Blood Profile of Lymphocyte Lineage Determining Transcription Factor Gata3 May Influence Malaria Disease Outcome of Children in the South of Benin
Background: Child morbidity in African countries including the Republic of Benin, is mostly attributed to parasitic infectious diseases involving malaria. Molecular disorder often underlies the vulnerability of children immune system to infectious diseases. This reduces the ability of immune system to combat appropriately exogen organisms including parasites larva, bacteria or viruses. GATA-3 is a nuclear protein expressed by immune cells and belongs to a family member of the lymphocyte CD4 lineage determining transcription factors inducible by retinoic acid. Thus, GATA3 is one of the main regulators of lymphocyte T-helper 2 (Th2) cell differentiation into mature CD4+ T cells that mediate immunity tocombat exogenmicroorganism involving plasmodium falciparum (pf). The objective of the study is to investigate if children with low or absence of GATA3 expression will be more vulnerable to pf infection and malaria. Methods: This study has received an institutional ethical approval.Preliminary study carried out on cell lysates of peripheral white blood cells isolated from blood samples used for pf counts in Benin Zonal hospital of Calavi/So-Ava diagnosis laboratory involving eighteen children (5-9 years) admitted for fever associated or not to malaria. Immunoblotting (western blot) technic was used to evaluate GATA3 expression in all samples.The presence of pf was determined with microscopic observation of blood thick smears stained with Giemsa. Results: Among the eighteen samples, normal expression of GATA3 was observed in ten, low expression in six while no expression was observed in two samples. Overall, seven samples were positive for pf counts ranging from 350-1500 per mm3 of red blood cells. Infection with pf was not observed in eleven samples. Conclusion: Immune system of children with low GATA3 and high level of pf count will be more vulnerable to infection. Thus, the absence of GATA3 transcription factor could influence the outcome of malaria disease and render children too weak to fight pf infection.The absence of GATA3 may also render them vulnerable to develop allergy or lymphoma in the future.