scholarly journals Perancangan Alat Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) Monitoring pada Air Boiler berbasis Mikrokontroler di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Naga Sakti

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 048-056
Author(s):  
Lia Laila
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid ◽  
Boiler Feed Water

Steam is a utility that have an essential function in palm oil production. Steam is mainly used in steam turbine to move the generator to produce electricity. Steam also has a lot of other functions such as heating cold oil in storage tank, heating coil in kernel drying, etc. Steam is produced in a machine called boiler. Boiler require a treated feed water as an input. To maintain boiler performance and lifetime, one need to control the TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) in boiler feed water in a range of 2100 2500 ppm. TDS is a parameter that shows the solid concentration which dissolved in the water. TDS has to be checked every hour to maintain its concentration controlled. In a practical use, TDS monitoring is a simple process but take a lot of time to proceed. Water from the sampling pipe collected in a bottle then cooled until room temperature. TDS from cooled boiler water then measured with a device called TDS meter. To control TDS value in the standard condition, the measurement time need to be reduced. Therefore, a faster method to measure TDS in boiler water is needed. An easier and faster measurement using a system which consisted of sensor, microcontroller, LCD display is one of the idea to reduce unneccessary measuring time. The development and experiment of this TDS monitoring device is situated in Nagasakti Palm Oil Mill, Riau Province, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Fouling assessment of tertiary palm oil mill effluent (POME) membrane treatment for water reclamation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Syahmi Hafizi Ghani ◽  
Teow Yeit Haan ◽  
Ang Wei Lun ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
Rahmat Ngteni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Boiler Feed Water

Abstract In order to minimize the adverse impacts of palm oil mill effluent (POME) towards the environment and to cope with the stress associated with water scarcity, membrane technology has been employed to reclaim water from POME. This study investigated the performance and fouling propensity of membranes in treating tertiary POME with the aim to recycle and reuse the reclaimed water as boiler feed water. Three types of membranes (NF270, BW30, and XLE) were used and their performances were evaluated based on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, turbidity, total dissolved solids, phosphorus, and conductivity. All parameters were significantly reduced through XLE and BW30 membrane filtration processes in which the permeate was complied with the boiler feed water standard, except NF270 membrane where the COD value exceeded the allowable limit. High permeation drag of NF270 and rougher surface of XLE membranes resulted in the accumulation of foulant on the membrane surfaces which eventually reduced the permeate flux, whereas BW30 membrane was encountered for lower fouling propensity due to its low permeation rate. Hence, BW30 was deemed as the best candidate for water reclamation due to its low fouling propensity and because the production of permeate complied with boiler feed water standard.

scholarly journals Treatment Method Assessment of the Impact on the Corrosivity and Aggressiveness for the Boiler Feed Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skoczko ◽  
Szatyłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Exchange Cation ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Boiler Feed Water

The aim of the study was the assessment of corrosivity and aggressiveness for boiler feed water. The negative effects of water corrosivity and aggressiveness may include silting up of the steel water supply system and the destruction of boiler equipment touched or washed by such water. They may cause the whole industrial production system to fail or be destroyed. That is why it was important to reach a high water purification level, including the calculation of water aggressiveness and corrosivity indicators. The carried out test showed that the simple system used before the modernization of the industrial water treatment plant is not sufficient to reach clean and stable water. The authors proposed modernization, including additional processes to improve boiler water quality, and designed new devices for water treatment. As a result of the new idea, groundwater taken as raw water was treated in individual and complex processes, such as pre-aeration, filtration, ion exchange (cation and anion exchange resigns), extra aeration, and extra degassing. The conducted research included chemical analyses of raw and treated water. In the conducted studies, the indirect method of water aggressiveness and corrosivity assessment was applied using mathematical calculation of the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), the Ryznar Stability Index (RI), the Larson–Skold Index (LI), and the Singley Index (SI). The results proved that the new proposed processes for the boiler feed water treatment station allow reaching a high water quality and low level of water aggressiveness and corrosion.

scholarly journals Zero Discharge Performance of an Industrial Pilot-Scale Plant Treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Qaisar Mahmood ◽  
Jiang-Ping Qiu ◽  
Yin-Sheng Li ◽  
Yoon-Seong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Discharge Performance ◽  
Zero Discharge ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil is one of the most important agroindustries in Malaysia. Huge quantities of palm oil mill effluent (POME) pose a great threat to aqueous environment due to its very high COD. To make full use of discharged wastes, the integrated “zero discharge” pilot-scale industrial plant comprising “pretreatment-anaerobic and aerobic process-membrane separation” was continuously operated for 1 year. After pretreatment in the oil separator tank, 55.6% of waste oil in raw POME could be recovered and sold and anaerobically digested through 2 AnaEG reactors followed by a dissolved air flotation (DAF); average COD reduced to about 3587 mg/L, and biogas production was 27.65 times POME injection which was used to generate electricity. The aerobic effluent was settled for 3 h or/and treated in MBR which could remove BOD3(30°C) to less than 20 mg/L as required by Department of Environment of Malaysia. After filtration by UF and RO membrane, all organic compounds and most of the salts were removed; RO permeate could be reused as the boiler feed water. RO concentrate combined with anaerobic surplus sludge could be used as biofertilizer.

