scholarly journals Cytogenetic analysis in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells of the workers who come into contact with pesticides

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Nataliya A. Ilyushina ◽  
Yulia V. Demidova ◽  
Mariya A. Makarova ◽  
Alexey Grigoryevich Ilyushin ◽  
Olga V. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Accumulation Of Damage ◽  
Cytogenetic Parameters

Introducton. Due to the increasing volumes of toxic substances entering the environment, including genotoxicants, it becomes necessary to conduct studies to assess their impact on people living in areas with high levels of pollutants, as well as people working in hazardous conditions. Epidemiological studies, in which damage to hereditary structures in human cells is assessed, in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells mainly, are carried out to determine the real genetic risk. Materials and methods. Samples of buccal epithelium were used. The study involved 69 people: 28 in the control group and 41 in the group of persons who were in contact with pesticides. The cytomorphological analysis took into account the following indicators: cytogenetic, cell proliferation, early and late destruction of nuclei. Results. The frequency of occurrence of the cells with micronuclei and protrusions in persons who were in contact with pesticides during their professional activities was increased 2.2 times, the frequency of cells with atypical nuclei - 2.5 times (differences in cytogenetic parameters between the groups were statistically insignificant). Statistically significant changes in the proliferation indicator were revealed - the frequency of cells with two nuclei (1.6 times), as well as the destruction indicators - karyorrhexis (4.5 times more often in nonsmokers and 8.2 times more often in smokers who work with pesticides) and karyolysis (the frequency of cells with initial karyolysis was increased by 3.4 times and 3.2 times with complete karyolysis). The index of accumulation of damage disorders was shown to be 4 times higher. Conclusion. The obtained data indicate an increased risk of damage to the genetic apparatus of cells in persons whose professional activities are associated with testing and using pesticides.

scholarly journals Development of Late-Onset Preeclampsia in Association with Road Densities as a Proxy for Traffic-Related Air Pollution

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wu ◽  
Jean-Jacques Ries ◽  
Elena Proietti ◽  
Deborah Vogt ◽  
Sinuhe Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Road ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Early Late

Introduction: Previous epidemiological studies indicate an association between maternal exposure to air pollution and an increased risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. We analyzed the association between the occurrence of mild/severe and early-/late-onset preeclampsia (PE) and traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). Materials and Methods: Based on retrospective data, 50 pregnant women with PE were selected and matched with a control group of healthy pregnant women according to their age, parity, and number of fetuses. The total length of major roads around the women's home within a radius of 100, 200, 300, and 500 m and the distances from the domicile to the nearest ‘first class' main road and freeway were used as a proxy indicator of TRAP. We compared a PE subgroup and control group in terms of their exposure to TRAP. Results: Late-onset PE cases showed a significantly higher occurrence with density of major roads within a radius of 100-300 m compared to early onset cases (p = 0.006; 0.02; 0.04). In addition, a significantly shorter distance to the nearest ‘first class' main road was observed in late-onset PE cases (p = 0.0078). Conclusions: Exposure to TRAP during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk for the development of late-onset PE.

Genomic Instability in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Using Hydroxyurea Assessed by Micronucleus Assay.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3801-3801
Author(s):  
Joao R. Friedrisch ◽  
Sharbel W. Maluf ◽  
Christina M. Bittar ◽  
Maria A. Silva ◽  
Lucia M. Silla
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Hydroxyurea (HU) is an antineoplastic drug, which also plays an important role in treatment of sickle cell disease patients (SCD). Short-term HU toxicities primarily include transient myelosuppression, but long-term HU risks have not been defined. The mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of HU is not established, although HU has been associated with an increased risk of leukemia in some patients with myeloproliferative disorders. In the present study we analyzed the presence of DNA damage in patients with SCD treated with HU, in peripheral blood lymphocytes, using micronucleus assay. We analyzed 36 patients with SCD (16 males and 20 females), aged 2–59 years (mean 25,75 ± 14,5), received oral HU median dose of 26,5 mg/Kg/day, for a period of 0.6– 11,8 years (mean 5,01). The control group was composed of 34 healthy individuals (16 males and 18 females), aged 4–52 years (mean 26,61 ± 7,20). The results revealed that frequency of micronucleus was significantly higher in SCD patients using HU than in controls(p=0,0182). This study indicates a possible genotoxicity of the HU, although further works are necessary to evaluate its mutagenicity.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Studies on Groups Exposed to Pesticides in Baghdad

