scholarly journals Technology, Innovations and Industrial Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 549-559
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Just Society

Technology development, inventions and innovations are at the heart of the contemporary economic development and industrial growth. The continuous internationalization and the fostering of social and business networking are two main forces that change not just society but overall development. Furthermore, they lead to a shift in global aims and objectives. Despite the economies, technologies and political systems, inventions and innovations have never stopped for a while over the last 4 centuries. They are always an instrument that strengthen the state and make life better. To manage overall growth, governments need to shape inventions and innovations in the right direction. Hence, the contemporary industrial policy is based on clear evidence of a strong link between past innovations and growth and expectations about their future dynamic change. The main research question is how innovations, economic development and growth, and National Economic Goals are, or should be, inter-connected. Thus, the paper aims to make a brief review of contemporary research in the field of innovations, industrial growth based on innovations, and innovations strategies. The structure of the paper is as follows: 1. Introduction: the problem and basic concepts; 2. Literature overview: a brief review on the innovations and their role for the economic development; 3. Methodological approach: discussion on evaluating economic growth and its dependence on innovations; 4. Policy recommendations: some main features of the Growth and Innovation Strategy 2020; 5. Conclusions: some remarks on the future development.

Entrepreneurship research in the Middle East and North Africa: trends, challenges, and sustainability issues

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abobakr Aljuwaiber
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Economic Development And Growth ◽  
Future Economic Development

Purpose This paper aims to offer a wider examination of the research concerning entrepreneurship characteristics in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region via a review of recent studies relevant to this topic. Research publications concerning entrepreneurship within the MENA region evidence growing interest in this field of study, with the potential to boost and drive future economic development and growth. This focus within entrepreneurship research is because of the economic development in the region, which is becoming increasingly important for policymakers and businesses. Design/methodology/approach The author performed a systematic literature review to produce robust information about entrepreneurship in the MENA region, followed by a thematic analysis to identify key research themes within each category. Findings Despite the growth in entrepreneurship research in the MENA region, research on certain factors is lacking. An analysis of 271 studies published between 2009 and 2019 identifies 9 main research categories, within which 30 themes have attracted significant academic attention. Female entrepreneurship and gender, youth entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship behaviour and orientation are the three key categories influencing perspectives on entrepreneurship in the MENA region. This study highlights research gaps and provides recommendations to guide future research on the sustainable development of entrepreneurship in the MENA region. Originality/value This paper highlights trends in entrepreneurship research amongst scholars within the MENA region and suggests paths for future research efforts.

scholarly journals Effects of Industrial Growth on Hong Kong Trade

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 559-586
Author(s):  
Ronald Hsia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Capital Equipment

Industrial growth with its increasing demand for capital equipment and raw materials and consequent diversification of products is bound to affect the trade pattern of an economy. The extent of such effects depends on a host of conditions, the more important of which include 1) the size, geogra¬phical location, and resource endowments of the economy, 2) the relative importance of external trade, 3) the level of economic development, 4) the motivation and model of industrial development, and 5) the insti¬tutional framework. These factors operate, in the case of Hong Kong's industrial growth, to generate greater effects on external trade. Hong Kong, with a total land area of less than 400 square miles, is endowed with negligible natural resources for industrial purposes, while economic development remains at a stage of almost complete reliance on imported capital equipment. On the other hand, it is favoured by a shel¬tered deepwater harbour and a geographical location at the south gate of Mainland China with easy accessibility to all parts of the Far East. Conse¬quently, entrepot trade flourished and predominated in the Hong Kong economy prior to the rapid industrial growth in the 1950's. The develop¬ment of this trade and the necessary facilities (such as banking, insurance, shipping, shiprepairing and warehousing services) has been, to a large extent, responsible for the entrepreneurs' global outlook and the export oriented industrial development. Such a course is faciUtated by government policy under which trade, industry and foreign exchange are subject to minimal controls, and duties are levied only on a very few commodities for revenue purposes.