Nutrient Removal of POME Using POME Isolated Microalgae Strain, Characium sp.

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 364-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamilarasi B. Tamil Selvam ◽  
Rajkumar Renganathan ◽  
Mohd Sobri Takriff
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrients Removal ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The study examines the efficiency of nutrients removal by a locally isolatedmicroalgae strain from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) treatment pond, Characium sp. Theexperiment was conducted in laboratory conditions at room temperature for 20 days. Sampleswere taken at a two-day interval for dry weight, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), andnutrient removal analysis as well as carotenoid, protein and lipid content. The study showedthat the COD level of POME was reduced by 45.41%. Characium sp successfully removed90.35% of ammoniacal nitrogen, 86.9% of ammonia, 87% of ammonium and 88.6% of totalnitrogen content. This species was also found to remove up to 99.1% of phosphate contentand 99.5% of phosphorus. Characium sp produced 0.78 mg/L of carotenoid, 15.24 mg/L ofprotein and 18.43 mg/L of lipid by the end of the 20-day study period.

EDI Technology Application and Exploration in the Power Plant Boiler Feed Water Preparation Areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Yu Yun Fu ◽  
Jin Duo Shi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Boiler Water ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Power Plant Boiler ◽  
Water Treatment Technology ◽  
Plant Boiler ◽  
Boiler Feed Water

EDI water treatment technology currently in power plant boiler feed water preparation systems more and more common. The main reason is due to the EDI water treatment technology has obvious advantages in terms of environmental protection. However, during operation to ensure that the equipment is running well and boiler water effluent quality to meet the requirements, but also the factors affecting the operation of enough attention. Through the analysis of the actual operation characteristics of EDI case of water treatment technology and application notes were simply described.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Abu Cangkang dan Serat Kelapa Sawit dari Boiler untuk Pembuatan Bata Beton Ringan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Haspiadi Haspiadi ◽  
Kurniawaty Kurniawaty
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Oil Fuel

Research of  the utilization solid waste of palm oil fuel ash from boiler as row materials  for manufacturing light concrete brick has been conducted. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential use solid waste of palm oil fuel ash from palm oil mill boilers as row materials for manufacturing light concrete brick has recently attracted for an alternative environmentally sustainable application. In this study, light concrete brick made with various proportions of palm oil fuel ash from palm oil mill boilers and sand were fabricated and studied under laboratory scales. Percentage of palm oil fuel ash of 0% as a control,  10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, replacement  sand, wheras others materials such as Portland cement, lime, gypsum, foaming agent and aluminium with the numbers constant. The quality of light concreate brick   were applied followed by the compressive strength test, density and water absorption capacity. The study discovered that the compressive strength for all composition meet the recommended value to light structural of 6.89 MPa as prescribed in SNI 03-3449-2002. In the same manner density of light concrete brick for all proportion under the maximum density recommended value of 1400 Kg/m3 according to SNI 03-3449-2002. While water absorption capacity of increased by the increasing use of ashes. Therefore, palm oil fuel ash from boiler can be used as raw material for the light concrete brick which is  environmental friendly because using solid waste and also an alternative handling solid waste.ABSTRAKPenelitian pemanfaatan limbah padat abu cangkang dan serat kelapa sawit dari boiler sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata beton ringan telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan limbah padat abu boiler berbahan bakar cangkang dan serat sebagai bahan pembuatan bata beton ringan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengelolaan lingkungan yang bekelanjutan. Dalam penelitian ini, bata beton ringan dibuat dengan berbagai komposisi abu boiler dan pasir yang diproduksi dalam  skala laboratorium. Persentase dari abu berturut-turut 0% sebagai kontrol, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% dan 60% mensubtitusi pasir, sedangkan bahan lain yaitu semen, kapur, gypsum,  foaming  agent serta aluminium pasta dengan jumlah tetap. Mutu bata beton ringan yang diujikan adalah kuat tekan, bobot jenis dan daya serap air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan untuk semua komposisi memenuhi batas minimum yang dipersyaratkan untuk stuktural ringan yaitu 6,89 MPa sesuai SNI 03-3449-2002. Demikian pula bobot jenis dari bata ringan yang dihasilkan masih dibawah dari batas maksimum yang direkomendasikan SNI 03-3449-2002 yaitu maksimal 1400 Kg/m3. Sedangkan daya serap air mengalami kenaikan dengan naiknya jumlah abu yang digunakan . Limbah padat abu boiler berbahan bakar cangkang dan serat sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bata beton ringan yang ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan limbah dan menjadi salah satu alternatif pengelolaan limbah. Kata kunci :  Abu cangkang kelapa sawit,  bata beton ringan, bobot jenis,  daya serap air,  limbah,  kuat tekan

