scholarly journals Human Capabilities and Instrumental Freedoms Relationship: An Empirical Investigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Nour Eddine Aguenane
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
Social Opportunities ◽  
Political Freedoms ◽  
Instrumental Role

Purpose of the study: In Development as freedom, Amartya Sen confirmed the crucial "instrumental" role of five kinds of freedoms in the promotion of capabilities and therefore in the process of human development in general. These are political freedoms, economic facilities, transparency guarantees, social opportunities, and protective security. This paper has three empirical objectives: 1) to measure the effect of instrumental freedoms on capabilities, 2) to verify if this effect becomes stronger once instrumental freedoms are interconnected, and 3) to verify whether this relationship is moderated by the level of economic development achieved by each country. Methodology: To achieve these three objectives, this article confronts the second-order construct of "instrumental freedoms" (as an exogenous variable) with five first-order constructs (as endogenous variables). The five endogenous latent variables reflect the capabilities of health, education, housing, employment, and communication and mobility at the level of the sixty countries selected as the analysis samples. The estimation of the hierarchical structural model is done using the partial least squares approach and the repeated indicator method. Main Findings: This study highlights three major results: 1) The existence of a significant effect of instrumental freedoms on the five relevant capabilities selected. 2) When instrumental freedoms interconnect, they reinforce each other and their effect on human capabilities becomes stronger. 3) The multi-group analysis suggests that instrumental freedoms positively and significantly impact human capabilities in the same way in both developed and developing countries. Research implications: Freedom plays a "constitutive" and "instrumental" role in the development process. To provide people with the freedom to live according to their aspirations, public policies must be empowering. In other words, they should improve the instrumental perspective of at least three essential freedoms: political freedoms, economic facilities, and transparency guarantees. Novelty/Originality of this study: Apart from the works which attempted to operationalize Amartya Sen's capability approach, the relationship between instrumental freedoms and human capabilities has not been the subject of empirical studies. This paper is intended as a contribution to this field of investigation.

Pengaruh Karakteristik Manajerial Terhadap Kinerja Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil Kota Padang Melalui Orientasi Stratejik

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Yenni Del Rosa ◽  
Imran Agus ◽  
Mohammad Abdilla
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Market Opportunity ◽  
Opportunity Identification ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Maximum Contribution ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
Positive Direct

<p><em>The purpose of this study was to determine the direct and indirect effects of managerial characteristics on BMT performance through a strategic orientation. This research is an explanatory type with a sample of 390 people by purposive sampling. The study was collected using a Likert-style questionnaire and analyzed by SEM method. Exogenous latent variables 7 indicators, endogenous latent variables 6 indicators and endogenous variables 3 indicators. Outer models and inner models meet for SEM analysis. The maximum contribution of each managerial characteristic variable is 93.1% for the indicator of market opportunity identification, the strategic orientation variable is 96.1% for the indicator of making unique products and the BMT performance variable is 97.5% for the sales indicator. Managerial characteristics had a significant positive direct effect on strategic orientation of 22.1%. Managerial characteristics did not have a significant positive direct effect on BMT performance of 7.6%. Strategic orientation has a significant positive direct effect on BMT performance by 32.9%.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efek langsung dan tidak langsung dari karakteristik manajerial pada kinerja BMT melalui orientasi strategis. Penelitian ini adalah tipe eksplanatori dengan jumlah sampel 390 orang secara purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner gaya-Likert dan dianalisis dengan metode SEM. Variabel laten eksogen 7 indikator, variabel laten endogen 6 indikator dan variabel endogen 3 indikator. Model luar dan model dalam bertemu untuk analisis SEM. Kontribusi maksimum dari masing-masing variabel karakteristik manajerial adalah 93,1% untuk indikator identifikasi peluang pasar, variabel orientasi strategis 96,1% untuk indikator pembuatan produk unik dan variabel kinerja BMT adalah 97,5% untuk indikator penjualan. Karakteristik manajerial memiliki efek langsung positif yang signifikan terhadap orientasi strategis 22,1%. Karakteristik manajerial tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung positif yang signifikan terhadap kinerja BMT sebesar 7,6%. Orientasi strategis memiliki pengaruh langsung positif yang signifikan terhadap kinerja BMT sebesar 32,9%.</p><p><em><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals Estimation of the Heritability of Latent Variables Which Are Included in a Structural Model for Metabolic Syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Koch ◽  
Ulrich Julius ◽  
Werner Jaross ◽  
Hans-Egbert Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Model

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationships between Safety Climate and Safety Performance Indicators in Retrofitting Works

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Alaa Nadhim ◽  
Carol K.H. Hon ◽  
Bo Xia ◽  
Ian Stewart ◽  
Dongping Fang
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Relationship

