METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE ON DISINSECTION AND DISACARISATION IN THE CENTERS FOR INTRODUCTION AND REINTRODUCTION OF ANIMALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
P.I. Khristianovsky ◽  
◽  
I.S. Ponomareva ◽  
D.A. Grudinin ◽  
E.N. Kuzmina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Station ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Introduction and reintroduction requires the movement of different groups of animals over considerable distances. In this case, there is a risk of the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases. The current veterinary rules and requirements contain instructions on measures for the import (movement) of zoo and circus animals, but there are no instructions on animals in protected areas. This paper proposes options for disinsection and disacarisation of various objects at the points of introduction and reintroduction of animals, based on the instructions approved by the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The work was carried out in connection with the need to develop recommendations to prevent the spread of infectious and invasive animal diseases, including anthropozoonoses, on the territory of the steppe scientific station of the Steppe Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences «Orenburg Tarpania». One of the significant risks in the introduction of animals is the presence of natural foci of vector-borne diseases in the model area. To eliminate these risks, it is necessary to spray animals with insectoacaricides of the pyrethroid group when importing animals. At reintroduction points, carry out regular arachnoentomological monitoring of the area. With an increase in the number of blood-sucking arthropods, it is necessary to apply insectoacaricides by spraying biotopes. When a vector-borne disease appears, spray both biotopes and the animals themselves to break the epizootic chain.

FEATURES OF DISINFECTION AND DISINFECTION IN THE CENTERS OF REINTRODUCTION OF WILD ANIMALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
P.I. Khristianovsky ◽  
◽  
I.S. Ponomareva ◽  
D.A. Grudinin ◽  
V.V. Belimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Scientific Station ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Introduction and reintroduction requires the movement of different groups of animals over considerable distances. In this case, there is a risk of the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases. The current veterinary rules and requirements contain instructions on measures for the import (movement) of zoo and circus animals, but there are no instructions on animals in protected areas. This paper proposes options for disinfection and disinfestation of various objects at the points of introduction and reintroduction of animals, based on the instructions approved by the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The work was carried out in connection with the need to develop recommendations to prevent the spread of infectious and invasive animal diseases, including anthropozoonoses, on the territory of the steppe scientific station of the Steppe Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences «Orenburg Tarpania».

scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity of Elytraria acaulis against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soorya Sukumaran ◽  
Rajan Maheswaran
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Background: Mosquitoes are blood sucking arthropods and serve as vectors of many diseases causing serious health problems to human beings. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti were responsible for Filariasis and Dengue. Syn­thetic pesticides were effective against mosquitoes as well as main sources of environmental pollution and most of them are immunosuppressant. Botanicals were widely used as insecticides, growth disruptors, repellents, etc. The aim of this research was to determine larvicidal properties of powdered leaf, Elytraria acaulis against late third or early fourth in­star larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Methods: Larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti were tested at various concentrations of 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200mg/100ml and mortality was recorded after 24h. The LC50 values of the E. acaulis leaf powder were calcu­lated by Probit analysis. Results: The plant powder exhibited strong larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 value of 116.07mg/100ml against Ae. aegypti 124.25mg/100ml respectively. The result indicated that the plant powder of E. acaulis showed potential larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Conclusion: The overall findings of the present investigation suggested that the E. acaulis highly effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti larvae. Elytraria acaulis may be used as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides for control of vectors to reduce vector borne diseases and did not harm to total environment.

scholarly journals Regression mathematical modeling of the population of mouse-like rodents, hosts of blood-sucking arthropods in the Non-Black Earth Zone by the example of the Kaluga Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
F. I. Vasilevich ◽  
A. M. Nikanorova ◽  
V. V. Kalmykov ◽  
A. I. Selyutina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region

The purpose of the research is a regression mathematical modeling of the population of small mammals, hosts of ixodid ticks in the Kaluga Region, which allows assessing the likelihood of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases.Materials and methods. For 10 years (from 2009 to 2019), a 2k multifactorial experiment was performed in the field by the method of V. V. Kalmykov (2016). The study object was mouse-like rodents that are the most common in the Kaluga Region. Rodents were counted by standard methods using techniques of V. N. Shnitnikov (1929), P. B. Yurgenson (1934) and A. N. Formozov (1937). The generally accepted steel spring traps were used. Animals were counted throughout all habitats.Results and discussion. Regression mathematical models of the mouse-like rodent population were obtained depending on the average monthly temperature, precipitation and atmospheric pressure for the year in the Non-Black Earth Zone by the example of the Kaluga Region. The specific nature of the obtained analytical model is that the greatest influence on the population of small mammals is made by the interaction effect of two factors, temperature and atmospheric pressure. Their impact is more significant than the influence of each of the three study factors separately, in particular, it is stronger than the only influence of temperature by 1.02, the only impact of precipitation by 2.58, and the only impact of atmospheric pressure by 2.72. The analytic mathematical model allows us to calculate, without significant material or time costs, populations of mouse-like rodents not only in the Kaluga Region, but also in regions with similar climate conditions.