RECOGNIZING THE CONTRIBUTION OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: SOME EVIDENCE FROM GHANA

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550003 ◽  
Author(s):  
KWAME ADOM
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Sub Saharan

In recent decades, female entrepreneurs have been seen to contribute to the economic development of nations especially in developing countries. Until now the contribution of female entrepreneurs to economic development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been relegated to the background or ignored in development circles. Part of the reason is because female entrepreneurs mainly work in the informal economy and are necessity driven and marginalized. The main research question the study poses is 'what is the contribution of female entrepreneurs to socio-economic development in SSA?' This paper seeks to answer this by examining critically the contribution of female entrepreneurs from Ghana as a means to achieve economic development. The study employs a qualitative approach using multiple case study design. To examine female entrepreneurship, a 2014 survey involving face-to-face interviews of 60 female entrepreneurs from Accra in Ghana is analyzed. The key finding is that, although male entrepreneurs contribute significantly more to economic development than their female counterparts, there remains untapped potential for female entrepreneurs becoming key players for achieving economic development. This and other findings of the study have some implications for policy on female entrepreneurship. Therefore, there is a call to harness these potentials through policies that would promote female entrepreneurship on an equal wavelength as their male counterparts. This is the first known study of female entrepreneurship as a catalyst for economic development in Ghana.

scholarly journals Is it the “outstanding universal value" of heritage really global? : Measuring reputation using social media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco Monteiro ◽  
Marco Painho ◽  
Eric Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
User Perspective ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Outstanding Universal Value

Web 2.0 and social media play an important role nowadays in our society, not only from a user perspective, but also on an academic perspective. The data and information production based on the user-generated content is an important source to conduct scientific studies, specially the new geospatial information that exists due to the widespread of technological devices that capture the geospatial data. The main objective of this research is to assess if we can measure the brand awareness, with a focus in the reputation component, using geospatial user-generated content with an approach as a geographic problem. In this paper is identified the main research question and objectives, the methodological approach and the expected results regarding this Doctorate Thesis in Information Management.<br><div>Keywords: geographic information, social media, web 2.0, citizen sensing, ambient information systems, GIS, world heritage, brand awareness, reputation<br></div>

scholarly journals DEA Assessment of Socio-economic Development of European Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena J Stanković ◽  
Ivana Marjanović ◽  
Nebojša Stojković
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Research Question: The study is aimed to explore the achieved level of socio-economic development of European countries, providing their efficiency analysis. Motivation: Current trends in the social wellbeing quantification indicate the neediness to change the perception of growth that relies solely on economic performance and the requisite to develop new approaches in measuring societal progress that, in addition to economic, includes the social performance of the national economy. Modern concepts are designed to encompass both the economic aspect and social goals. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the development of a methodological approach that can be applied to assess the level of socio-economic development. Idea: The study has been developed with the main idea to empirically assess and quantify the socio-economic development of European countries in order to improve traditional performance measures, which are primarily focused on economic aspects, omitting other aspects of sustainability. Data: A sample of 32 European countries was empirically analysed based on the data on socio-economic development indicators in 2018 (employment rates, mean equivalised net income, GDP per capita PPS, and percentage of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion) obtained from EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and Eurostat database. Tools: The assessment of the achieved level of socio-economic development was carried out using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on the BCC output-oriented model with four output variables. Findings: Most of the EU28 countries (26 out of 28) do not achieve satisfactory levels of socio-economic efficiency. Additionally, countries of Northern and Western Europe achieve greater socio-economic efficiency, compared to the countries of Southern Europe. Four countries have a satisfactory level of socio-economic efficiency (the Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Switzerland and Norway). Contribution: This paper contributes to the existing literature in the field of socio-economic sustainability assessment through testing of the model with empirical data on European countries.

scholarly journals Immigrant social inclusion in Europe: A descriptive investigation

Europa XXI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
Dionyssis Balourdos ◽  
Maria Petraki
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Third Country Nationals

This paper represents an empirical investigation into the risk of poverty or social exclusion facing immigrants across Europe. The methodological approach is based on the set of ‘Zaragoza indicators’, in the domain of social inclusion, together with some proposed additional ones: income distribution and monetary poverty, material deprivation, in-work poverty, child poverty and risk of poverty or social exclusion. The main research question concerns whether immigrants/third-country nationals and nationals constitute two rather distinct groups in terms of exposure to poverty or social exclusion. Mainly using data from the EU-SILC Survey, we find that third-country nationals are severely disadvantaged in most countries, and are occasionally exposed to risks multiple times higher than nationals. There are European countries with similar immigrant populations in which these immigrants experience less favorable outcomes compared to other populations in other countries. Comparative analysis allows us to test the significance of different welfare systems in protecting vulnerable groups such as immigrants, using Eurostat statistics and the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). In a cross-country analysis, taking demographic and macro-economic differences into account, results show that the impact of social expenditure on poverty is not significant when it comes to protecting third-country nationals.

