The theme of the paper is the geographical characteristics of the Pag Island, whichbelongs to the Zadar region in South Croatia. (Dalmatia). The author gives carefulconsideration to its geographical position, extension and size, physiogeographical features(geology, geomorphology), speleological characteristics, climate, land and sea waters,vegetation, soils) and sociogeographic characteristics. Special attention is paid to the historicgeographical aspect of the development and population in three districts of the island (Pag, Povljana, Novalja). The characteristics of population structures are generally unfavourable. The final part of the paper includes the characteristics of economy and social superstructure. Sheep-breeding, tourism and local industry show the greatest deal of vitality. The author analyses perspectives and dilemmas concerning the development of the island under complex conditions of the administrative division between two counties.