scholarly journals Contemporary views on disorders of neuromiyelitis optica spectrum. Clinical case from personal practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Svitlana Shkrobot ◽  
Olena Budarna ◽  
Khrystyna Duve ◽  
Nataliya Tkachuk ◽  
Lyubov Milevska-Vovchyk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Research Issue ◽  
Scientific Report

Neuromyelitis optica (Devic’s disease) is a demyelinating disease of central nervous system. This disease is progressive and might be fatal. The authors have analyzed data of domestic and foreign literature on research issue. The idea of modern laboratory and instrumental survey methods was summarized, because clinical manifestation of the disease may be non-specific and differential searching might be extremely wide. The modern schemes of treatment of described syndrome are represented. As an illustration we used own clinical observation confirmed by the results of neuroimaging. The practical orientation of the represented scientific report is proved. Key words neuromiyelitis optica, differential diagnosis, antibodies to aquaporin-4, demyelinating diseases

scholarly journals Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): A Demyelinating Disease with Specific Morphological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692199356
Author(s):  
Fleur Cordier ◽  
Lars Velthof ◽  
David Creytens ◽  
Jo Van Dorpe
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare immune-mediated inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Its characteristic perivenular demyelination and inflammation aid in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Here, we present a clinical case of ADEM, summarize its histological hallmarks, and discuss pitfalls concerning the most important neuropathological differential diagnoses.

scholarly journals Sarcoidosis Mimicking Crohn Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah N Rubin ◽  
Lauren A George ◽  
Raymond K Cross ◽  
Uni Wong
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Crohn Disease ◽  
Conventional Therapy ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Atypical Symptoms

Abstract Intestinal sarcoidosis can mimic Crohn disease (CD), and it is important to evaluate for alternative diagnoses in patients who present with atypical symptoms or do not respond to conventional therapy. Furthermore, CD, with or without biologic therapy, has been associated with neurological symptoms including neuropathies, myelopathies, thromboembolic, and demyelinating diseases leading to diagnostic uncertainty. We present a case of sarcoidosis of the luminal gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, which mimicked the presentation of CD. This case highlights the need to expand the differential diagnosis in patients who present with atypical symptoms and do not respond to biologic therapy.

scholarly journals COMBINATION OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND HEREDITARY OPTICAL LEBER’S NEUROPATHY. CLINICAL CASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Azalia Aisarovna Sokolova ◽  
◽  
Leonid Sergeevich Zemlyanushin ◽  
Elvira Aysarovna Vashkulatova ◽  
Sofia Mikhailovna Zemlyanushina
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hereditary Optic Atrophy

The article discusses a clinical case of demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis in combination with Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy of the optic nerve (Harding syndrome). The debut of the disease at the age of 24 in the form of a simultaneous bilateral decrease in vision, with subsequent atrophy of the optic nerves in both eyes. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was confi rmed according to the 2017 McDonald criteria, the diagnosis of Leber’s disease was confi rmed by genetic testing. An important point in the diff erential diagnosis was the identifi cation of the G3460A mutation in the ND1 gene and intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G.

Psychiatric Presentations of Central Nervous System Tumors

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S499-S499
Author(s):  
L. Maia ◽  
A. Sofia Coutinho ◽  
G.C. Irina ◽  
L. Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Important Differential Diagnosis

IntroductionFor the most part, central nervous system (CNS) tumors present themselves with focal neurologic sing or manifestations resulting from increased intracranial pressure. However, in particular cases, these tumors may present exclusively psychiatric symptoms.ObjectiveThis communication explores importance of CNS tumors as differential diagnosis of various psychiatric disorders.AimsHighlight the need of acknowledging this important differential diagnosis (CNS tumors) in current psychiatry practice, while presenting a clinical case as an example of the subject.MethodsIt is exposed a bibliographic review of the topic, followed by the description of a clinical case regarding a patient with pituitary adenoma and simultaneous installation of psychotic symptoms namely delusional paranoid ideation.ResultsThe authors present a case report of a 66-year-old patient admitted compulsively in a Psychiatric ward in the context of behavioral changes associated with delusional ideation of paranoid content. Multidisciplinary assessed by specialties of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Endocrinology and Psychology, concluded by the presence of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma associated with cognitive major disturbance.ConclusionsThe tumors of the CNS can be associated with a whole variety of psychiatric symptoms such as psychosis, anxiety, depression or cognitive impairment, even in the absence of organic/neurological symptoms. Its role in the genesis of psychiatric symptomatology makes these neoplasias an important differential diagnosis, whose clinical approach should include different medical specialties integrated as a multidisciplinary team.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Multiple sclerosis: etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment (clinical lecture)