Retrofitting works has become increasingly important in the construction industry, as it plays an effective role in providing solutions to maintain, upgrade or change the functions to the existing or aged buildings. Very often, safety issues of retrofitting works are underestimated because there may be unreported accidents in small projects and there is no separate classification of accident statistics for the retrofitting works within the construction industry. As safety climate is widely regarded as a contributing factor to safety performance, the aim of this research was to examine the relationship between safety climate and safety performance in retrofitting works context. The safety climate questionnaire NOSACQ-50 has been employed to measure safety climate in retrofitting works. Field patrols were undertaken to distribute the safety questionnaires to the local worksites that undertake retrofits in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 264 valid questionnaires were collected. SEM was employed to examine the existence and strength of the relationship between safety climate and safety performance. PLS-SEM was utilised to estimate the parameters of the structural model. The model has exposed a positive relationship between safety climate and safety performance in retrofitting context. This research was the first to examine the relationship between the second order latent variables. A positive relationship (0.60 with 36 percent of explained variance) was found between safety climate and safety performance.

scholarly journals Critical factors that impact purchase online of new telecom convergent services in the Mexican market

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolando Zubirán Shetler ◽  
Jesús Fabian López Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Critical Factors

Key words: Diffusion of innovations, electronic commerce, structural equations, Smart-PLS, technology acceptanceAbstract. The following article analyzes the principal factors that have an impact in the adoption of new telecom convergent services, through electronic commerce, that have been explored and studied primarily in developed markets such as the United States and that have been deemed as critical factors in the development and growth of online electronic transactions. Specifically, factors and latent variables of this study derive from the models of Technology Acceptance (Davis, 1989) and Diffusion of Innovations (Rogers, 2003). A summary of past empirical studies is provided deriving from the aforementioned theoretical models followed by results of an exploratory field study comprising of 253 valid observations randomly selected from within the population of urban internet users in Mexico. The methodology used to determine the causal relationship between variables (Betas) was factor analysis (Principal Components) and structural equation modeling, specifically Smart-PLS. The study determined that perceived utility and trust variables are statistically relevant and significant in determining purchase online of new telecom convergent services and the development of electronic commerce in the Mexican Market.Palabras clave: Aceptación de la tecnología, comercio electrónico, difusión de las innovaciones, ecuaciones estructurales, Smart-PLS.Resumen. Este artículo analiza los principales factores que influyen en la adopción de los nuevos servicios convergentes de telecomunicaciones, a traves del comercio electrónico, que han sido explorados y estudiados principalmente en mercados desarrollados como el de Estados Unidos y que han sido confirmados como factores críticos en el desarrollo y el crecimiento de las transacciones electrónicas en linea. Específicamente, los factores y variables latentes en este estudio se derivan de los modelos de Aceptación de la Tecnología (Davis, 1989) y la Difusión de las Innovaciones (Rogers, 2003). Se presenta un resumen de los antecedentes de estudios empíricos derivados de los mencionados modelos teóricos, seguido de los resultados de un estudio exploratorio de campo que comprende 253 observaciones válidas seleccionadas en forma aleatoria dentro de la población de usuarios urbanos de Internet en México. La metodología utilizada para determinar las relaciones causales entre las variables (Betas) fue análisis factorial (Componentes Principales) y el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, específicamente Smart-PLS. El estudio determina que las variables percepción de utilidad y confianza son estadísticamente relevantes y significativas en la determinación de compra en línea de nuevos servicios convergentes de telecomunicaciones y en el desarrollo del comercio electrónico en el Mercado Mexicano.

scholarly journals Knowledge management systems: structural model of its success determinants in Latin America higher education institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-51
Author(s):  
Vidalina De Freitas ◽  
Guillermo Yáber ◽  
Carlos Zerpa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
Implementation Factors

This study proposes a structural model of the causal relationships that organizational, strategic, technological, and implementation factors have with knowledge management (KM) processes, as well as those between KM processes and the implementation factors for knowledge management systems (KMSs) at higher education institutions (HEIs) in Latin America. The exogenous variables are: culture of sharing, leadership, KM approach, knowledge map, information management strategy, and ICT. In turn, the endogenous variables are: KM processes, system quality, service quality, KMS use, and user satisfaction. A causal, explanatory, cross-sectional, and ex post facto multivariate study was carried out, using a hypothetical–deductive approach. The sample consisted of 374 individuals (academics, administrators, and researchers), belonging to 193 HEIs across 15 Latin American countries. The resulting model presents a partial fit to the data, confirming the explanatory relationships between 12 of the variables. Based on the results obtained from calculation of the direct and indirect effects observed for each of the endogenous variables of the model, the following goodness of fit indices were calculated: absolute (χ2 = 48.908, P-value= .059, PCMIN= 1.397, RMSEA= .075, FMIN= .689) and incremental (GFI= .894, IFI= .790). It is concluded that leadership, KM approach, knowledge map, and ICT positively influence KM processes; KM processes have a causal relationship with system quality and service quality; and system quality and service quality have an influence on KMS use and user satisfaction.