Does the dilution effect generally occur in animal diseases?

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENG Y. X. HUANG ◽  
YANG YU ◽  
FRANK VAN LANGEVELDE ◽  
WILLEM F. DE BOER
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Meta Analyses

SUMMARYThe dilution effect (DE) has been reported in many diseases, but its generality is still highly disputed. Most current criticisms of DE are related to animal diseases. Particularly, some critical studies argued that DE is less likely to occur in complex environments. Here our meta-analyses demonstrated that the magnitude of DE did not differ between animal vs plant diseases. Moreover, DE generally occurs in all three subgroups of animal diseases, namely direct-transmitted diseases, vector-borne diseases and diseases caused by parasites with free-living stages. Our findings serve as an important contribution to understanding the generality of DE.

scholarly journals EPIZOOTOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF BLOOD-SUCKING DIPTERANS IN THE TYUMEN REGION (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 526-529
Author(s):  
Fiodorova
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Preimaginal Stages ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

Blood-sucking dipterans are widespread in the Tyumen Region and pose a danger as vectors of many infectious and invasive diseases of humans and animals, which are widespread in many countries of the world. Geographic, ecological, and biological features of the Tyumen Region are favorable for the circulation of pathogens of vector-borne diseases. Particular importance in the spread of diseases is attached to the ability of insects to travel long distances with a flying distance of horseflies, mosquitoes and blackflies for tens of kilometers. Monitoring of the fauna and ecology features of blood-sucking dipterans in the territories is currently necessary, since at present literature data on these insects are fragmentary and are only for informational purposes. As a result of climate warming processes, phenodates are shifted, the distribution areas of specific insect vectors expand, and new types of vector competence are acquired. An increase in air temperature, an increase in the number of hatching sites, as well as changes in the nature of aquatic vegetation and a decrease in the salinity of water bodies make them more acceptable for the formation of preimaginal stages of insect development. To date, research is relevant and requires to perform further study in preserving the well-being of territories for a number of especially dangerous diseases.

scholarly journals Epidemiological coherency of vulpine dirofilariosis in environmental conditions of Slovakia

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Hurníková ◽  
M. Miterpáková ◽  
G. Zaleśny
Keyword(s):  
Red Foxes ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Risk Assessment And Prevention ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Canid Species

SummaryDirofilariosis belongs to zoonotic vector-borne diseases with fastest spread into new areas caused by extreme weather and seasonal changes in climate. In Slovakia,Dirofilariaspp. parasites affect more than 30 % of dogs living in endemic regions in southern parts of territory, however, data on wildlife circulation of this parasite are still scarce. In order to clarify the role of red fox(Vulpes vulpes)as the most abundant canid species in Europe in maintaining the parasite in natural foci, an initial survey of dirofilariosis in this carnivore species was conducted in Slovakia. The samples of 183 red foxes hunted in 2007 - 2009 in regions of South-Eastern and Northern Slovakia with different geographical and climate characteristics were examined by means of PCR method using specificD. repens, D. immitisandAcantocheilonema recognitumprimers. The DNA was isolated from spleen samples using commercial kit and PCR approach was used for diagnostics. After amplification selected products were purified and sequenced to elucidate any homologies with previously deposited sequences in Gen Bank. The results showed 105 out of 183 examined specimens (57.4 %) being infected, with great regional differences in prevalence. Phylogenetic relationships withinDirofilariaspecies indicate that obtained isolates belong toD. repens.The results confirmed the role of red foxes as the reservoir of parasite. Herein, epidemiological factors that may be coherent with theDirofilariaparasites distribution and circulation in wildlife and implications in risk assessment and prevention for domestic animals and human are discussed.

scholarly journals Carvacrol importance in veterinary and human medicine as ecologic insecticide and acaricide

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Vucinic ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic-Trailovic ◽  
Sasa Trailovic ◽  
Sasa Ivanovic ◽  
Mirjana Milovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne

Carvacrol is an active ingredient of essential oils from different plants, mainly from oregano and thyme species. It poseses biocidal activity agains many artropodes of the importance for veterinary and human medicine. Carvacrol acts as repelent, larvicide, insecticide and acaricide. It acts against pest artropodes such as those that serve as mechanical or biological vectors for many causal agents of viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases for animals and humans. Therefore, it may be used not only in pest arthropodes control but in vector borne diseases control, too. In the paper carvacrol bioactivity against mosquitoes, house flies, cockroaches, ticks and mites are described. Potencial modes of carvacrol action on artropodes are given, too. Carvacrol reachs its biotoxicity against arthropodes alone or in combination with other active ingredients from the same plant of its origin, such as tymol, cymen or others. The paper explains reasons for frequently investigations on essential oils and other natural products of plant origin to their biotoxicity against food stored pest or pest of medicinal importance, as well as, needs for their use in agriculture, veterinary and human medicine.

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