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
G. Chuprina
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Partial Restoration ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of an infectious and allergic origin, which usually begins at a young age, manifested by signs of a multifocal lesion mainly in the central nervous system, it has a remitting, less progressive nature of the course, often leads to disability. Multiple sclerosis is the most famous and widespread throughout the globe demyelinating diseases of the nervous system. According to the prevalence, it ranks fourth after cerebral stroke, epilepsy and parkinsonism, and is among the so-called "Four riders of the neurological apocalypse", according to their medical consequences and social consequences. The main variants of the development of multiple sclerosis are remitting, secondary and primary-progressive flow. The remitting flow (85-90% of patients in the early stages of the disease) is characterized by pronounced exacerbations followed by complete or partial restoration of impaired functions without signs of progression during remission periods. With secondary progressive scattered sclerosis, the remitting nature changes with a gradual increase in neurological symptoms with or without rare exacerbations, with minor stabilization or remission periods. A similar transformation is observed 10 years after the onset of the disease in almost 50% of patients, and in 25 years - in 80% of patients. At the primary progressive scattered (10-15%) progression is noted from the very beginning with isolated periods of stabilization and temporary minor improvement. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, diagnostics, differential diagnosis, treatment of multiple sclerosis are considered.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in Rare Demyelinating Disease of the Central Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8409
Author(s):  
Marina Boziki ◽  
Styliani-Aggeliki Sintila ◽  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Nikolaos Grigoriadis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Biomarker Research

Rare neurological diseases are a heterogeneous group corresponding approximately to 50% of all rare diseases. Neurologists are among the main specialists involved in their diagnostic investigation. At the moment, a consensus guideline on which neurologists may base clinical suspicion is not available. Moreover, neurologists need guidance with respect to screening investigations that may be performed. In this respect, biomarker research has emerged as a particularly active field due to its potential applications in clinical practice. With respect to autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the Central Nervous System (CNS), although these diseases occur in the frame of organ-specific autoimmunity, pathology of the disease itself is orchestrated among several anatomical and functional compartments. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes, but is not limited to, rare neurological diseases. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) needs to be differentially diagnosed from rare MS variants, Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM), the range of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSDs), Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease and other systemic inflammatory diseases. Diagnostic biomarkers may facilitate timely diagnosis and proper disease management, preventing disease exacerbation due to misdiagnosis and false treatment. In this review, we will describe advances in biomarker research with respect to rare neuroinflammatory disease of the CNS.

Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 540-547
Author(s):  
W. Oliver Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis is the most common idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with a prevalence of 1 in 500 to 1 in 2,000 people, depending on geography and various other factors. Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases are a group of related disorders that include acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein–immunoglobulin G–associated CNS demyelinating disease.

Pathologic Factors and Spectrum of Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 531-539
Author(s):  
Claudia F. Lucchinetti ◽  
Yong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Autoreactive T Cells ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of nontraumatic disability in young adults. It is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Traditionally, MS has been considered an autoimmune disorder consisting of myelin autoreactive T cells that drive an inflammatory process, leading to secondary macrophage recruitment and subsequent myelin destruction. However, accumulating data based on increasing numbers of probes that can be effectively applied to MS tissue have indicated that the events involved in the immunopathogenesis of MS may be more complicated.

scholarly journals Cellular approaches to central nervous system remyelination stimulation: thyroid hormone to promote myelin repair via endogenous stem and precursor cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Calzà ◽  
Mercedes Fernandez ◽  
Luciana Giardino
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Repair

Brain and spinal cord repair is a very difficult task in view of the extremely limited repair capability of the mature central nervous system (CNS). Thus, cellular therapies are regarded as a new frontier for both acute and chronic neurological diseases characterized by neuron or oligodendroglia degeneration. Although cell replacement has been considered as the primary goal of such approaches, in recent years greater attention has been devoted to the possibility that new undifferentiated cells in damaged nervous tissue might also act in autocrine–paracrine fashion, regulating the micro-environment through the release of growth factor and cytokines, also regulating immune response and local inflammation. In this review, repair of demyelinating disease using endogenous cells will be discussed in view of the critical role played by thyroid hormones (THs) during developmental myelination, focusing on the following points: 1) endogenous stem and precursor cells during demyelinating diseases; 2) TH homeostasis in the CNS; 3) cellular and molecular mechanism regulated by TH during developmental myelination and 4) a working hypothesis to develop a rationale for the use of THs to improve remyelination through endogenous stem and precursor cells in the course of demyelinating diseases.

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