scholarly journals Impacts of E-Micromobility on the Sustainability of Urban Transportation—A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5851
Author(s):  
Buket Şengül ◽  
Hamid Mostofi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Sharp Growth ◽  
Travel Behaviors ◽  
Insight Into

When considering the sharp growth rate of the use of e-micromobility vehicles, such as e-scooters and e-bikes, it is necessary to investigate whether these emerging modes of transport play a sustainable role in cities in terms of their energy efficiency, emissions, and their relationship with other modes of mobility, such as public transport. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impacts of e-micromobility through a systematic review of relevant studies in the field of e-scooters and e-bikes. We followed the steps of PRISMA to conduct a systematic literature review, including identification, screening, eligibility and inclusion steps. One hundred forty-six studies were reviewed and compiled, and 29 of these studies were selected for the focus of this review and their research data were synthesized. The impacts of e-micromobilities were categorized into four categories—travel behaviors, energy consumption, environmental impacts, and safety and related regulations. The category of travel behaviors includes the analysis of the purposes of travel, modal shift from different modes of transport to e-micromobility vehicles, average travel time, and distance. In this review, the findings of relevant studies in different cities around world are compared to each other and synthesized to give an insight into the role of e-micromobility in the present and in the future of urban transportation.

scholarly journals Detecting Emotions through Electrodermal Activity in Learning Contexts: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 7869
Author(s):  
Anne Horvers ◽  
Natasha Tombeng ◽  
Tibor Bosse ◽  
Ard W. Lazonder ◽  
Inge Molenaar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Guidelines And Standards ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Insight Into

There is a strong increase in the use of devices that measure physiological arousal through electrodermal activity (EDA). Although there is a long tradition of studying emotions during learning, researchers have only recently started to use EDA to measure emotions in the context of education and learning. This systematic review aimed to provide insight into how EDA is currently used in these settings. The review aimed to investigate the methodological aspects of EDA measures in educational research and synthesize existing empirical evidence on the relation of physiological arousal, as measured by EDA, with learning outcomes and learning processes. The methodological results pointed to considerable variation in the usage of EDA in educational research and indicated that few implicit standards exist. Results regarding learning revealed inconsistent associations between physiological arousal and learning outcomes, which seem mainly due to underlying methodological differences. Furthermore, EDA frequently fluctuated during different stages of the learning process. Compared to this unimodal approach, multimodal designs provide the potential to better understand these fluctuations at critical moments. Overall, this review signals a clear need for explicit guidelines and standards for EDA processing in educational research in order to build a more profound understanding of the role of physiological arousal during learning.

scholarly journals Children’s analysis processes when analysing qualitative research data: a missing piece to the qualitative research puzzle

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna K Gillett-Swan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Researching With Children ◽  
Insight Into

Children’s role in the research process is often limited to a passive role as subject, recipient or object of data rather than as active contributor. The sociology of childhood considers children to be competent social actors and advocates for them to be recognised as such. This recognition is yet to filter into mainstream research agendas with children often remaining a passive provider to research that seeks to elicit their perspectives. This article presents an examination of the processes that children use when analysing their own qualitative research data as observed within a qualitative research project. It provides insight into the ability to increase the richness of data obtained when researching with children, by including their perspectives and contributions in the data analysis process. Children’s capacity as capable and competent contributors to research beyond the more passive role of participant is described and the ways that children can have a greater participatory role in qualitative data collection and analysis processes are discussed.

