scholarly journals A Development of a Modal Shift Policy to Encourage Coastal Shipping in Korea

2007 ◽  
Vol null (55) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Kim Sang Youl ◽  
DONG KEUN RYOO
Keyword(s):  
Modal Shift ◽  
Coastal Shipping

Performance of Major US Shipyards in 20th/21st Century

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
William O. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
Ww Ii ◽  
Coastal Shipping ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Efficient Manufacturing

Since WW II, major US shipbuilders have been unable to compete in price with shipyards in other parts of the world, and often the quality from US yards has been inferior to world standards. Furthermore, the mistaken US government assumption that shipyards and ship owners have a common interest has led to laws to protect American yards from competition. It has also caused commercial shipping to lose out to alternative forms of transportation such as trains, trucks, pipelines, and tug/barge rigs from more efficient smaller yards and crews. The "US built" requirement of the 1920 Jones Act for domestic cargo has been a prime reason for this modal shift. Tragically for coastal shipping, most large US shipyards have failed to adopt the efficient manufacturing lessons of pioneers such as Admiral "Jerry" Land and Henry Kaiser that led to the "WW II shipbuilding miracle," that built nearly 6,000 merchant ships in 5 years, a feat that Winston Churchill said "saved Europe." After WW II, while foreign yards adopted these efficiency measures, that did not happen here, and our yards suffered from few repeat orders because of their high prices. Drawing heavily on SNAME's Journal of Ship Production pioneered by Professors Bunch, Storch, and Lamb, this paper describes not only the history and "secrets" of many successful yards abroad, but also many of the failures in US shipyards during the same Post WW II period. As a result of their failures, and despite "US Friendly" laws, big US yards seldom got multiple repeat orders which they rightly believe might solve their problems. The paper concludes that because of the very serious congestion now occurring on our near-coastal highways, together with major environmental and economic incentives to take cargo "off the roads and rails" should give US shipbuilders a new golden opportunity. Efficient yards should be able to get major repeat orders for a new fleet of fast roll-on/roll-offs (Ro/Ros) and feeder container ships, however, only if they will finally after nearly 60 years adopt the "lean production" principles pioneered in WW II and then exported to Asia and Europe.

Railway's Impacts on Modal Shift Potential Towards Intermodal Transportation: A Case Study in Lao PDR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
Klairung Ponanan ◽  
Wachira Wichitphongsa
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
The Silk Road

Chinese government has developed transport infrastructure rapidly under Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) strategy. The BRI strategy is China's economic development strategies for expanding trade and cultural influence towards countries in western and eastern regions, including ASEAN. The development of BRI strategy is consists of two main components i.e., (i) the Silk Road Economic Belt, follows the historical overland Silk Road through Central Asia, Iran, Turkey and eventually to Europe, and (ii) the Maritime Silk Road, originates in the South China Sea, passing through the Malacca Strait, the Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea and extending into the Mediterranean Sea (Chris & Elizabeth, 2015). Due to the BRI strategy, more than 6000 trains made the journey from China to Europe in 2018, which is an increase of 72% compared to 2017. China has sent more than 11,000 freight trains to Europe and back since the BRI strategy was announced in 2013. Railway networks have been constructed under the BRI strategy for connecting 48 Chinese cities with 42 cities in Europe through Asia. There are many railway infrastructures under the BRI strategy. The China – Laos railway (Vientiane–Boten railway) is one of project under the Silk Road Economic Belt that has been developed for serving as a key infrastructure for the economic corridor between the two countries. In nearly future, this railway will be helped to boost trade, investment and tourism for Lao PDR. and south China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Vientiane–Boten railway, especially transportation time will attract both travelers and Logistics Service Providers (LSP), which can be reduced time of journey compared with road mode. In this paper, modal shift potential of travelers and freight on Kunming-Bangkok Highway (R3A), AH2, AH8, AH9, AH10, AH12, AH13, and AH18 have been investigated by considering behavioral aspects of long distance travel. Keywords: Mode Split Model, Modal Shift, Vientiane–Boten railway, Travel Behaviour

Beach Town

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hilliard
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
First World War ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
World War ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
Coastal Shipping ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
First World

The chapter surveys post-First World War Littlehampton, a coastal town where tourism and hospitality had overtaken maritime trade, but where coastal shipping and ship-building remained important industries. The libel case unfolded in the Beach Town district, where Littlehampton’s hotels and apartment houses were concentrated. Many of the tradesmen, small businesswomen, labourers, and domestics who serviced the tourism and hospitality industry lived in the neighbourhood. Working from the evidence George Nicholls gathered, census records, and documents in the Littlehampton Museum, the chapter provides an anatomy of the neighbourhood and then examines the families at the centre of the dispute, their economic and social position, and relationships within the household, which were often marked by violence.

scholarly journals A Review of Port Initiatives to Promote Freight Modal Shifts in Europe: Evidence from Port Governance Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5907
Author(s):  
Marta Gonzalez-Aregall ◽  
Kevin Cullinane ◽  
Inge Vierth
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Intermodal Transportation ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Port Authorities ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Northern Regions

This study analyses how port governance systems in Europe have influenced the implementation of port initiatives focused on promoting modal shifts in freight transportation. Through a comprehensive review of port strategies, this research identified 49 individual modal shift initiatives among 21 port authorities in Europe. The results show that ports located in the Northern regions and managed by local governments, particularly in Belgium and the Netherlands, are leaders in executing strategies for modal shifts in freight transportation. Technological solutions and promoting intermodal transportation were found to be the most popular initiatives used to promote hinterland movements of freight by rail and waterborne transportation.

