. Pharmacological correction of spontaneous arterial hypertension was performed with 20 mg / kg of Bisoprolol and 50 mg / kg of Thiotriazolinum per os once a day. Pharmacotherapy began at 5 months of age, that is, at a time when compensated heart failure was formed in rats with arterial hypertension. Animals were withdrawn from the experiment 100 days after the start of the correction. Control was provided by intact animals (10 rats) of the corresponding age. While extracted from the experiment rats of all experimental groups had their arterial pressure measured using a plethysmograph, electron microscopic examination of the left ventricular myocardium and morphometric study of volumetric and quantitative densities, cross-section area and form factor of micropinocytotic vesicles were conducted. Results: In rats with arterial hypertension after application of Bisoprolol and Thiotriazolinum, arterial pressure significantly decreases in experimental rats compared to animals without correction. The number of capillaries in the myocardium after pharmacotherapy increases up to control values, which shows their reparation. In most endothelial cells, organelles retain their integrity and presence that are characteristic of intact rats. The well-expressed processes of transcytosis are shown by the statistical similarity of the quantitative density and the size of the micropinocytotic vesicles in the endothelial cells of the myocardium capillaries of compared experimental animals. Conclusions: In rats with arterial hypertension, the combination of Bisoprolol and Thiotriazolinum prevents the decrease in the number of capillaries in the myocardium of the left ventricle, promotes the preservation of the ultrastructure of their endothelial cells and maintains the processes of transedothelial transfer of substances at the level of intact animals.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF DRUG TREATMENT ON CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE RATS WITH CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1300-1303
Author(s):  
Svetlana Chuhray ◽  
Viktoria Lavrynenko ◽  
Rostyslav Kaminsky ◽  
Olena Ustymenko ◽  
Iryna Dzevulska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Pharmacological Correction

Introduction: In the treatment of hypothyroidism substitution therapy with L-thyroxine is used, it is also advisable to use the metabolites with membrane-stabilizing properties that normalize the metabolism in the body, for example, calcitonin, which significantly reduces the depth of the dystrophic phenomena in the myocardium. The aim was to study the patterns of structural changes in the left ventricular myocardial capillaries of rats with congenital hypothyroidism in combinative drug therapy with L-thyroxine and calcitonin. Materials and methods: 30 white Wistar line rats were used as experimental animals: 10 with treatment and 10 without as well as control – 10 intact Wistar line rats of the same age. Mercazolil was used to inhibit thyroid gland in order to model congenital hypothyroidism. After birth, the rats received L-thyroxine at a dose of 10 μg / kg per os daily, calcitonin at a dose of 1.0 MU / kg per day intramuscularly, then with mother’s milk, later by themselves for 100 days. The arterial pressure was measured in all experimental groups during extraction from the experiment by plethysmograph, their left ventricular myocardium was examined under electron microscope and micropinocytotic vesicles in their cells were studied morphometrically. Results: In rats with congenital hypothyroidism, for which L-thyroxin drug in combination with calcitonin was used as a substitution therapy, after pharmacological correction, in general there is no pronounced heteromorphism of the ultrastructure of the left ventricular myocardial blood capillaries, which was characteristic for animals without pharmacological correction. The analysis showed normalization of the content of free thyroxine in blood plasma and blood pressure of rats with congenital hypothyroidism after complex substitution therapy. Conclusions: In rats with congenital hypothyroidism, which received L-thyroxine and calcitonin at birth, the myocardium capillaries generally remain intact and have morphological and functional characteristics similar to intact animals, which is the theoretical basis for the need for calcitonin to be used in substitution therapy in hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological characteristics of the development of arterial hypertension in Yorkshire Terriers with alimentary obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
D. A. Korkots ◽  
Yu. A. Vatnikov ◽  
A. A. Rudenko ◽  
P. A. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Concentric Hypertrophy ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Alimentary Obesity ◽  
Yorkshire Terrier

Relevance. The study of the pathogenesis of obesity in domestic animals is an urgent problem in veterinary medicine, which is associated with the high prevalence of this pathological condition and a significant risk of complications from the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to present the pathophysiological characteristics of the development of arterial hypertension syndrome in obesity in Yorkshire Terrier dogs.Methods. In a comparative aspect, clinical, tonometric, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and biochemical parameters were studied in obese patients (n = 13) and clinically healthy dogs (n = 7).Results. Our study shows the negative role of obesity in the development of arterial hypertension syndrome in Yorkshire Terrier dogs. It was also found that obesity in dogs is accompanied by impaired lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, the development of arterial hypertension and a tendency to the development of concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium and hepatopathy.

