scholarly journals SUBSTANTIATION OF PARAMETERS FOR REDUCING THE TOXICITY OF EXHAUST GASES OF THE DIESEL ENGINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Yuriy Paladiychuk ◽  
Inna Telyatnuk
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances

Annual emissions of more than 6 million tons of pollutants and carbon dioxide into Ukraine. Mostly polluting industrial enterprises. However, with the increase in the number of cars on the roads, the number of harmful emissions into the atmosphere has increased. Over the past few years, the amount of exhaust gas entering the air in major cities has increased by 50-70%. More than half of the pollutants are emitted by private cars: in 2019, 1.7 million tonnes of harmful substances fell on them, while the total amount of all car emissions was 2.3 million tonnes. This article highlights the problem of environmental pollution by the exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines. Ways to improve environmental performance are presented. The composition of the exhaust gases and their effects on the environment are analyzed. The standards of Euro - 1 Euro - 6, on the reduction of harmful substances in diesel fuel are considered. The modern environmental standards of Stage and Tier and the regulation of smoke by standards are given. A formula for the determination of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of cars and a formula for the determination of the smoke of gases are proposed. The ways of neutralizing the toxicity of the exhaust gases with the help of neutralizers and the reduction of soot by means of the diesel particulate filter are considered. Common Rail DRNR systems, EGR and Selective Neutralization (SCR) systems using Adblu reagent, its advantages and disadvantages are described. The comparative characteristics of EGR and SCR systems are presented. Gasoline engines are not considered in this article.

Determination of mechanical losses in internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
I.K. Aleksandrov ◽  
V.A. Rakov ◽  
N.E. Dyimov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

A method for determining of mechanical losses in an internal combustion engine is proposed, the principal difference of which is the rotation of the engine shaft with compressed air. This method provides high reliability results on reduction of fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances. Keywords ICE, mechanical losses, tests, compressed air [email protected]

scholarly journals On the issue of reducing the negative impact of nitrogen oxides in the system recirculation of diesel exhaust gases on applying the vortex effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Irina Belinskaia ◽  
Rahim Zainetdinov ◽  
Konstantin Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Vortex Effect

The problem of negative impact on the environment of motor transport is one of the most fundamental in the complex of global problems. The constant increase in the number of cars with internal combustion engines encourages the search for methods and ways to reduce the volume of negative impulses. The operation of heat engines is accompanied by significant emissions of gaseous harmful substances into the atmosphere, i.e. nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, as well as solid particles, including soot. The solution to this problem should be implemented within the framework of a systematic approach. To do this, it is necessary to combine the study of technical, economic, and organizational approaches to the organization of the exhaust gas disposal process. To date, there is a significant methodological base in the field of organizational and economic decisions. The article discusses various methods of cleaning exhaust gases of piston engines, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The method of processing using ammonia is widely known. It is noted that a catalytic method for reducing nitrogen oxides using ammonia is quite economical. However, the optimal temperature range at which nitrogen oxides are reduced is rather narrow. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use the vortex effect in the exhaust system. The efficiency of using a vortex gas recirculation pipe is due to its significant influence on the thermal gasdynamic processes occurring in the exhaust system. Using the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics allows us to take into account dissipative processes when establishing the relationship of fuel and economic indicators of internal combustion engines with thermodynamic parameters. This significantly increases the accuracy of calculations and allows you to develop measures to reduce the level of negative impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Environmental effect of molecular degradation of internal combustion engine exhaust gases

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
В.В. Мурамович ◽  
В.Ю. Каминский ◽  
С.Н. Турусов
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Toxic Components

Рассматривается экологическая проблема очистки отработавших газов углеводородных энергетических установок от токсичных компонентов. Показан состав основных токсичных компонентов, приведены значения энергии связи их молекул. Представлены существующие методы улучшения экологических характеристик двигателей внутреннего сгорания: рециркуляция отработавших газов, снижение степени сжатия, уменьшение угла опережения впрыска, добавление присадок к топливу и др. Перечислены их достоинства и недостатки. Предлагается новый метод – использование электромагнитных полей для очистки отработавших газов от токсичных компонентов. Выполнен оценочный расчет его эффективности. Показано, что применение устройств модификации в топливной системе двигателей внутреннего сгорания, а также в системе выпуска отработавших газов позволяет существенно снизить выбросы в окружающую среду вредных веществ, и, при этом, не требует принципиальных изменений в конструкции двигателей. Рабочий ресурс предлагаемых устройств электромагнитной обработки обусловлен применяемыми для их изготовления материалами. The ecological problem of cleaning the exhaust gases of hydrocarbon power plants from toxic components is considered. The composition of the main toxic components is shown; the values of the binding energy of their molecules are given. The existing methods of improving the environmental characteristics of internal combustion engines are presented: exhaust gas recirculation, reduction of the compression ratio, reduction of the injection advance angle, addition of fuel additives, etc. Their advantages and disadvantages are listed. A new method is proposed – the use of electromagnetic fields for cleaning exhaust gases from toxic components. An estimated calculation of its effectiveness is performed. It is shown that the use of modification devices in the fuel system of internal combustion engines, as well as in the exhaust gas system, can significantly reduce emissions of harmful substances into the environment, and, at the same time, does not require fundamental changes in the design of engines. The materials used for their manufacture determine the working life of the proposed electromagnetic processing devices.

