scholarly journals The Major Determinants of Innovative Environment Formation in Georgia

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-249
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovative Environment ◽  
Job Growth ◽  
Innovative Economy

In parallel to the globalization of the modern world economy, the development of innovative policies for economic development is considered as a topical problem in a number of countries around the world. For developed countries, innovative economies have become one of the key preconditions for the country’s economic success. In Georgia, despite recent economic reforms, the country has not achieved tangible results in terms of innovation development. Hence the development of the economy needs to facilitate the formation of an innovative economy. Experience in developed countries shows that in a transformative economy the crucial role lies in the development of innovations and technological novelties. Accordingly, the article examines the contribution of innovation to the economic development of transformational countries. Priorities of innovation policy in Georgia have been identified, and the role of innovation in creating a competitive environment, increasing productivity and raising living standards has been assessed. The article uses the Global Innovation Index (GII) to assess the level of innovation in a country. There are discussed mechanisms that can help achieve long-term economic growth, productivity and job growth as well.

ON THE WAY TO AN INNOVATIVE ECONOMY: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (65) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Anatoly I. Kotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Innovative Economy

Recognizing the special role of innovations in ensuring the economic development of Russia, the state authorities have been intensively looking for ways and means to strengthen innovation activity in Russia over the past decade. The main document proclaiming the goals and main directions of innovation policy is the Strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020. Due to the fact that the implementation period has expired, the author analyzes the achievement of the goals and indicators defined in the strategy, and also draws some conclusions about the outcomes obtained by the analysis of the development of innovation activity in Russia.

scholarly journals Long-term Development of Small-scale Industries in Relation to Economic Development: Looking for General Propositions

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-190
Author(s):  
Tulus Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Small Scale Industries ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The growing attention, in literature on economic development, towards the role of Small-scale Industries (SSls) within the economy of the less developed countries (LDCs), is strongly associated with the recognised current economic and social problems of continuing imbalance in the labour market leading to high unemployment rates, the persistence of large intra- and inter-regional socio-economic inequalities; and the consolidation of extremely concentrated patterns of urbanisation, facing these countries. On the other hand, there is the notion stating that the importance of SSls decreases with the course of economic development. The available empirical evidence on this issue diverges significantly from the afore-mentioned notion. In the background of this contradictory evidence, the paper aimed to discuss this issue and arrive at some general conclusions which would help in deriving a pattern from the available studies and evidence on the issue under reference. The conclusion of the paper suggests that no matter how far a country has developed, but as long as domestic problems of high rates of unemployment, mass poverty or unequal distribution of income exist, SSls will continue to play an important role as a 'last resort' for the poor of the country.

scholarly journals Conceptual aspects of modern innovation policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-249
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Omelyanenko ◽  
Olga Kudrina ◽  
Olena Semenikhina ◽  
Vasily Zihunov ◽  
Olena Danilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
High Technology ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Innovative Environment ◽  
Innovative Economy

The country's participation in the processes of high technology development and transfer depends on: the level of its socio-economic development; the effectiveness of identifying innovative priorities; the developing an international strategy. This necessitates the development of theoretical foundations and practical recommendations for countries' participation in high technology development processes in the global innovation system. We propose to consider high technology analysis as an analysis of public policy (interpretive analytics) and research in science and technology and technology assessment. Recently, an approach has come to the fore, in which it is necessary to focus not so much on absolute leaders who have already built their own chain of creation of innovations (from basic research to competitive companies), but more to develop their own unique competencies. The factor of formation of competitive innovative systems is creation of unique innovative environment on the basis of combination of technological basis, innovative economy and socio-cultural system. Keywords: innovation policy, high technology, innovative landscapes, clusters, human resources, technology transfer

scholarly journals THE MAIN ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Елена Бессонова ◽  
Elena Bessonova ◽  
Рустам Батталов ◽  
Rustam Battalov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In order to achieve high rates of socio-economic development, the priority is to implement a clear, consistent and long-term state innovation policy. In the transition to an innovative economy in the first place is the principle of rational use of material, labor, financial resources. But qualitative changes in social and economic development can be achieved only by improving the legal and institutional regulation of relations in the field of innovation management, which is the authority of public authorities. The article reveals the main problems on the way of innovative development, substantiates the main aspects of management of this process, provides recommendations for improving the efficiency of the process of innovation management.

scholarly journals Entreprises transnationales, exportations de produits manufacturés et emploi dans les pays moins développés

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-279
Author(s):  
G. K. Helleiner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
World Conference ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract This article is an abridged version of a document presented by the author at the World Conference on Employment held in Geneva in 1976. The study deals successively with the role of transnational enterprises in the production (and marketing) of exports to other LDC's and developed countries, the composition of these exports as well as their short and long-term effects on economic development, government revenues, employment and income. Outlining difficulties with which the LDC's will be confronted in their promotion of the export sector, the author puts forward several policy areas where active negotiations between developed countries and LDC's could lead to substantial improvement.

