scholarly journals The Present and Future of Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Emanet
Keyword(s):  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Current Transport ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The One ◽  
Transport Volume

The Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (BTK) railway, is a new line directly connecting Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan by rail, and it became operational in 2017. In fact, the BTK railway connects not only these three countries, but also Central Asia with the Caspian Sea passage in the east, and Europe via Turkey with the Marmaray project in the west. The line, which has an annual freight carrying capacity of 6.5 million tons, has carried approximately 400 thousand tons of freight in 2020. The BTK railway line is also an alternative to the One Belt One Road project between China and Europe. Considering this point, it is seen that the amount of freight transported is not at the intended level, despite the current capacity. In this study, BTK railway, which is likely to act as a lever for increasing the trade volume between the countries of the region, has been analyzed in terms of freight transportation. In the first part, the features of the BTK railway are explained. In the second part, the foreign trade structure of the countries in the region is presented. In the third part, the freight transported on the BTK railway are examined. In the last section, suggestions are presented to increase the current transport volume.

scholarly journals KAZAKHSTAN-CHINESE RELATIONS AND CHALLENGE OF FOREIGN FORCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanat Kakar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rich Country ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The One ◽  
External Forces ◽  
The Impact

In 2013, China's Silk Road Initiative, the One Belt One Road project, was first mentioned in Kazakhstan and has been widely discussed by major countries and international organizations. Kazakhstan's participation in this project, a resource-rich country in Central Asia, has attracted world attention, and the impact of external forces on Central Asia will have its own impact on the implementation of this project. The interests of countries such as Russia and the United States in Central Asia and the views of international organizations are important factors in the implementation of this project. This article examines the relations between China and Kazakhstan in the framework of the "One Belt - One Road" initiative and the competition of external forces influencing it, their views on the project, their interests, the project and competing projects, and highlights important international organizations and agreements. and the toothed conclusion is pronounced.

scholarly journals Opportunities for the Development of North Asia in the “One Belt - One Road” Project: Problems and Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suocheng Dong ◽  
Tamir Boldanov ◽  
Arnold Tulokhonov ◽  
Tcogto Bazarzhapov ◽  
Ayana Yangutova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Belt One Road ◽  
North Asia ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The One

scholarly journals “One Belt, One Road” Project as a new foreign policy strategy of China. Short analysis of the discussion inside China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
M. S. Mikhalev
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

One of the most significant international infrastructure projects of our time is undoubtedly the foreign policy initiative “One belt, One Road” announced by China ’s leader Xi Jinping in 2013. Despite the fact that the true reasons, scale and long-term goals of this global project of China have not been definitively formulated yet, it is obvious the “One Belt, One Road” Project has surpassed its originally stated infrastructure and economic guidelines and become an ambitious long-term plan to promote the Chinese economic model around the world. From the point the Chinese planners the initiative of Xi Jinping is able in the near future to provide a platform for harmonious coexistence and solidarity between various countries and entire civilizations that while remaining independent from each other politically and culturally, will be economically interdependent and share a common desire for a harmonious co-development. The principles and ideals on which, to the mind of the initiators of the “One Belt, One Road” Project, such a civilizational dialogue of equals should be built, require the most serious attention and careful study. Unfortunately, in most modern publications on this topic, the analysis of the reasons, goals and objectives of the global Chinese initiative is carried out only on the basis of official documents of the Chinese government and the positions of those experts in China, whose opinion rather reflects their own attitude to the “One Belt, One Road” Project than is decisive in the process of internal Chinese discussion on this issue. It seems that this approach does not contribute to the formation of an objective understanding of the conditions under which this new foreign policy of China is born and to what consequences it could lead. In contrast, in this article, an attempt is made to consider the origins and to interpret the goals of “One Belt, One Road” Project through the analysis of the discussion taking place inside China which is not intended for the external audience.

scholarly journals An Overview of Foreign Relation of Nepal with China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Girdhari Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Development Partner ◽  
Foreign Relation ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Bilateral Treaties

Nepal and China have a long history of foreign relation since ancient time. As a modern state, Nepal established its diplomatic relations with China in 1955. The main objective of this paper is to explore the foreign relation of Nepal with China. This study uses secondary data for the collection of facts and information. It is descriptive and analytical in nature. This study is based on Constitution of Nepal, bilateral treaties, joint statements of high level official visits and different scholarly articles. Basic principles of the foreign policy of Nepal and China is set by mutual trust and the guidelines of Panchasheel. Nepal has always followed and accepted the One-China policy. Also, Nepal has supported the ambitious Chinese initiatives for one belt one road project. Similarly, China has been Nepal's key development partner. China has helped Nepal in different development projects. Nepal has signed a transit treaty with China. Now, Nepal has an alternative for third country transport transit.

scholarly journals CHINA-INDIA’S CONFLICT OF INTEREST IN THE REGION OF SOUTH ASIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
M. Doroshko ◽  
S. But
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
World Politics ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Expansion Strategy ◽  
Important Region ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The One