scholarly journals Impact of Blow-By Gas and Endgap Ring Position on the Variations of Particle Emissions in Gasoline Engines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7492
Author(s):  
Vincent Berthome ◽  
David Chalet ◽  
Jean-François Hetet
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Particulate Emission ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ring Position

Particulate emission from internal combustion engines is a complex phenomenon that needs to be understood in order to identify its main factors. To this end, it appears necessary to study the impact of unburned gases, called blow-by gases, which are reinjected into the engine intake system. A series of transient tests demonstrate their significant contribution since the particle emissions of spark-ignition engines are 1.5 times higher than those of an engine without blow-by with a standard deviation 1.5 times greater. After analysis, it is found that the decanter is not effective enough to remove completely the oil from the gases. Tests without blow-by gases also have the advantage of having a lower disparity, and therefore of being more repeatable. It appears that the position of the “endgap” formed by the first two rings has a significant impact on the amount of oil transported towards the combustion chamber by the backflow, and consequently on the variation of particle emissions. For this engine and for this transient, 57% of the particulate emissions are related to the equivalence ratio, while 31% are directly related to the ability of the decanter to remove the oil of the blowby gases and 12% of the emissions come from the backflow. The novelty of this work is to relate the particles fluctuation to the position of the endgap ring.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF MUFFLER S DESIGN FOR REDUCTION OF THE LEVEL OF SOUND PRESSURE ON SMALL TRACTORS OPERATORS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Podolsky ◽  
◽  
I. Y. Lilevman ◽  
O. Y. Lilevman ◽  
O. Y. Kedrovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Noise Absorption ◽  
Made In

Noise background, as an important factor in the working conditions of agricultural operators, has a direct impact on human health and productivity. This topic is especially relevant for small tractors, which in most cases are not equipped with cabs. One of the main means of reducing the sound pressure on the operator are the mufflers of exhaust gases, which mainly have a labyrinth-absorbing type of action. The paper proposes a fundamental approach to the design of the muffler by the criterion of reflection and scattering of sound waves with the verification of efficiency by computer simulation. The purpose of research: - to improve the working conditions of operators of small tractors that are not equipped with cabs, by reducing the sound pressure level from internal combustion engines; - to improve the noise-absorbing properties of mufflers of exhaust gases of engines with observance of requirements to manufacturability of process of their manufacturing; - to develop a structural scheme of the exhaust gases muffler based on the results of preliminary modeling and analysis of the trajectory of the gas flow in the cavity of its working part. Methods. Determination of the sound pressure level of the engine of a small tractor by mathematical (computer) modeling of the behavior of the exhaust gas flow in the muffler cavity in different frequency ranges. Results. The article analyzes the main sources of noise during the operation of agricultural machinery with internal combustion engines (ICE). On the basis of literature sources and methods, their separate degree of influence on the complex picture of noise pollution of the working space of the operator of a small tractor is established. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of mufflers, created on the generally accepted principles and approaches to the design of such devices. According to the results of previous tests, shortcomings and limitations in the application of design concepts were identified, an additional analysis of external causes and factors was made, and adjustments were made to the method of creating muffler designs. An alternative design approach to the creation of internal combustion engine mufflers of small tractors is proposed and computer modeling of the processes of sound pressure distribution and sound waves in their cavity is performed. Conclusions. 1. A layout diagram of the design of the exhaust muffler, containing a resonator chamber and a shell module, which is made in the form of a three-stage ribbed diffuser of oscillations of the exhaust flow pulses with an additional surface layer of the vibration absorber. The parameters of the exhaust flow of exhaust gases of a typical diesel engine of a small tractor with a capacity of 24 hp are calculated. (pressure - 11652 Pa, acceleration – 90-105 m / s2, frequency - 1950-3300 Hz), which performed computer simulations of the process of gas movement in the muffler cavity of the proposed layout. Optimal design parameters were selected to ensure the maximum possible noise absorption with a body diameter of 150 mm and a length of 600 mm. The calculated sound pressure when working at the crankshaft speed (1700-2000) rpm does not exceed 72 dB. At the same time, the design of the muffler is made in compliance with the requirements for economic feasibility, manufacturability and in accordance with the capabilities of industrial production. A further direction of research is the manufacture of an experimental sample of the muffler and testing for the efficiency of its noise absorption in the conditions of operation of small tractors.

scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ СУДНОВОГО ДИЗЕЛЯ УТИЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ТЕПЛОТИ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦІЙНИХ ГАЗІВ ЕЖЕКТОРНОЮ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЮ МАШИНОЮ

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько ◽  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Андрій Адольфович Андреєв ◽  
Вікторія Сергіївна Корнієнко
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Refrigeration Machine ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The problem of air basin pollution of the World Ocean with harmful emissions from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is primarily associated with the creation of highly efficient technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx on exhaust gases from a diesel engine. Emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of marine fuels are limited by international atmospheric protection programs and the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The requirements relate to almost all groups of harmful emissions in marine engines and the more stringent of them are primarily related to nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world engine leaders use and suggest various methods for reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases. The implementation of new standards in the areas of further improvement of the working process, the use of alternative fuels, fuel, and air additives, as well as selective catalytic reduction systems do not preclude further development of scientific research in the field of exhaust gas cleaning. One of the promising ways in environmentalizing marine internal combustion engines is the neutralization of harmful substances in exhaust gases through particular gas recirculation (EGR-technology). However, the use of such techniques conflicts with the engine's energy efficiency. In the work presented, the scheme-design solution of the exhaust gas recirculation system with using the heat of recirculation gases by an ejector refrigeration machine for cooling the air at the intake of ship's main engine is proposed. The effect of using the heat of recirculation gases for cooling the air at the intake of the engine is analyzed taking into account the changing climatic conditions for a particular vessel's route line. It is shown that the use of an ejector refrigeration machine reduces the air temperature at the entrance of the main engine by 5…15 ° С, which reduces the specific fuel consumption. This reduces emissions of harmful substances when the engine is running with recirculation of gases.

Compressor Design for Multi-Point Operating Conditions of Turbocharged Gasoline Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Yangjun Zhang ◽  
Xinqian Zheng ◽  
Weilin Zhuge
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Operating Points ◽  
Load Conditions

Turbocharger compressor design is a major challenge for performance improvement of turbocharged internal combustion engines. This paper presents a multi-point design methodology for turbocharger centrifugal compressors. In this approach, several design operating condition points of turbocharger compressor are considered according to total engine system requirements, instead of one single operating point for traditional design method. Different compressor geometric parameters are selected and investigated at multi-point operating conditions for the flow-solutions of different design objectives. The method has been applied with success to a small centrifugal compressor design of a turbocharged gasoline engine. The results show that the consideration of several operating points is essential to improve the aerodynamic behavior for the whole working range. The isentropic efficiency has been increased by more than 5% at part-load conditions while maintaining the pressure ratio and flow range at full-load conditions of the gasoline engine.

Development Concept for Non Conventional Hybrid Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Purohit ◽  
Ankit Shah ◽  
Nishant Parekh ◽  
Akash Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Common People ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Hybrid Engines ◽  
Variable Valve

Environmental issues and the need for environment-friendly transport have always been a priority for the world due to ever increasing demand of modes of transport. So developing quick and eco friendly vehicle is the trend as of now with most manufacturers globally. There are numerous ways in which manufacturers have tackled these issues. Some of the common approaches undertaken are refinements of existing internal combustion engines. Like developing technologies such as direct injection, VVT (variable valve time), VTEC (variable valve time electronic lift), VGT (variable geometry turbines), reducing engine friction and weight, cam less engines, micro hybrids, etc But the best/optimum compromise between eco friendliness and urge to develop more power with good fuel economy and reduced emission is best met by the development of hybrid engines. Thermal and electric engines both have advantages and disadvantages that are often complementary. Combustion engines offer better range, power and ‘lunge’, but give out exhaust gas, although the current Euro IV norm place strict limits on these. Electric engines are zero-emission and offer very quick pick-up from a stopped position, but the batteries have low range and limited speed. So this complementation of both power trains is exploited in hybrid engines. Now conventional hybrids have many disadvantages such as being bulky with additional weight of battery packs and motors and other auxiliary transmission components, complex and dangerous electric systems, etc. So it is proposed to develop a non conventional hybrid engine which produces power at par with the conventional one and releases emission which is compatible with the stringent emission norms set for the conventional hybrids with considerably lucrative fuel economy comparable with the currently available hybrids in market and yet overcome the drawbacks of the conventional hybrid engines. Also the compact size of the hybrid engine that we propose makes it quite viable to fitted in small vehicles (like bikes, compact cars, etc) which further makes it a more promising technology that can be made available to common people across the globe and there by lead to a better transportation system for people of all class and need. The conceptualization basically includes modification of an inline twin cylinder or a v-twin 4-stroke gasoline engine as a preliminary step towards achieving the above proposed objectives.

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