scholarly journals Assessment of the state of soils of uncultivated agricultural lands by indicators of enzymatic activity, humus and heavy metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Mishchenko ◽  
Ivan N. Kurochkin ◽  
Natalya V. Chugay ◽  
Ekaterina Yu. Kulagina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Agricultural Use

Abstract. Studies were conducted to determine such indicators as humus, heavy metals, and enzymatic activity in the soils of uncultivated farmlands of the Vladimir region located in the Klyazma river basin. In the course of field research in 2018, soil samples were selected at 13 points representing various landscape areas belonging to the Klyazma river basin. According to the results of research, a positive relationship between the activity of soil enzymes and the content of humus was established. In the soils of uncultivated farmland, where there is a high concentration of soil enzymes, a high percentage of humus was found from 2.88% to 3.96%. The dependence between the indicators of activity of soil enzymes and anthropogenic impact was revealed. Thus, the transition from deposits to the meadow, i.e. reduce anthropogenic impact on the soil, there is a sharp increase in the activity of soil invertase, catalase and dehydrogenase, an active process of humification of soil. The detected concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples of uncultivated farmland do not exceed the standards set for the approximate permissible concentrations, but their quantitative content has increased significantly over the past decade, their accumulation occurs and there is a potential danger in the case of secondary input of these soils into agricultural use.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of the Content of Selected Heavy Metals in the Soils of the Pałuki Region Against their Enzymatic Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Lemanowicz ◽  
Agata Bartkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
The Right ◽  
Very High

Abstract The paper presents the research results for the soils sampled from the area located in the eastern part of the Chodzieskie Lakes, between the Middle Noteć River Valley and the Wełna River Valley, the right tributary of the Warta River. The research involved 7 soil samples from the surface horizons, allocated to the cultivation of various plant species (cereals and vegetable crops). The following were determined in the soil material: the content of phytoavailable forms of selected heavy metals Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Fe and Mn, active and available to plants phosphorus against the activity of selected oxydo-reduction and hydrolytic enzymes. The soil under the vegetable crops showed a very high richness in phosphorus available to plants, which must have been related to an intensive fertilisation. There were identified relatively low contents of the available forms of the heavy metals investigated, the fact that points to their natural content in soil, which triggered the inhibition of neither the oxydo-reduction nor hydrolytic enzymes.

scholarly journals Monitoring of heavy metal contamination of soil and plants (for example, Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd. ex Schlecht.) of natural ecosystems in Chita urban areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Galina Yurievna Samoilenko ◽  
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Bondarevich ◽  
Natalia Nikolaevna Kotsyurzhinskaya ◽  
Igor Anatolyevich Boriskin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Cadmium Lead

The paper presents data on the content of gross and mobile forms of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper in the soils of Chita and its surroundings. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the accumulation (Kn) and movement (KP) coefficients of these microelements in organs ( Potentilla tanacetifolia Willd. ex Schlecht.), relative to their gross content and mobile forms in soils. The authors have revealed that soil samples of the studied sites contain unequal gross amount of heavy metals. In some points (6 and 3) the content of cadmium and zinc exceeded the Mac, that is why such soils have been attributed to heavily polluted. The index of biological activity on mobile forms of heavy metals in all sites significantly exceeded the same index on gross forms. It was found that Potentilla tanacetifolia are accumulators of heavy metal ions. Aboveground bodies accumulate and absorb cadmium and copper especially intensively, thus the content of mobile forms of these metals in the soil is insignificant. Excessive adsorption of trace elements in the phytomass of plants can be connected with surface contamination. According to the content of zinc and lead, the accumulation values in the organs of P. tanacetifolia were characterized by small coefficient values, against the background of their high concentration in the soil.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Water, Soils and Sediments of La Villa River Basin- Panama

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
José Villarreal Núñez ◽  
Adolfo Santo Pineda ◽  
Jhon Villalaz Pérez ◽  
Iván Ramos Zachrisson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
South Central ◽  
Rectangular Area

Determine the concentration of heavy metals in water, sediments, and crops within the La Villa river basin, Herrera and Los Santos provinces, republic of Panama. La Villa river Basin, south central of Panama, in the rainy season of 2016 (May to November) and in the dry season of 2017 (December to April). Twenty two sediments and water samples were taken using the systematic method which consists of selecting sampling points at uniform distances and crops in upper, middle and lower basin. The selected sampling was confined to a preferably rectangular area of 10.0 m x 30.0 m, on which the sub-samples were taken with a number of 15 on each grid, at 0.20m depth. For collecting the water samples, a rod with a clean plastic bottle was introduced against the current of the river. The digestion of sediments and crops to determine the concentration of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd) was carried out according to USEPA (25) method (3051A) (SW-846). In the sediments, in the rainy season, Cu (upper and lower basin) and Mn (all levels) values were found above the USEPA Standards. In the dry season, high values of Mn were found in the middle and lower basin, Cr in the upper and lower basin and As in all areas of the basin. In the rainy and dry seasons, high levels of Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb were found in the waters of the rivers that make up the basin. The main crops at each height of the basin were analyzed, determining high levels of As and Cr in the upper basin, in the middle and lower basin Cr and Cd. It is necessary to monitor the concentration of heavy metals in sediments of La Villa river basin because 90% of the agrochemicals that enter the country is destined for agriculture. Each Panamanian consumes (does not ingest) 3 kg of agrochemicals annually, exceeding six times the amount used in Central America.  Due to their geological origin, these soils are rich in copper, manganese and arsenic, latter being associated with iron oxides and sulfides but there is also great influence of anthropogenic activities, agriculture and industries. Some metals such as lead and arsenic showed low solubility in water but showed high concentration in sediments. Chromium and cadmium present in crops come from water.

