Carvacrol importance in veterinary and human medicine as ecologic insecticide and acaricide

Carvacrol is an active ingredient of essential oils from different plants, mainly from oregano and thyme species. It poseses biocidal activity agains many artropodes of the importance for veterinary and human medicine. Carvacrol acts as repelent, larvicide, insecticide and acaricide. It acts against pest artropodes such as those that serve as mechanical or biological vectors for many causal agents of viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases for animals and humans. Therefore, it may be used not only in pest arthropodes control but in vector borne diseases control, too. In the paper carvacrol bioactivity against mosquitoes, house flies, cockroaches, ticks and mites are described. Potencial modes of carvacrol action on artropodes are given, too. Carvacrol reachs its biotoxicity against arthropodes alone or in combination with other active ingredients from the same plant of its origin, such as tymol, cymen or others. The paper explains reasons for frequently investigations on essential oils and other natural products of plant origin to their biotoxicity against food stored pest or pest of medicinal importance, as well as, needs for their use in agriculture, veterinary and human medicine.

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Philosophical Roots of the One Medicine Movement: An Analysis of Some Relevant Ideas by Rudolf Virchow and Calvin Schwabe with Their Modern Implications

Studia Philosophica Estonica ◽

10.12697/spe.2013.6.2.07 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 97-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Henrik Lerner

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Ancient Egypt ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Vector Borne ◽

The One

During the last decade there has been increasing interest in combining veterinary and human medicine, mainly in the areas of vaccination and the eradication of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases. Although the roots of this "One Health-One Medicine" approach can be found in ancient Egypt and Greece, the roots of the philosophy of "one medicine" have not been so thoroughly discussed. In this paper I will analyse some ideas that could unite veterinary and human medicine, from Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) and Calvin W. Schwabe (1927-2006). Both are recognized as important theoretical founders of the philosophy of one medicine. I will also further develop these thoughts to meet some of the discussions taken place today.

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COMPARING THE REPELLENCY OF DIFFERENT PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST MOSQUITO CULEX PIPIENS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.54.02.10676 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (02) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

M. Torki ◽

◽

A. Akbari ◽

F. Motevali Haghi

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Eucalyptus Globulus ◽

Culex Pipiens ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Mentha Longifolia ◽

L 96 ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Lavandula Officinalis

Due to diminishing man-vector contact, repellency is an important way of preventing vector borne diseases. Mosquitoes control and peoples protection from biting by the mosquitoes are the most significant ways to prevent the diseases that have been transmitted by the mosquitoes. Usage of repellants, especially herbal smokes, is one of the proper methods to protect individuals. In this study, four herbs include Rosa damascena Mill, Lavandula officinalis, Eucalyptus globulus and Mentha longifolia L were examined. After preparing the essential oil of each herb, with a certain concentration, a cotton fabric was stained by using the herbs and at animal test stage, their repelling property against Culex pipiens mosquito was evaluated. Finally, the repelling effect of the fabric stained with the essential oils with the chemical combination repelling N, N-diethyl 3-methyl benzamid, as (DEET) was compared as well. The results of repelling effect of the essential oils of Rosa damascena Mill, Mentha longifolia L, Lavandula officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus was 83%, 96%, 81% and 85%, respectively. Mentha longifolia L (96%) had the highest repelling effect; however Lavandula officinalis (81%) has the least repelling effect respectively. Thus, this work showed that some herbal essential oils can be used as natural repellent materials to improve public health.