scholarly journals Diagnostics and treatment of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents, overview of new clinical guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Agapitov ◽  
I. V. Cherepnina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Hypertension In Children

The article analyzes clinical guidelines oftheAmericanAcademy ofPediatrics dd 2017 “ClinicalPractice Guideline forScreening andManagement of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents”. This document contains new values of blood pressure in children, replaces the term “prehypertension” with the term “elevated blood pressure”, provides a simplified classification of arterial hypertension in adolescents over 13 years and revisesthe guidelinesfor daily blood pressure monitoring and echocardiography. The documentspecifiesthe criteria for diagnosing increased body weight of the left ventricular myocardium, changesthe target blood pressure levels. This new guidelines helps to optimize the diagnostics and treatment of hypertension in children. At the same time there is need for further comprehensive analysis of clinicalrecommendations and assessment of their practicalsignificance for pediatrics.

Endothelial Cell Transplantation

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart K. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Small Diameter

Endothelial cells line the lumenal surface of al) elements of the vascular system. These cells exhibit numerous metabolic functions necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis. The critical role of endothelium in maintaining normal blood vessel function is exemplified by the poor clinical performance of small diameter polymeric vascular grafts which fail due, in part, to the lack of a functional endothelium on the lumenal surface. Extensive research has explored the potentiality of transplanting endothelial cells onto polymeric vascular grafts to improve graft function. Several critical issues have been explored including the source of endothelial cells for transplantation, the interaction of endothelium with polymers and the healing process of endothelial cell transplanted grafts. The future of endothelial cell transplantation will also include the use of these cells as vehicles for genetic engineering.

The expression of endothelial tissue plasminogen activator in vivo: a function defined by vessel size and anatomic location

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
E.G. Levin ◽  
L. Santell ◽  
K.G. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vessel Size ◽  
Pulmonary Vessels ◽  
Pulmonary Endothelium ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen

Plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has long been considered to be the product of the endothelial cells that line the various parts of the vascular system regardless of vessel size or location. To determine whether this was truly the case in vivo, the distribution of tPA in the endothelium of the mouse lung and other tissues was evaluated. Immunohistochemical analysis of normal lung tissue showed positive staining limited to the endothelial cells of the bronchial arteries regardless of size with few cells of the pulmonary circulation associated with tPA. The pulmonary vessels that did contain endothelial cell-derived tPA were consistently between 7 and 30 microns in diameter. No capillary or large vessel pulmonary endothelium ever stained positive. These results were also observed in primate lung tissue where the bronchial endothelium of all vessels, even down to capillary size, contained tPA while none of the pulmonary endothelium did. Prolonged exposure of mice to hyperoxic conditions promotes acute lung injury and associated inflammation. Using this model, the effect of inflammation on endothelial cell tPA expression was evaluated. A 4.5-fold increase in the number of pulmonary vessels staining positive for tPA was observed after 66 hours with all of these vessels having a diameter between 7 and 30 microns. Again, none of the endothelium of large arteries or veins nor the capillaries had tPA. Whole tissue tPA mRNA increased dramatically with hyperoxia and in situ hybridization analysis showed tPA mRNA in the endothelium of the same types of vessels as antigen. The tPA localized to both the bronchial and pulmonary endothelium was active with neither tPA-PAI-1 complexes nor urokinase found in perfused lung tissue. These results indicate that endothelial cell tPA expression, either constitutive or induced by a pathologic event, is a function of a highly select group of endothelial cells which are defined by their association with vessels of discrete size and/or anatomic location. Thus, the widely held concept that the steady state level of plasma tPA is maintained through its constitutive production by all endothelial cells of the vascular system is invalid. Also suggested is the possibility that endothelial cell tPA might play a broader role than simply maintaining vessel patency as a component of the fibrinolytic pathway and contribute to complex dynamic processes such as inflammation.

scholarly journals Modern fixed combinations of antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of arterial hypertension and obesity: can this comorbid pathology be effectively controlled?