Conditions for the Hi-tech Complex Development

2003 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
V. Maevsky ◽  
B. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Monetary Base ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Bank System ◽  
Post Industrial

A project for the long-term strategy of Russian break-through into post-industrial society is suggested which is directed at transformation of the hi-tech complex into the leading factor of economic development. The thesis is substantiated that there is an opportunity to realize such a strategy in case Russia shifts towards the mechanism of the monetary base growth generally accepted in developed countries: the Central Bank increases the quantity of "strong" money by means of purchasing state securities and allocates the increment of money in question according to budget priorities. At the same time for the realization of the said strategy it is necessary to partially restore savings lost during the hyperinflation period of 1992-1994 and default of 1998 and to secure development of the bank system as well as an increase of the volume of long-term credits on this base.

scholarly journals Reform in the international food aid regime: the role of consensual knowledge

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond F. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Epistemic Community ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Food Imports

The principles and norms adopted by the regime governing food aid in the 1950s have changed substantially during the subsequent three decades. Explaining the changes necessarily includes analyzing the efforts of an international epistemic community consisting of economic development specialists, agricultural economists, and administrators of food aid. According to the initial regime principles, food aid should be provided from donors' own surplus stocks, should supplement the usual commercial food imports in recipient countries, should be given under short-term commitments sensitive to the political and economic goals of donors, and should directly feed hungry people. As a result of following these principles, the epistemic community and other critics argued, food aid often had the adverse effects of reducing local production of food in recipient countries and exacerbating rather than alleviating hunger. The epistemic community (1) developed and proposed ideas for more efficiently supplying food aid and avoiding “disincentive” effects and (2) pushed for reforms to make food aid serve as the basis for the recipients' economic development and to target it at addressing long-term food security problems. The ideas of the international epistemic community have increasingly received support from international organizations and the governments of donor and recipient nations. Most recently, they have led to revisions of the U.S. food aid program passed by Congress in October 1990 and signed into law two months later. As the analysis of food aid reform demonstrates, changes in the international regime have been incremental, rather than radical. Moreover, the locus for the change has shifted from an American-centered one in the 1950s to a more international one in recent decades.

CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF ACHIEVING INTELLECTUAL LEADERSHIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Tsymbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intellectual Leadership

The article identifies the key conceptual foundations for the formation of intellectual leadership of economic entities, including countries as specific actors in the global economy. Thorough preconditions for increasing the level of economic development and the impact of education have been identified. It is determined that historical concepts and modern realities of economic activity only actualize the role of education and enlightenment in the economic development of the national economy and ensuring its competitiveness. The strategies of increasing the competitiveness of individual countries of the world are analyzed, their key priorities in the conditions of formation of the knowledge economy are determined. The evolution of views on the role of human and intellectual capital in increasing the welfare of countries, the impact on GDP and other macroeconomic indicators is described. The ratings of countries are analyzed, in particular by the level of investment in intellectual capital and the structure of their GDP, which confirms the dominance of science-intensive economic activities. In addition, it was determined that the leading countries are characterized by increasing the role of knowledge-intensive activities, increasing the share of intangible assets, redistribution of capital of leading international companies and increasing research spending, increasing investment in human and intellectual capital, increasing exports of high-tech products. Analytical assessment confirms the advanced development of science-intensive industries in countries with developed economies, which creates the need for training and retraining of specialists needed for such industries. In modern conditions, the educational process ceases to be predominantly the prerogative of young people, and becomes a lifelong process, which increases spending on education in developed countries, but without denying the significant asymmetries on this indicator. Research confirms the direct relationship between the quality of human and physical capital and economic development, which is typical of highly developed countries, one of the main reasons for the development lag of the poorest countries. In addition, the article substantiates the key factors of intellectual leadership and their impact on the development of economic development strategies.

Monitoring the socio-economic development as a priority of official statistics

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Renata Bielak ◽  
Ewa Czumaj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Information Share ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
Effective Transfer ◽  
Transfer Of Information

The mission of official statistics is to provide credible, reliable, independent and high-quality information on the state and changes in society, the economy and the environment, meet the needs of domestic and foreign users. Fulfillment of this obligation is reflected in the work of the current official statistics and in development activities. Monitoring of the socio-economic development requires continuous adaptation of statistics to the changing reality and the description of the phenomena and processes. The role of official statistics in the modern world goes far beyond the implementation of the research. Measuring sustainable development and information support for development policy are tangible examples of the undertaken challenges. The form and manner of data presentation have increasing importance for the effective transfer of information. To answer the need to improve communication with users, the CSO is implementing new systems of information share. The article describes, among others, ”Strateg” and ”Knowledge Databases”.

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