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METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE ON DISINSECTION AND DISACARISATION IN THE CENTERS FOR INTRODUCTION AND REINTRODUCTION OF ANIMALS

Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology ◽

10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202103010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 303-308

Author(s):

P.I. Khristianovsky ◽

◽

I.S. Ponomareva ◽

D.A. Grudinin ◽

E.N. Kuzmina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Animal Diseases ◽

Blood Sucking ◽

Natural Foci ◽

Vector Borne ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Scientific Station ◽

Academy Of Sciences

Introduction and reintroduction requires the movement of different groups of animals over considerable distances. In this case, there is a risk of the spread of infectious and parasitic diseases. The current veterinary rules and requirements contain instructions on measures for the import (movement) of zoo and circus animals, but there are no instructions on animals in protected areas. This paper proposes options for disinsection and disacarisation of various objects at the points of introduction and reintroduction of animals, based on the instructions approved by the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The work was carried out in connection with the need to develop recommendations to prevent the spread of infectious and invasive animal diseases, including anthropozoonoses, on the territory of the steppe scientific station of the Steppe Institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences «Orenburg Tarpania». One of the significant risks in the introduction of animals is the presence of natural foci of vector-borne diseases in the model area. To eliminate these risks, it is necessary to spray animals with insectoacaricides of the pyrethroid group when importing animals. At reintroduction points, carry out regular arachnoentomological monitoring of the area. With an increase in the number of blood-sucking arthropods, it is necessary to apply insectoacaricides by spraying biotopes. When a vector-borne disease appears, spray both biotopes and the animals themselves to break the epizootic chain.

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Natural Products and Their Potential Anti-HAV Activity

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10091095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1095

Author(s):

Agnieszka Jama-Kmiecik ◽

Jolanta Sarowska ◽

Dorota Wojnicz ◽

Irena Choroszy-Król ◽

Magdalena Frej-Mądrzak

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Antiviral Agents ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Viral Origin ◽

The Past

The role of purified natural products in the prevention and treatment of countless diseases of bacterial, fungal, and viral origin cannot be overestimated. New antiviral drugs have been obtained from natural sources and transformed into preparations for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, proanthocyanins, polysaccharides, organic acids, proteins, polypeptides, and essential oils derived from plants, animals, or microorganisms can control and combat foodborne viral infections, including hepatitis A. The components of essential oils are characterized by numerous therapeutic and antioxidant properties and exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial and antiviral activity. Due to these properties, they can be used to preserve meat, fruit, vegetables, and their products. Over the past two decades, much effort has been made to identify natural products, mostly of plant origin, to combat foodborne viruses. Natural plant extracts have several potential uses, not limited to increasing the safety of food products and improving their quality, but also as natural antiviral agents.

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Antileishmanial Compounds Isolated from Psidium Guajava L. Using a Metabolomic Approach

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24244536 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (24) ◽

pp. 4536 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chiobouaphong Phakeovilay ◽

Sandra Bourgeade-Delmas ◽

Pierre Perio ◽

Alexis Valentin ◽

François Chassagne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽

Lao Pdr ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Medical Treatments ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Multivariate Correlation ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Antileishmanial Activities

With an estimated annual incidence of one million cases, leishmaniasis is one of the top five vector-borne diseases. Currently available medical treatments involve side effects, including toxicity, non-specific targeting, and resistance development. Thus, new antileishmanial chemical entities are of the utmost interest to fight against this disease. The aim of this study was to obtain potential antileishmanial natural products from Psidium guajava leaves using a metabolomic workflow. Several crude extracts from P. guajava leaves harvested from different locations in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) were profiled by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, and subsequently evaluated for their antileishmanial activities. The putative active compounds were highlighted by multivariate correlation analysis between the antileishmanial response and chromatographic profiles of P. guajava mixtures. The results showed that the pooled apolar fractions from P. guajava were the most active (IC50 = 1.96 ± 0.47 µg/mL). Multivariate data analysis of the apolar fractions highlighted a family of triterpenoid compounds, including jacoumaric acid (IC50 = 1.318 ± 0.59 µg/mL) and corosolic acid (IC50 = 1.01 ± 0.06 µg/mL). Our approach allowed the identification of antileishmanial compounds from the crude extracts in only a small number of steps and can be easily adapted for use in the discovery workflows of several other natural products.