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Vasyuk ◽  
E. Yu. Shupenina ◽  
E. N. Yuschuk ◽  
G. A. Namazova
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Aim. To assess the effect of azilsartan/chlortalidone and irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide fixed combinations on office, daily peripheral and central blood pressure (BP), daily parameters of aortic stiffness and structural and functional state of the left ventricle in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity.Material and methods. The study included 46 patients with hypertension and obesity aged 35 to 55 years. In the beginning of the study and after 6 months of treatment with azilsartan/chlortalidone (AZL/C) or irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (IRB/H) all patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and instrumental and laboratory examination, including a general examination with anthropometric measurements, office measurement of BP, electrocardiography, echocardiography, 24-hour BP monitoring with analysis of central BP and the main parameters of aortic stiffness, biochemical blood tests.Results. Long-term use of two fixed combinations of sartan and diuretic was accompanied by a significant decrease of office and daily BP. However, in the AZL/С use, this change was more pronounced than in the IRB/H. Also, in the AZL/H group, a significantly larger number of patients reach a normalization of 24-hour BP profile. Both studied drugs significantly reduced central BP, which indicates their positive effect on aortic stiffness. However, a significant change in the daily pulse wave velocity determined by the Vasotens system was not detected. During therapy, in both groups, a decrease in left ventricular myocardial mass indexed by body surface area was revealed. It was more noticeable in the AZL/H group and when height indexed2,7. In both groups, an insignificant decrease in creatinine level and an increase in glomerular filtration rate, more noticeable with the administration of AZL/H, were noted. There were no significant fluctuations in the level of uric acid and patients with AH and obesity.Conclusion. According to studies, AH in obese patients is less well controlled than in patients with normal body weight. AZL/H and IRB/H are effective and safe drugs for the treatment of AH in obese patients. However, long-term treatment of AZL/H allows reaching a more pronounced decrease in peripheral and central BP, improving the structural and functional state of the left ventricular myocardium in comparison with IRB/H.

scholarly journals Endothelial cells on the move: dynamics in vascular morphogenesis and disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. H29-H43
Author(s):  
Catarina G Fonseca ◽  
Pedro Barbacena ◽  
Claudio A Franco
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
Network Stability ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Vascular Morphogenesis ◽  
Endothelial Cell Differentiation ◽  
Shape Changes

The vascular system is a hierarchically organized network of blood vessels that play crucial roles in embryogenesis, homeostasis and disease. Blood vessels are built by endothelial cells – the cells lining the interior of blood vessels – through a process named vascular morphogenesis. Endothelial cells react to different biomechanical signals in their environment by adjusting their behavior to: (1) invade, proliferate and fuse to form new vessels (angiogenesis); (2) remodel, regress and establish a hierarchy in the network (patterning); and (3) maintain network stability (quiescence). Each step involves the coordination of endothelial cell differentiation, proliferation, polarity, migration, rearrangements and shape changes to ensure network integrity and an efficient barrier between blood and tissues. In this review, we highlighted the relevance and the mechanisms involving endothelial cell migration during different steps of vascular morphogenesis. We further present evidence on how impaired endothelial cell dynamics can contribute to pathology.

scholarly journals Organoprotective properties of therapy by fixed combination of perindoprile and amlodipine in patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
M E Statsenko ◽  
S V Turkina ◽  
M N Titarenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Fixed Combination ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Amlodipine Besylate ◽  
Target Values

Actuality: the contribution of changes in central aortic pressure (CAP) to target organ damage and the effect of a fixed combination of perindopril with arnolate with amlodipine besylate on these parameters in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes (DM) has not been studied. Objective: to reveal the relationship between the main indicators of CAP and the damage of target organs (vessels, kidneys and heart) in patients with AH and type 2 diabetes; assess the organoprotective properties of a 12-week therapy with a fixed combination of perindopril arginate with amlodipine besylate in this category of patients. Materials and methods: 30 patients with AH stage III and DM at the age of 45 to 65 years were examined. The indicators of CAP were determined by Vasotens 24 software (“Petr Telegin” LLC, Russia). The structural and functional state of the myocardium was assessed echocardiographically with a Doppler sensor. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured with Polyspectr 8/E apparatus (Neurosoft, Russia). To evaluate the kidney function, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated, and albumin excretion in the urine was determined. A fixed combination of perindopril arginine / amlodipine besylate was administered for 12 weeks. Results: 12-week therapy was accompanied by the achievement of target values of blood pressure in 100% of patients, a decrease in office systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There was a significant improvement in indicators of CAP, which was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in PWV in vessels of the elastic and muscular type, an improvement in the functional state of the kidneys: a decrease in the level of the albumin/creatinine ratio of urine, an increase in rGFR, by a significant decrease in the left ventricular myocardium index. Conclusion: admission of a fixed combination of perindopril and amlodipine in patients with AH in combination with type 2 diabetes for 12 weeks is accompanied by reliable cardio, nephroprotective and endotheliotropic effects, statistically significantly reduces systolic and diastolic CAP, augmentation index in daytime and night hours, leads to a significant reduction of rigidity of the main arteries.

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