International Investment Law

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Investment ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of the handbook is to provide practitioners and legal scholars with a comprehensive overview and a systematic assessment of the relevant cases and issues in the field of international investment law. The handbook thus aims at giving both a first overview as well as a detailed insight into all aspects of investment law. The handbook provides a thorough legal analysis of arbitral jurisprudence and identifies emerging trends and developments. This book will be of crucial importance to investors, legal practitioners, and scholars. Further, it will answer the call for a comprehensive academic study of crucial developments, such as the increasing role of European Union Law or the rising impact of multilateral approaches on the system of international investment law.

scholarly journals Hormones in Breast Milk and Effect on Infants’ Growth: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mazzocchi ◽  
Maria Lorella Giannì ◽  
Daniela Morniroli ◽  
Ludovica Leone ◽  
Paola Roggero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Milk Hormones

Breast milk is characterized by a dynamic and complex composition which includes hormones and other bioactive components that could influence infant growth, development, and optimize health. Among the several beneficial effects associated with prolonged breastfeeding, a 13% decrease in the risk of overweight and obesity has been reported. Recent research has focused on breast milk hormones contributing to the appetite and energy balance regulation and adiposity. Accordingly, we conducted a literature systematic review with the aim to provide an update on the effect of leptin, ghrelin, Insulin Growth Factor 1, adiponectin, and insulin on infants’ and children’s growth and body composition. The revised literature reveals contrasting findings concerning the potential role of all these hormones on modeling growth and fat mass apposition and health outcomes later in life. Further studies are needed to gain further insight into the specific role of these bioactive components in metabolic pathways related to body composition. This could help gain a further insight on infants’ growth, both in physiological and pathological settings.

A comprehensive overview of PPM1A: From structure to disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110618
Author(s):  
Mao Li ◽  
Xingfeng Xu ◽  
Yan Su ◽  
Xiaoyun Shao ◽  
Yali Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Stress Response Pathway ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Phosphate Groups

PPM1A (magnesium-dependent phosphatase 1 A, also known as PP2Cα) is a member of the Ser/Thr protein phosphatase family. Protein phosphatases catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from proteins via hydrolysis, thus opposing the role of protein kinases. The PP2C family is generally considered a negative regulator in the eukaryotic stress response pathway. PPM1A can bind and dephosphorylate various proteins and is therefore involved in the regulation of a wide range of physiological processes. It plays a crucial role in transcriptional regulation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis and has been suggested to be closely related to the occurrence and development of cancers of the lung, bladder, and breast, amongst others. Moreover, it is closely related to certain autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we provide an insight into currently available knowledge of PPM1A, including its structure, biological function, involvement in signaling pathways, and association with diseases. Lastly, we discuss whether PPM1A could be targeted for therapy of certain human conditions.

scholarly journals Tissue and Serum Trace Elements Concentration among Colorectal Patients: A Systematic Review of Case-Control Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmawati Mohammed NAWI ◽  
Siok-Fong CHIN ◽  
Shamsul AZHAR SHAH ◽  
Rahman JAMAL
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Serum Trace Elements ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Trace elements play a pivotal role in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) inhibition and development process. This systematic review provides the basic comparison of case-control studies focusing on concentration of trace elements between those with CRC and controls Methods: The systematic review searched through two databases of Medline and Cochrane up to 24th June 2017. The search strategy focused on Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes (PICO). We searched the role of trace elements in cancer and focusing on case-control studies in CRC to obtain an insight into the differences in trace element concentrations between those with and without cancer. Results: The serum concentrations of Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Se, Si, and Zn were lower in CRC patients but for Co and S the levels were higher in CRC patients. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, and Zn were increased in patients with metastasis, but not in Se. As for colon tissue specimens, inconsistent levels were reported between studies, notably in Cu, Se, and Zn. No changes were reported for B and Ca levels. Most of the trace elements in the tissue specimens showed higher concentrations of Cr, Fe, K, Mg, P, Rb, S, and Si compared to Br. Conclusion: With the growing interest to understand the link between trace elements in carcinogenesis and the possible interactions, multi assessment analysis of a larger cohort of samples is necessary.

scholarly journals Amniotic fluid composition and its role in perinatal pathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina N. Mochalova ◽  
Viktor A. Mudrov ◽  
Andrey A. Mudrov
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Perinatal Pathology ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Amniotic fluid composition reflects vital processes in the fetus, which determines its diagnostic value. This composition varies under pathological conditions of the fetus and uteroplacental complex. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of amniotic fluid composition in perinatal pathology. This systematic review summarizes and critically analyzes foreign and domestic research data obtained from 1977 to 2018. Determining the role of amniotic fluid composition will optimize the management of pregnancy and childbirth.