Comparing customer perceptions of hotel and peer-to-peer accommodation advantages and disadvantages

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1190-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Birinci ◽  
Katerina Berezina ◽  
Cihan Cobanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Perceptions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare customer perceptions of hotel and peer-to-peer (e.g. Airbnb) accommodation advantages and disadvantages and examine their influence on customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions. The advantages of each accommodation type are conceptualized through perceived travel experience authenticity, whereas the disadvantages are evaluated through the risks associated with staying at each accommodation type, including product performance risk, time/convenience risk and safety and security risk. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey was designed and disseminated to gather the data necessary to fulfill the study objectives. A total of 391 usable responses were collected for a multi-group analysis of the structural model designed to test the proposed relationships. Findings The multi-group comparison revealed similarities between the peer-to-peer (Airbnb) and hotel guest structural models. Model testing revealed a strong positive relationship between satisfaction and repurchase intention. Perceived authenticity was identified as a statistically significant satisfaction predictor for both accommodation types. Time/convenience and product performance risks were found to be insignificant predictors of guest satisfaction, while safety and security risk appeared to be statistically significant only in the Airbnb sample. Research limitations/implications This study’s recruited sample represented a higher concentration of younger travelers, and, therefore, might only be generalized to the corresponding US traveler group population. Additionally, samples recruited via Amazon’s MTurk may be subject to self-selection bias as any other non-probability samples. Consequently, further research with a larger and more diverse sample is recommended. Practical implications It is recommended for both hotels and Airbnb to strengthen the authenticity of their accommodation offerings to provide a better guest experience and increase consumer satisfaction. Social implications To develop the authenticity component, Airbnb hosts and hotels may offer local experiences to their customers, where guests would be able to engage with the community and to see and feel how the city lives. Such partnerships may not only improve the traveler experiences but also support the local community and strengthen the ties between local businesses. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by advancing understanding of peer-to-peer (Airbnb) versus hotel accommodation consumer preferences. This study offers relevant theoretical constructs for assessing both accommodation types’ advantages and disadvantages.

Destination food image, satisfaction and outcomes in a border context: tourists vs excursionists

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamel Toudert ◽  
Nora L. Bringas-Rábago
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Food Image ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of cognitive destination food image in food expectation, satisfaction and visit outcomes within a local context of the USA–Mexico border. The differences between tourists and excursionists were also assessed for their possible implications in strengthening an active market strategy in the framework of the same objective.Design/methodology/approachFour hypotheses were examined through Squares SEM techniques. The model validation was carried out assessing the measurement and structural model. Additionally a multi-group analysis was performed to test the tourists and excursionists moderation effect. The study used 518 questionnaires completed by US visitors in three important gastronomic regions of the coast of Baja California, Mexico.FindingsThe results suggest that tourists and excursionists obey different dimensions when structuring cognitive destination food image which showed a significant impact on visitor satisfaction and future intentions.Originality/valueThe moderation function of tourists and excursionists in the causal relationships of the research model was analyzed as one of the first explorations in food tourism marketing. In conjunction with other findings, this paper offers specific theoretical and practical implications on how to stimulate gastronomic consumption in these two segments of visitors.

Enhancing consumer engagement in e-commerce live streaming via relational bonds

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyao Hu ◽  
Sohail S. Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Marketplace ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeEnhancing consumer engagement in e-commerce live streaming is critical for e-commerce operators to build relationships and create consumer loyalty. Using the stimulus–organism–response model and theories from relationship marketing, the authors develop and test an integrative conceptual framework that combines various relational bonds, affective commitment, and consumer engagement.Design/methodology/approachUsing 327 valid responses from consumers of Taobao Live, the authors employed the software Mplus7.0 to evaluate the measurement model and the structural model.FindingsThe results empirically demonstrate that social and structural bonds positively affect consumer engagement directly and indirectly via affective commitment, while financial bonds have only an indirect effect via affective commitment on consumer engagement.Practical implicationsThe findings provide useful insights for e-commerce operators, who should invest in establishing relational bonds and stimulating affective commitment to improve consumer engagement.Originality/valueThis study adds to e-commerce research by being one of the first empirical studies on e-commerce live streaming, extends the marketing literature by integrating different relational bonds as antecedents of consumer engagement from the relational perspective, and enriches the affective commitment literature by distinguishing commitment to the online marketplace from commitment to the broadcaster.

Rethinking balanced scorecard (BSC) measures: formative versus reflective measurement models

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungbum Park ◽  
Heeseok Lee ◽  
Seong Wook Chae
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Formative Indicators

Purpose Most empirical balanced scorecard (BSC) studies have shown a tendency to wrongly employ reflective indicators instead of the more theoretically suitable formative indicators. However, formative indicators are difficult to apply due to the lack of statistical software support and a standardized model testing method. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study empirically compares the reflective and formative measurement method with standardized model comparison criteria. After collecting 217 valid questionnaires from companies in South Korea, the authors applied a structural equation modeling technique to analyze the data. Findings The result shows that the formative measure provides greater validity for the corporate performance measurement using BSC. Further, this study shows the indicators’ relative influence on each BSC perspectives using the formative measure. Practical implications This study proved the usefulness of the formative measure analysis method and suggested its practical use, focusing on the indicators most useful in developing corporate strategies. In addition, the authors showed that formative indicators could be used in the corporate environment by overcoming the limitations of conventional studies that were confined to causal relationships with latent variables. Originality/value This study may be the pioneering work that compares formative and reflective indicators simultaneously, addressing the usefulness of formative measurement and its application validity in the existing empirical studies using reflective measurements.

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