Transformation of the economy of Ukrainian cities of regional significance: efficiency of the impact on the socio-economic developmen

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Mariana Melnyk ◽  
Iryna Leshchukh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
The Impact

The paper proposes a methodological approach to evaluating the impact of the transformation taking place in the economies of cities of regional significance (CRSs) on the socio-economic development of regions (oblasts). The analysis is conducted for cities of regional significance in the western part of Ukraine. The article emphasizes the asymmetry of regional socio-economic development as a result of the concentration of business activity and capital in the CRSs, a higher level of reception of growing direct foreign investment in the economies of CRSs compared to capital investment; a strong impact of structural changes in the economies of CRS on the Gross Regional Product (GRP). The authors found that the development of most CRSs was based on industrial production. Only half of the oblasts in Western Ukraine analyzed in the study showed evidence indicating that economies of their CRSs are undergoing a transformation towards service economy (which should correspond to the post-industrial development of the country).

scholarly journals Women’s status in Tunisia post revolution, legal acquis and real achievements

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101
Author(s):  
Nawel Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Status Of Women

Abstract Under the umbrella of democratic transition, a new constitution was written which encourages more for gender equality and provides Tunisian women with further rights, mainly the political ones, to improve more the status of women within the complexity of the Tunisia society. This paper intends to focus on the Gender Gap Index, a methodological approach for the measurement of gender equality published by the World Economic Forum, to examine the regulations on women’s rights in the Tunisian constitution and to connect the statistics with legal achievement in order to try to answer the main research question: to what extent laws about Tunisian women’s rights are translated in practice?

The Contribution and Prospect of 5G Technology to China's Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawen Fu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
World Power ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Information And Communication

Since the birth of 5G, it has attracted much attention from all countries in the world. The development of 5G industry is particularly important for domestic economic development. 4G changes life, 5G changes society. 5G will not only accelerate the speed of people surfing the Internet, but also bring revolutionary changes to all aspects of social life, making people's lives, work and entertainment more convenient and diverse. The economic impact of the development of the 5G industry on China cannot be underestimated. Nowadays, information and communication technology has increasingly become a new driving force for economic development. 5G technology has already become a key technology pursuit for countries to compete for the status of world power, and it has also become an indispensable part of contemporary economic and social development. We should give full play to the government's guiding role, and work with network giants to build a new platform for cooperation, promote coordinated industrial development, achieve win-win results, and promote economic and social prosperity and development.

INITIAL STEP OF SPECIALIZED CORPORA BUILDING: CLEANING PROCEDURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Yakubson ◽  
Victor Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Linguistic Annotation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Future Work

This paper deals with the specialized corpora building, specifically academic language corpus in the biotechnology field. Being a part of larger research devoted to creation and usage of specialized parallel corpus, this piece aims to analyze the initial step of corpus building. Our main research question was what procedures we need to implement to the texts before using them to develop the corpus. Analysis of previous research showed the significant quantity of papers devoted to corpora creation, including academic specialized corpora. Different sides of the process were analyzed in these researches, including the types of texts used, the principles of crawling, the recommended length of texts etc. As to the text processing for the needs of corpora creation, only the linguistic annotation issues were examined earlier. At the same time, the preliminary cleaning of texts before their usage in corpora may have significant influence on the corpus quality and its utility for the linguistic research. In this paper, we considered three small corpora derived from the same set of academic texts in the biotechnology field: “raw” corpus without any preliminary cleaning and two corpora with different level of cleaning. Using different Sketch Engine tools, we analyzed these corpora from the position of their future users, predominantly as sources for academic wordlists and specialized multi-word units. The conducted research showed very little difference between two cleaned corpora, meaning that only basic cleaning procedures such as removal of reference lists are can be useful in corpora design. At the same time, we found a significant difference between raw and cleaned corpora and argue that this difference can affect the quality of wordlists and multi-word terms extraction, therefore these cleaning procedures are meaningful. The main limitation of the study is that all texts were taken from the unique source, so the conclusions could be affected by this specific journal’s peculiarities. Therefore, the future work should be the verification of results on different text collections

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