CROSS PLATFORM BASED SMART GREENHOUSE APPLICATION

In this study, an application has been made in the field of agriculture over the internet of things that are frequently needed in our lives with the developing technology. Due to the increasing human population and consumption needs, countries have begun use agricultural areas and the energy used in agricultural areas more effectively. It is known that temperature and humidity values are critical in greenhouses used in agricultural areas. For this reason, the temperature and humidity values were measured from four different points of the greenhouse by wireless communication in the greenhouse and these values were sent to the main station, and then the greenhouse supervisors were given the opportunity to monitor instantly with Flutter. In addition, if the temperature in the greenhouse falls below the value determined by the responsible people, the greenhouse workers are warned with the help of an audible warning.

Socio-economic status and lifestyle of female greenhouse workers

The aim of the study was to assess the socio-economic factors and some components of the lifestyle of female workers in greenhouse farms in the Voronezh region for the period 2018-2019. Materials and methods. The research material was the results of a questionnaire survey of 451 female worker of agricultural enterprises in the Voronezh region. The results were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. The study showed female workers in greenhouse farms in the area in most cases had a low level of income (less than 8 thousand roubles/family member), only 60.31% of female workers had good living conditions. Most of the female workers (79.82%) had specialized secondary education. Characteristics of the marital status of greenhouse workers in the studied production groups showed that only half of the workers were officially married (55.21%). Informal relationships and divorces were found much more often in vegetable and mushroom female growers. A registered marriage was seen less frequently than in the control group. The income level of fewer than 8 thousand rubles per family member was of decisive importance for the possibility of marriage. It was also associated with a low level of quality of relations between partners. According to the survey, the majority of female workers had good family relations (71.62%). Inappropriate and awful relationships were observed only in families with less than 8 thousand rubles per capita income, and excellent - only at a higher income level. The majority of the surveyed women was found to have bad habits: 88.16 - 90.74% of women indicated alcohol consumption, without significant differences between the studied groups; significantly more often smoking cigarettes was observed among vegetable and mushroom growers in comparison with the control group - 34.29% and 28.57%, respectively, versus 13.89%. Conclusion. The determining factors of the quality of life were the levels of per capita income and education, which influence all aspects of the lifestyle, including bad habits.

Association between Exposure to Pesticides and Cognitive Function in Greenhouse Workers (Case Study: Ahmadabad Village of Yazd Province)

Introduction: Exposure to pesticides in greenhouse workers is associated with several health outcomes, such as cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to pesticides and cognitive function in Yazd city greenhouse workers and those living in the proximity of the greenhouses. Materials and Methods: In this study, three groups of participants were selected, including the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of the greenhouses, and the control group. A semi-quantitative assessment of pesticide exposure was used to calculate the subjects’ cumulative pesticide exposure as a proxy for long-term exposure to pesticides. Blood level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured as a biomarker of effect. Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Mini–mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess cognitive functions (including memory, executive functions, attention, visual, and verbal functions). Results: Mean cholinesterase activity in the greenhouse workers (average = 7009.3 U/L) was lower than the two other groups. The results of the cognitive function score for both FAB and MMSE tests did not show a significant difference between the direct exposure and indirect exposure groups, although the cognitive function score in the pesticide applicators was lower than the two other study groups (e.g. for FAB score: 13.89, 14.55, and 15.4 for the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of greenhouses, and the control group). The results also showed that in the direct exposure group, those with lower levels of cholinesterase activity also had a lower cognitive function. Conclusion: The findings indicated that there is a potential link between impaired cognitive function and exposure to pesticides in the greenhouse workers.

Pesticides Residues in Blood Serum and Their Adverse Effects on Multi- Biomarkers in Occupationally Exposed Greenhouse Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hamadan City, Iran

The cultivation of greenhouse crops is the most severe form of crop production in Iran, and vast quantities of unreasonable pesticides are being utilized to control pests. The residual level of blood pesticides and its correlation with multi- biomarkers were determined to evaluate the adverse health consequences on greenhouse workers in the Hamdan city of Iran. Participants were 180 adult males, including 90 greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides and 90 control individuals. The residue analyses revealed that 64 out of the 90 workers had residues of dichlorvos, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos in their blood serum; and 56.25% out of these workers were exposed for > 15 years period. The residues of all three pesticides were higher than the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) in all the exposure duration categories. Comparisons of hematological parameters showed that mean monocyte (P < 0.001), lymphocyte (P < 0.001) and platelet counts (P = 0.001), mean platelet volume (P = 0.002), and plateletcrit (PCT) (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in workers than in controls, whereas hemoglobin (HB) (P = 0.028), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) (P < 0.001) were lower in workers than controls. These results show that exposure to different pesticides was associated with alterations in some biochemical and hematological parameters. Prevention and intervention programs can be effective in eliminating pesticide-related alterations among agricultural workers.

Application of assessment of deviations of hematological indices as a sign of destabilization of homeostasis in greenhouse workers

Introduction. Sustainable socio-economic development of any country depends on the state of its labor resources, the quality of which is determined by the number and level of health of the working-age population. The current stage of development of society is characterized by the need to increase the efficiency of agriculture. An important role in the implementation of this task belongs to greenhouses. Purpose. To investigate the hematological indices in greenhouse workers and determine their significance as early signs of the destabilization of homeostasis and the development of occupational diseases. Material and methods. In the present work, laboratory studies were conducted on greenhouse workers. Results. A routine laboratory examination workers in the greenhouse economy to show abnormalities in the blood system. The average hemoglobin level in the main group was 106.00 ± 9.04 g / l. White blood changes in the form of neutrophilic leukocytosis were detected in 8.82 ± 3.46%, lymphocytosis in 39.71 ± 5.98%, eosinophilia in 14.71 ± 4.33% of all examined individuals of the main group. Discussion. Significant changes were revealed depending on the duration of exposure to adverse factors and manifested by the formation of an anemic syndrome, lymphocytosis, increased allergization, severe thrombocytopenia. Conclusion. The results obtained can serve as one of the criteria for the early diagnosis of chronic intoxication.

Injury Prevention by Design: Measuring Greenhouse Worker Social Sustainability for Redesigned Equipment

The greenhouse industry is a multibillion-dollar sector of U.S. agricultural production. Greenhouse workers often experience hazardous working conditions placing them at risk for injury. These injuries include but are not limited to mechanized operations causing machine and tool related injuries, on-site shipping and loading practices placing excessive strain on a worker’s body, working from height leading to slips and falls, and a strenuous indoor working environment exceeding workers’ physical capabilities. This project focused on identifying greenhouse worker injury trends using workers’ compensation data from the Midwest region and observing and interviewing workers at one specific greenhouse company host site. Physical exertion, lifting and handling, and falls were all high value workers’ compensation problems for Midwestern regional greenhouses. A new piece of equipment and process was designed to prevent worker injury identified within the host site. The baseline risk from the original equipment was compared to the new equipment using a newly proposed indicator of social sustainability based on a validated safety professional tool, the risk assessment matrix (RAM), was utilized. The RAM found a reduction in risk between the original and new equipment. The new equipment design and process exhibited improvement in six out of the eleven hazards identified in the RAM. These improvements addressed lifting and handling concerns. Combining workers’ compensation data analysis, on-site observation, and worker interviews together was an effective method to rapidly deploy and design safer and thus more socially sustainable equipment for greenhouse workers.