Autoimmune Hepatitis and Stellate Cells: An Insight into the Role of Autophagy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (35) ◽  
pp. 6073-6095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Golbabapour ◽  
Kamran Bagheri-Lankarani ◽  
Saeid Ghavami ◽  
Bita Geramizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Hepatitis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Complementary Mechanism

Autoimmune hepatitis is a necroinflammatory process of liver, featuring interface hepatitis by T cells, macrophages and plasma cells that invade to periportal parenchyma. In this process, a variety of cytokines are secreted and liver tissues undergo fibrogenesis, resulting in the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Autophagy is a complementary mechanism for restraining intracellular pathogens to which the innate immune system does not provide efficient endocytosis. Hepatocytes with their particular regenerative features are normally in a quiescent state, and, autophagy controls the accumulation of excess products, therefore the liver serves as a basic model for the study of autophagy. Impairment of autophagy in the liver causes the accumulation of damaged organelles, misfolded proteins and exceeded lipids in hepatocytes as seen in metabolic diseases. In this review, we introduce autoimmune hepatitis in association with autophagy signaling. We also discuss some genes and proteins of autophagy, their regulatory roles in the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the importance of lipophagy and tyrosine kinase in hepatic fibrogenesis. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of the regulatory role of autophagy in autoimmune hepatitis, the pathway analysis of autophagy in autoimmune hepatitis is also included in this article.

scholarly journals Role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection- A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishan Mohan Kapoor ◽  
Aanandita Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus pandemic is currently a global public health emergency. At present, no pharmacological treatment is known to treat this condition, and there is a need to review the available treatments.ObjectiveWhile there have been studies to describe the role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in various viral conditions, there is limited information about the use of them in COVID-19. This systematic review aims to summarize the available evidence regarding the role of chloroquine in treating coronavirus infection.MethodsThe preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for this review. A literature search was performed using PUBMED & Google Scholar to find articles about the role of CQ in COVID-19 patients.ResultsWe included 19 publications (Five published articles, three letters/correspondence, one commentary, five pre-proofs of accepted articles, one abstract of yet to be published article, and four were pre-prints (not yet peer-reviewed) articles) in this systematic review. All the articles mentioned about the role of chloroquine and /or hydroxychloroquine in limiting the infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19).ConclusionsThere is theoretical, experimental, preclinical and clinical evidence of the effectiveness of chloroquine in patients affected with COVID-19. There is adequate evidence of drug safety from the long-time clinical use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in other indications. More data from ongoing and future trials will add more insight into the role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Is Empowerment of Female Radiologists Still Needed? Findings of a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Giulia Fichera ◽  
Isolde Martina Busch ◽  
Michela Rimondini ◽  
Raffaella Motta ◽  
Chiara Giraudo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
H Index ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Set Up

Considering that radiology is still a male-dominated specialty in which men make up more than two thirds of the workforce, this systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current role of women in radiological imaging, focusing on the main aspects such as career progression, leadership, academic practice, and perceived discrimination. Three electronic databases were searched up to 21 October 2020. To identify additional records, weekly automatic email alerts were set up on PubMed until December 2020 and reference lists of key studies and included papers were screened. Two reviewers independently performed the search, study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction, and formal narrative synthesis. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer was involved. Across the 61 included articles, women worked more often part-time and held fewer positions of power in hospitals, on editorial boards, and at the academic level (associate and full professors). Women were less often in relevant positions in scientific articles, had fewer publications, and had a lower H-index. Discrimination and sexual harassment were experienced by up to 40% and 47% of female radiologists, respectively. Our study highlights that women in radiology are still underrepresented and play a marginal role in the field, struggling to reach top and leading positions.

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