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Dirofilariasis – an emergent human parasitosis in Romania

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1515/ap-2015-0068 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Manuela Arbune ◽

Michaela Dobre

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Climate Change ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Body Perception ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Pediatric Department ◽

Local Pain ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Vector Borne

AbstractChanging vector habitats due to climate change increase the risk of less common vector-borne diseases spreading to temperate areas. An example of such a disease is dirofilariasis. The present article is a case presentation of ocular dirofilariasis. The peculiarities of this case and its implications to public health are presented herein, in addition to a literature review of the epidemiological data regarding dirofilariasis in dogs and humans. A16-year-old adolescent, who had never travelled outside Galaţi County, was admitted to the hospital’s pediatric department with conjunctival edema, foreign body perception, redness and local pain in the left eye. A parasitological exam identified Dirofilaria repens. The outcome of the condition was favorable. Although canine dirofilariasis is more often encountered by veterinary practices, only few human cases had hither to been reported in Romania, none in Galaţi County. A national Romanian prevalence study on dirofilariasis in animals is called for in order to improve the management of the disease, both in veterinary and human medicine.

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The Effect of Lemongrass Leaves and Stalks Extracts using Methanol as The Eco-friendly Larvicides on Fourth Instar Aedes aegypti Larvae

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.6727 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (B) ◽

pp. 937-939

Author(s):

Tjut Mariam ◽

Ade Oktiviyari ◽

Ahmad Yamin Harahap

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Human Health ◽

Mosquito Larva ◽

Environmental Problem ◽

Fourth Instar ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Vector Borne

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti is one of the most vicious mosquitoes, known for its role in several deadly diseases, including dengue fever and Zika. Several strategies have been developed over decades to prevent vector-borne diseases; one of them is insecticide to control the mosquito population. However, this strategy would not last long due to the elevation of resistance, environmental problem, and some issues regarding human health. Natural products have become major options to combat the glitches. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) has known for its toxic effect on mosquito larva. AIM: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of C. citratus extract against fourth instar of A. aegypti larvae. METHODS: Three extract concentrations, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%, were used. The larvicide activity was evaluated at 2, 4, and 6 h. Our data indicated that all concentrations contributed to increase larvae mortality. RESULTS: Lethal Concentration (LC) 50 and LC90 were achieved at 2.5% and 4.1% of extract, respectively. CONCLUSION: C. citratus extract has a larvicide activity against fourth instar of A. aegypti.

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Nanoemulsions of Essential Oils: New Tool for Control of Vector-Borne Diseases and In Vitro Effects on Some Parasitic Agents

Medicines ◽

10.3390/medicines6020042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Javier Echeverría ◽

Ricardo Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Parasitic Diseases ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Local Ecosystem ◽

Etiological Agents

The control of infectious/parasitic diseases is a continuing challenge for global health, which in turn requires new methods of action and the development of innovative agents to be used in its prevention and/or treatment. In this context, the control of vectors and intermediate hosts of etiological agents is an efficient method in the prevention of human and veterinary diseases. In later stages, it is necessary to have bioactive compounds that act efficiently on the agents that produce the disease. However, several synthetic agents have strong residual effects in humans and other animals and cause environmental toxicity, affecting fauna, flora and unbalancing the local ecosystem. Many studies have reported the dual activity of the essential oils (EOs): (i) control of vectors that are important in the cycle of disease transmission, and (ii) relevant activity against pathogens. In general, EOs have an easier degradation and cause less extension of environmental contamination. However, problems related to solubility and stability lead to the development of efficient vehicles for formulations containing EOs, such as nanoemulsions. Therefore, this systematic review describes several studies performed with nanoemulsions as carriers of EOs that have larvicidal, insecticidal, repellent, acaricidal and antiparasitic activities, and thus can be considered as alternatives in the vector control of infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as in the combat against etiological agents of parasitic origin.

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