The trends of the growing confrontation of international relations and the increasing role of Asian countries in world politics directly affect the issue of China-India interaction in the strategically important region of South Asia. It is clear that the role of the region for each of the sides has a different weight: if India considers leadership in South Asia as a key geopolitical goal, for the PRC it is only one element of the global expansion strategy. Both states are trying to consolidate their influence in the region through various kinds of collaboration and assistance, using bilateral and multilateral formats of cooperation. In particular, at the level of competition of geoeconomic initiatives, China is actively promoting the “One Belt, One Road” project, while India seeks to balance using a wider range of integration tools – SAARC, “NorthSouth”, “Spice Route” and “Look East” policy. However, the Chinese side is achieving success due to great financial opportunities and promises, the needs of the countries of the region for external impulses for economic development, the lack of determination in Indian regional politicy, and the rejection by South Asian countries the prospect of Indian domination, key reason of what is various kinds of problems in relations with official New-Delhi. This concerns primarily Pakistan, which at the same time is a key regional partner of China. Now the regional policy of India has a clear advantage over the Chinese strategy of "geopolitical ticks" only in Bhutan and tactically in the Maldives. However, Chinese influence is increasingly causing concern among the regional given the growth of financial dependence, the use of so-called “debt-trap diplomacy” and even a demonstration of strength, the most colorful evidence of what is the experience of Sri Lanka.

scholarly journals EURASIA ENTRE EL ESPÍRITU DE SHANGHÁI Y UNA COMUNIDAD DE FUTURO COMPARTIDO

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunamis Fabelo Concepción
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Road Project ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
The One ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The article is based on the analysis of the integrationist trends that have evolved in Central Asia between 1991 and 2015. It deals with how the historical reality of the Central Asian republics conditioned them to search for centers of reference to guide the construction of their political and economic systems. This situation caused these countries, since their independence, to begin to interact with important international relations players, with whom they built a series of interdependent relations that were tracing two integrationist conceptions that became trends: Western and Eurasian. The latter one is the one that has most advanced in the period studied, promoted by Russia and China with the implementation of important mechanisms of association, cooperation and consensus, among which the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Eurasian Economic Union and the New Silk Road project. In this sense, the Chinese megaproject One Belt One Road is supported by a series of conceptual bases as a result of the progress and evolution of the Eurasian trend understood in its broader meaning.

scholarly journals Internal Сivilizational Content – Civilizational

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
W. Yiwei
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
The West ◽  
Ancient Civilization ◽  
Chinese Dream ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Traditional Chinese Culture ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The Chinese Dream

From the point of the human civilization history the main purpose of “One Belt, One Road’ Project is to revise the provisions of west-oriented ideology according to which the continental civilizations are subordinate to the maritime ones and the East is subordinate to the West. At the same time, “One Belt, One Road’ Project helps to restore through the return of Eurasia as the center of world civilization and is aimed at the creation of a foundation for a new civilization based on the principles of “unity of man and heaven” and “unity of man and the sea”. From the point of Chinese civilization history, the above-mentioned Project contributes to its triune transformation: the transition from a continental type of civilization to the maritime one, from an agrarian civilization to an industrial one, from a regional civilization to a global one. «One Belt, One Road» Project shows the increased consciousness of Chinese civilization, reflects its self-confidence and is an expression of the theoretical, practical and philosophical aspects of Chinese wisdom, creating the “effect of three fives”: changes unseen over the five-thousand-year history by which a transformation of the traditional Chinese culture is meant; changes unseen over the last five hundred years by which the renewal of modern civilization is meant; changes unseen over the past fifty years by which a realization of the Chinese dream is meant. Together they lead to a simultaneous revival and transformation of an ancient civilization, and also allow us to talk about the conjugation of the Chinese and world dreams.

scholarly journals Problems and perspectives of sustainable trade development in China under the one belt one road initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 06050
Author(s):  
Zhi Ji ◽  
George Abuselidze ◽  
Valeriia Lymar
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Sustainable Trade ◽  
China’S Growth

In the paper the authors proved that China’s growth towards dominance in international trade has begun recently, but, on average, the growth of China’s trade volume has doubled every four years over the past three decades. The paper analyses that the rapid growth of the Chinese economy provides all countries around the world especially neigh boring countries, with a chance of interconnected development, which had a decisive impact on the economic prosperity of the world economy at the end of the last and at the beginning of this century. The key priority of Chinese economic policy was called attracting FDI, but gradually it focused on foreign direct investment (FDI) from China. Therefore, the “one belt, one road” initiative has brought maximum effect not only on the country itself, but on the entire global economy, and has become the basis for multilateral economic development. Accordingly, we have come to the conclusion that the project the “one belt, one road” has a goal to strengthen the geopolitical cooperation between Asia and Europe, so it is Ukraine that is important in its implementation. Ukraine is a strategically important logistics hub between Asia and Europe. It is proved that Ukraine is now a promising country in Eastern Europe and has a significant deferred purchasing power potential, which will increase if the political and economic situation in the country stabilizes.

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