scholarly journals The Origin of Heavy Metals and Radionuclides Accumulated in the Soil and Biota Samples Collected in Svalbard, Near Longyearbyen

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kłos ◽  
Zbigniew Ziembik ◽  
Małgorzata Rajfur ◽  
Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka ◽  
Zbigniew Bochenek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Cassiope Tetragona ◽  
Sea Aerosol ◽  
Biota Samples

Abstract Heavy metals and radioactive compounds are potentially hazardous substances for plants, animals and humans in the Arctic. A good knowledge of the spatial variation of these substances in soil and primary producers, and their sources, is therefore essential. In the samples of lichen Thamnolia vermicularis, Salix polaris and Cassiope tetragona, and the soil samples collected in 2014 in Svalbard near Longyearbyen, the concentrations of the following heavy metals were determined: Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg, as well as the activity concentrations of the following: K-40, Cs-137, Pb-210, Pb-212, Bi-212, Bi-214, Pb-214, Ac-228, Th-231 and U-235 in the soil samples. The differences in the concentrations of the analytes accumulated in the different plant species and soil were studied using statistical methods. Sea aerosol was indicated as the source of Pb, Hg, Cs-137, Pb-210 and Th-231 in the studied area. A relatively high concentration of nickel was determined in the biota samples collected near Longyearbyen, compared to other areas of Svalbard. It was supposed that nickel may be released into the atmosphere as a consequence of the local coal mining around Longyearbyen.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contents and enzymatic activity in soils exposed to the impact of road traffic

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Jaworska ◽  
Joanna Lemanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
Car Traffic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of car traffic on the content of selected heavy metals in soil from a park area, and to define the dependency between their content and enzyme activity. Soil samples were collected from 13 points located along a communication route, each 100 m from the next and 50 m from the border of the road. Soil material was obtained from two depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm) and analysed for: pH in H2O and in KCl, OC, and texture by laser method. Total content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni), available phosphorus and the activity of selected enzymes: catalase, dehydrogenase, acidic and alkaline phosphatase were all determined. The examined soils have the texture of loamy sands or sands (USDA 2012), slightly acidic or neutral pH, Organic Carbon (OC) content in the range from 3.50 to 13.80 g kg−1. The total contents of elements in surface horizons were, in order of decreasing concentrations: Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd, although in subsurface horizons it was Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. Contamination Factor (CF) determined for Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu reaches higher values in samples from subsurface horizons, which confirms the influence of car traffic on the content of heavy metals in the surrounding soils. The calculated CF shows contamination is moderate for Ni, Cd, Zn and Cu and high for Pb and Cu. The investigated soils may be classified as class IV (low) in terms of available phosphorus. The activity of the examined enzymes was higher in soil samples collected from the 0–20 cm layer than from 20–40 cm. The correlation analysis indicates a significant positive dependency between OC content in soils and enzymatic activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed. Two principal components PC1 and PC2 account for 66.57% of the variability.

scholarly journals Landscapes of Podillian Tovtry and their pollution with heavy metals

2013 ◽  
pp. 180-192
Author(s):  
Iryna Kuraeva ◽  
Iryna Roga ◽  
Liudmyla Sorokina ◽  
Olexandr Holubtsov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The main features of landscape structure of Podillian Tovtry within the territory of Ternopil region are considered. The content of heavy metals in the soils of the landscapes is analysed by the example of two key areas with different types of landuse. The landscape structure of the territory and the content of heavy metals in soils have been characterized on the basis of results of the authors’ field research. Key words: landscapes; Podillian Tovtry; anthropogenic impact; heavy metals.