Impact of Odd–Even Scheme on Travel Pattern in Delhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Palak Thakur ◽  
Sharif Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Travel Pattern ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Perception Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Transport Services

The paper intends to assess the impact of the odd–even scheme on the travel pattern of the daily commuters in Delhi. The objective of the paper is to assess the impact of the odd–even scheme on mode choice for daily work trips, shift in travel patterns – before, during, and post-implementation – of the odd–even scheme, and to understand people perception regarding the odd–even scheme. Based on the primary survey, the paper concludes that the odd–even scheme brought a significant impact in the travel pattern in terms of occupancy, travel cost, travel time, and modal shift, and statistically not so much on the air quality gain. It was observed that the scheme helped increase the occupancy rate in cars as well as ridership of buses and Delhi metro. The scheme had a huge impact on congestion, which was evident from both perception analysis and the change in travel time. The modal shift, with an improvement in public transport services and a reduction in car users, is one of the key successes of the scheme resulting in decrease in air pollution caused by private vehicles. To improve the outcome of the odd–even scheme on air pollution, two-wheelers should not be exempted going forward.

scholarly journals Impacts of E-Micromobility on the Sustainability of Urban Transportation—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5851
Author(s):  
Buket Şengül ◽  
Hamid Mostofi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Sharp Growth ◽  
Travel Behaviors ◽  
Insight Into

When considering the sharp growth rate of the use of e-micromobility vehicles, such as e-scooters and e-bikes, it is necessary to investigate whether these emerging modes of transport play a sustainable role in cities in terms of their energy efficiency, emissions, and their relationship with other modes of mobility, such as public transport. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of e-micromobility through a systematic review of relevant studies in the field of e-scooters and e-bikes. We followed the steps of PRISMA to conduct a systematic literature review, including identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion steps. One hundred forty-six studies were reviewed and compiled, and 29 of these studies were selected for the focus of this review and their research data were synthesized. The impacts of e-micromobilities were categorized into four categories—travel behaviors, energy consumption, environmental impacts, and safety and related regulations. The category of travel behaviors includes the analysis of the purposes of travel, modal shift from different modes of transport to e-micromobility vehicles, average travel time, and distance. In this review, the findings of relevant studies in different cities around world are compared to each other and synthesized to give an insight into the role of e-micromobility in the present and in the future of urban transportation.

scholarly journals Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions—Positive or Negative?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5567
Author(s):  
Moneim Massar ◽  
Imran Reza ◽  
Syed Masiur Rahman ◽  
Sheikh Muhammad Habib Abdullah ◽  
Arshad Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Interval Estimate ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Vehicle Mile Travel ◽  
Emission Changes ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

The potential effects of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are uncertain, although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact. This paper aims to synthesize and review all the literature regarding the topic in a systematic manner to eliminate the bias and provide an overall insight, while incorporating some statistical analysis to provide an interval estimate of these studies. This paper addressed the effect of the positive and negative impacts reported in the literature in two categories of AVs: partial automation and full automation. The positive impacts represented in AVs’ possibility to reduce GHG emission can be attributed to some factors, including eco-driving, eco traffic signal, platooning, and less hunting for parking. The increase in vehicle mile travel (VMT) due to (i) modal shift to AVs by captive passengers, including elderly and disabled people and (ii) easier travel compared to other modes will contribute to raising the GHG emissions. The result shows that eco-driving and platooning have the most significant contribution to reducing GHG emissions by 35%. On the other side, easier travel and faster travel significantly contribute to the increase of GHG emissions by 41.24%. Study findings reveal that the positive emission changes may not be realized at a lower AV penetration rate, where the maximum emission reduction might take place within 60–80% of AV penetration into the network.

Commentary: ‘Just the tip of the iceberg’: Queensland’s experience of the influenza pandemic of 1918–20

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Patrick Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Coastal Shipping ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article provides a synopsis of the spread of epidemic influenza throughout Queensland in 1919–20.1 Statewide the story was, to a greater or lesser extent, the same – regardless of occupation or whether one was from the city or the bush, on the coast or in the far west, no one was immune; even being 300 kilometres from the nearest epicentre of the outbreak was no guarantee of safety. An examination of the state’s newspapers, particularly the Brisbane Courier, makes it evident that outbreaks of influenza erupted almost simultaneously throughout the state. Aided and abetted by Queensland’s network of railways and coastal shipping, together with the crowding of people at country shows, race meetings and celebrations of the formal conclusion of World War I, the disease was swiftly diffused throughout the state. This article hopes to give the reader a sense of how the sheer scale and urgency of the crisis at times overwhelmed authorities and communities.

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