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Basheer I. Azawei ◽  
Nahi Y. Yassein ◽  
Zahra M. Al-Khafaji ◽  
Sura N. Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Human Cytogenetic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cytogenetic Parameters

Pesticides effect human cytogenetic parameters adversely. This negative effect can be monitored in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The study conducted to investigate the effect of pesticides (mixture) on some cytogenetic parameters in risk groups represented by farmers, pesticide sellers and pesticide manufacture workers (all of them were men ), each group involved 25 person in addition to control group (25 men) from Baghdad university staff. The cytogenetic parameters studied were; estimation of chromosomal aberrations (CA), induction of micronuclei (Mn) and mitotic index ( MI ). Results showed that the chromosomal aberrations spontaneous was less than 1% (Control group ), then these abnormalities increased in farmer, sellers and pesticides workers (1.48 % , 2.86 % , 3.42 % respectively ) . Mn profile was similar to CA as represented direte or indirect parameter. MI in farmers was with no significance compared to control group (1.72) (P<0.01), but it was lowred to 1.35 in sellers, and to 1.2 in workers with significant difference (P<0.01).

scholarly journals Micronucleus frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes in a Serbian human population exposed to pesticides

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubravka Jovicic ◽  
Jelena Pajic ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Boban Rakic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Micronucleus Tests ◽  
Cytogenetic Parameters

Micronucleus (MN) is a biomarker widely used in biomonitoring studies for determining the genetic risk associated with exposure to pesticides. The purpose of this study was to assess damage to the genetic material of workers occupationally exposed to pesticides as detected in micronucleus tests. The research included 119 subjects divided into three groups: a control group of 39 subjects, a group of 40 subjects exposed to pesticides as producers and a group of 40 pesticide applicators in the field. A Mann-Whitney U-test displayed statistically significant differences between the parameter means of all variables, and the control group. Significant differences were observed between males involved in pesticide production and application for the parameter MN4, then between non-smoking producers and applicators regarding parameters MN2, MN3, MN4 and NB, as well as between the control and applicator groups for parameter MN2, and between producers and applicators for parameter MN3. Spearman?s correlation test showed a positive correlation between the frequency of micronuclei and age of respondents, as well as their smoking habits. A statistically significant difference in relation to cytogenetic parameters was detected between the respondents working in pesticide production and those working in the field. The results suggest that applicators in the field do not use adequate personal protective equipment. Regular biological monitoring of workers exposed to pesticides is required.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NUCLEAR CHANGES IN THE BUCCAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF TOBACCO USERS IN NNEWI, SOUTH EAST NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
SAMUEL IFEDIORANMA OGENYI1 ◽  
ANTHONY AJULUCHUKWUNGOKERE ◽  
JONATHAN MADUKWE
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buccal Smear ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nuclear Changes

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate nuclear changes in the buccal epithelial cells of commercial bus drivers using tobacco in Nnewi. Tobacco use constitutes a major risk factor of oral lesions, due to its genotoxic and mutagenic effects on the buccal cavity epithelial cells. Methods: One hundred and twenty-three subjects, consisting of 83 tobacco users (test group) and 40 tobacco and alcohol non-users (control group) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Buccal smear was obtained from each participant, processed, and stained with the Papanicolaou staining method. Two hundred cells were counted for each stained slide and the percentage of various nuclear changes determined, and the repair index calculated. Comparisons of nuclear changes between and within groups were carried out using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Micronuclei were the most prevalent nuclear changes (100%) while broken egg nuclei were the least (15.2%). Nuclear changes were most prevalent among snuffers (33.42%). A statistically significant difference (p˂0.05) was observed when the median values of nuclear changes were compared in different study groups and control subjects. Similarly, the prevalence of nuclear changes increased with the age of subjects and the duration of tobacco use, whereas the repair index decreased with increased prevalence. Conclusion: Increased nuclear changes were observed in the buccal epithelial cells of tobacco users, with snuff inhalation slightly impacting more severe effects than cigarette smoking. Buccal smear cytology may constitute an effective screening method for precancerous lesions amongst tobacco users.

scholarly journals Micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in buccal epithelial cells of children with chronic kidney disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Aykanat ◽  
Gonca Cakmak Demircigil ◽  
Necla Buyan ◽  
Esra Baskin ◽  
Kaan Gulleroglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Condensed Chromatin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Binucleated Cells ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
And Gender