Teknologi Esktrasi dan Cara Pemisahannya untuk Mendapatkan Kembali Karotenoid dari Minyak Sawit : Suatu Tinjauan

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Agus Sudibyo ◽  
Sardjono Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Molecular Product ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Selection Of

Crude palm oil (CPO)is the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (pro-vitamin A) equivalent, whereas palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generated from palm oil industry that contains oil and carotenes that used to be treated before discharge. Carotenoids are importance in animals and humans for the purpose of the enhancement of immune response, conversion of vitamin A and scavenging of oxygen radicals. This component has different nutritional  functions and benefits to humaan health. The growing interest in the other natural sources of beta-carotene and growing awareness to prevent pollution has stimulated the industrial use of CPO and POME as a raw material for carotenoids extraction. Various technologies of extraction and separation have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids.This article reports on various technologies that have been developed in order to recover of carotenoids from being destroyed in commercial refining of palm oil and effects of some various treatments on the extraction end separation for carotenoid from palm oil and carotenoids concentration. Principally, there are different technologies, and there is one some future which is the use of solvent. Solvent plays important role  in the most technologiest, however the problem of solvents which are used is that they posses potentiaal fire health and environmental hazards. Hence selection of the  most safe, environmentally friendly and cost effective solvent is important to design of alternative extraction methods.Chemical molecular product design is one of the methods that are becoming more popular nowadays for finding solvent with the desired properties prior to experimental testing.ABSTRAKMinyak sawit kasar merupakan sumber karotenoid terkaya yang berasal dari tanaman sawit sebagai senyawa yang sama dengan retinol atau pro-vitamin A; sedangkan limbah pengolahan minyak sawit dihasilkan dari industri pengolahan minyak sawit yang berisi minyak dan karotene yang perlu diberi perlakuan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang. Karotenoid merupakan bahan penting yang diperlukan pada hewan dan manusia guna memperkuat tanggapan terhadap kekebalan, konversi ke vitamin A dan penangkapan gugus oksigen radikal. Dengan berkembangnya ketertarikan dalam mencari beta-karotene yang bersumber dari alam lain dan meningkatnya kesadaran untuk mencegah adanya pencemaran lingkungan, maka mendorong suatu industri untuk menggunakan CPO dan POME sebagai bahan baku untuk diekstrak karotenoidnya. Berbagai macam teknologi guna mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid telah dikembangkan untuk mendapatkan kembali karotenoidnya. Makalah ini melaporkan dan membahas berbagai jenis teknologi yang telah dikembangkan guna mendapatkan kembali senyawa karotenoid dari kerusakan di dalam proses pemurnian minyak sawit secara komersial dan pengaruh beberapa perlakuan terhadap ekstrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid dari minyak sawit dan konsentrasi karotenoidnya. Pada prinsipnya, berbagai teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak dan memisahkan karotenoid terdapat perbedaan, dan terdapat salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk esktrasi dan pemisahan karotenoid adalah menggunakan bahan pelarut. Pelarut yang digunakan mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam teknologi ekstrasi; namun pelarut yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak tersebut mempunyai persoalan karena berpotensi mengganggu kesehatan dan membahayakan cemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pemilihan jenis teknologi yang aman, ramah terhadap lingkungan dan biaya yang efektif untuk penggunaan pelarut merupakan hal penting sebelum dilakukan desain metode/teknologi alternatif untuk esktrasi karotenoid. Pola produk molekuler kimia merupakan salah satu metode yang saat ini menjadi lebih populer untuk mencari pelarut dengan sifat-sifat yang dikehendaki sebelum diujicobakan. Kata kunci :    karotenoid, ekstrasi, pemisahan, teknologi, minyak sawit kasar, limbah industri pengolahan sawit.

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