Enzymative Activity of Soils in the Activity Territory of the Dzhida Tungsten-Molybdenum Combine (Western Zabaikalie)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
S.B. Sosorova ◽  
I.N. Lavrent’eva ◽  
L.N. Boloneva ◽  
V.L. Ubugunov ◽  
E.G. Tsyrempilov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Western Transbaikalia ◽  
Humus Soil ◽  
Background Soil

The enzymatic activity (catalase, cellulase) of soils and technogenic sand on the territory of the former Dzhida tungsten-molybdenum combine (Western Transbaikalia) was studied. The objects of the study were the surface 0-10 cm layers of alluvial dark humus soil (Fluvisols) as a background, man-made sand (waste after mining and processing of tungsten and molybdenum ores) and soils of recultivated contours № 1, 3, 4. At the same depth, linen cloths were laid to assess the activity of cellulase. Differences in the activity of soil enzymes of the background soil and soils on the studied contours were established, depending on the level of heavy metals content in them and the technologies used for reclamation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Soil Pollution by Some Heavy Metals Via Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Technique in Zakho District, Kurdistan Region - Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Jindy M. Jindy ◽  
Amin K. Qasim ◽  
Sagvan A. Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Quality Metal

In this study, the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) technique has been used in analysing 26 soil samples for five heavy metals: Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+ and Ni2+ in Zakho district, Kurdistan region - Iraq. Heavy metals can be accrued to the soil during the releases of industrial waste, removal of extraordinary quality metal waste, petrochemical falls and etc. In all soil samples, heavy metals concentration was found in the range of 0.541 - 4.339 mg/L for Pb, 0.118 - 0.797 mg/L for Cu, 1.260 - 5.540  mg/L for Zn, 1.315 - 2.102 mg/L for Cr and 1.049 -1.635 mg/L for Ni. As shown in the result, the heavy metals concentration contents increases with fossil fuel combustion, industrial releases, and agricultural activities. However, the results of the AAS technique was found that the high concentration element Pb and Zn were determined than the other elements like Cu, Cr and Ni but less than acceptable limits in all cases. Regarding to achieve data in the recent research, soil of case study can be relatively considered unpolluted, healthy and it is suitable for growth plants and usable for other purposes.

scholarly journals Tolerance of soil bacterial community to tetracycline antibiotics induced by As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Santás-Miguel ◽  
Avelino Núñez-Delgado ◽  
Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
Montserrat Díaz-Raviña ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tetracycline Antibiotics ◽  
Co Tolerance

Abstract. The widespread use of both heavy metals and antibiotics in livestock farming and their subsequent arrival on agricultural soils through manure/slurry spreading has become a problem of vital importance for human health and the environment. In the current research, a laboratory experiment was carried out for 42 days to study co-selection for tolerance of three tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, TC; oxytetracycline, OTC; chlortetracycline, CTC) in soils polluted with heavy metals (As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb) at high concentration levels (1000 mg kg−1 of each one, separately). Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) of the bacterial community was estimated using the leucine incorporation technique. The Log IC50 (logarithm of the concentration causing 50 % inhibition in bacterial community growth) values obtained in uncontaminated soil samples for all the heavy metals tested showed the following toxicity sequence: Cu > As > Cr ≥ Pb ≥ Cd > Zn > Ni. However, in polluted soil samples the toxicity sequence was: Cu > Pb ≥ As ≥ Cd ≥ Cr ≥ Ni ≥ Zn. Moreover, at high metal concentrations the bacterial communities show tolerance to the metal itself, this taking place for all the metals tested in the long term. The bacterial communities of the soil polluted with heavy metals showed also long-term co-tolerance to TC, OTC, and CTC. This kind of studies, focusing on the eventual increases of tolerance and co-tolerance of bacterial communities in agricultural soil, favored by the presence of other pollutants, is of crucial importance, mostly bearing in mind that the appearance of antibiotic resistance genes in soil bacteria could be transmitted to human pathogens.

scholarly journals Soil texture as a key driver of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) distribution in forest topsoils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Łyszczarz ◽  
Jarosław Lasota ◽  
Maria Magdalena Szuszkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Błońska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

AbstractDue to the dynamic development of civilization and the increasing demand for energy, pollution by harmful chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds, is a serious threat to forest soils. The aim of the study was to determine the role of texture in the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace elements in forest soils. The areas with different texture ranging from sand through sandy loam to silt loam were selected for the study. The study was carried out in the Chrzanów Forest District in southern Poland (50° 7′ 18 N; 19° 31′ 29 E), which in one of the most intensive industrial emission zones in Europe. The soil samples for properties determination were collected from locations distributed on a regular grid 100 × 100 m (20 points). The samples were collected from the humus horizon (0–10 cm) after removing organic horizon. Basic chemical properties, heavy metal content, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content and magnetic susceptibility values were determined in soil samples. Additionally, enzymatic activity and microbiological biomass was determined in the samples. Our study confirmed the importance of texture in PAHs distribution. A strong correlation between PAHs content and silt content in the soils studied was noted. The regression tree analysis confirmed the importance of the silt content, followed by soil organic carbon in PAHs distribution. Organic carbon content and nitrogen content played a predominant role in controlling the microbial activity. In our study, we did not note a relationship between enzymatic activity, microbiological soil biomass and the amount of PAHs. This may be due to the effective sorption and immobilization of PAHs by particles of fine fractions, especially silt. Obtained results confirmed the usefulness of magnetic susceptibility in the assessment of heavy metals contamination of forest soils. We noted high correlation between magnetic susceptibility value and heavy metals content. Moreover, the relationship between magnetic susceptibility and soil texture of the topsoil was also observed.

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