Abstract The objective of this study was to reveal the likely genomic instability in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using micronucleus (MN) assay on buccal epithelial cells (BEC). We investigated the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies, such as nuclear buds, binucleated cells, condensed chromatin, and karyorrhectic and pyknotic cells in BEC. Children with CKD were grouped as follows: children in the pre-dialysis (PreD) stage (N=17), children on regular haemodialysis (HD) (N=14), and children who have undergone transplantation (Tx) (N=17). As a control group, twenty age- and gender-matched healthy children were selected. The MN frequency in BEC of all groups of children with CKD was significantly elevated (5- to 7-fold) as compared to the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, the frequencies of nuclear buds were not significantly higher in the study groups compared to the control group. The frequencies of binucleated cells and condensed chromatin cells were significantly higher in all subgroups of children with CKD relative to the control group (p<0.001). Our results show that the BEC of pediatric PreD, HD, and Tx patients with CKD display increased cytogenetic, cytokinetic, and cytotoxic effects. They also point to the sensitivity and usefulness of the BEC MN assay in the assessment of genetic susceptibility of patients with CKD.

scholarly journals Clinical Assessment and Cytomorphometric Analysis of Buccal Mucosal Cells in Behçet’s Disease Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Dalya Mohammed ◽  
Layla S Yas
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Eye Lesions

Background: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a disorder of systemic inflammatory condition. Its important features are represented by recurrent oral, genital ulcerations and eye lesions. Aims. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate and compare cytological changes using morphometric analysis of the exfoliated buccal mucosal cells in Behçet’s disease patients and healthy controls, and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of Behçet’s disease. Methods. Twenty five Behçet’s disease patients have been compared to 25 healthy volunteers as a control group. Papanicolaou stain was used for staining the smears taken from buccal epithelial cells to be analyzed cytomorphometrically. The image analysis software has been used to evaluate cytoplasmic, nuclear areas and the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (N/C). Results. The cytoplasmic and nuclear area of buccal cells of Behçet’s disease cases were significantly smaller than those of healthy volunteers. However, the N/C ratio remained the same when compared between both groups. All patients had recurrent oral ulcer and none of the patient had cardiac and pulmonary symptoms. Conclusion. Cytomorphometric analysis and exfoliative cytology techniques have the ability to detect the alterations in buccal epithelial cells caused by Behçet’s disease.

scholarly journals Genotoxic biomarkers in employees of pathomorphological laboratories working with formaldehyde (systematic review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 792-802
Author(s):  
Natal'ya V. Eremina ◽  
Aliy K. Zhanataev ◽  
Andrey D. Durnev
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Laboratory Personnel ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Fold Excess

Introduction. A systematic review and analysis of literature on genotoxic examinations of individuals occupationally exposed to formaldehyde vapors (FAV) when working in pathomorphological laboratories of medical institutions has been performed. Formaldehyde is classified by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer as a class I carcinogen. Many studies have been published concerning testification of the genotoxic damage of pathomorphological laboratory personnel working with formaldehyde, identification using various biomonitoring cytogenetic methods, in particular, the micronucleus test in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal epithelial cells, a chromosomal aberrations test, and the DNA comet assay.Material and methods. Literature was searched until December 2019 using the MedLine / PubMed database of scientific literature (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed). Key search terms included formaldehyde laboratory micronuclei, formaldehyde laboratory chromosomal aberration, or formaldehyde laboratory DNA comet. Full-text articles published in English in journals with assigned DOIs were considered.Results. All studies reported the presence of FAV in the workplace, while in only half of the cases the level of formaldehyde was not higher than the maximum permissible values. The average exposure to formaldehyde over an 8-hour working day was 0.79 ± 0.43 mg/m3. All studies reported the presence of an increased level of the studied cytogenetic biomarkers compared to controls. A total analysis of the data showed more than a 2.5-fold excess in the level of micronuclei in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of laboratory workers compared with the control groups (8.15 ± 2.57 ‰ vs. 3.56 ± 1.15 ‰; p &lt; 0.05), and more than a 5-fold excess in case of the level of micronuclei in buccal epithelial cells (0.83 ± 0.09 ‰ vs. 0.16 ± 0.01 ‰; p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion. Thus, pathomorphological laboratory personnel exposed to FAV is at potential risk to life and health from the long-term impact of genotoxic eff

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