scholarly journals PERWATAKAN DALAM NOVEL KOMSAS “DI SEBALIK DINARA”: ANALISIS TEORI RELEVAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-100
Author(s):  
Srikandi Saemah Samaon ◽  
Mary Fatimah Subet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Traditional Poetry ◽  
Cross Reference

Abstract: Elements of Malay Literature in the Malay Language (ML) was introduced in the learning of Malay Language in secondary schools. There are five main genres in the (ML)  study which are traditional poetry, modern poetry, traditional prose, modern prose and novel. Novel is one of the (ML) genres featuring a variety of characters, questionnaire, community culture, values and teaching. Throughout reading the novel, the reader can understand various situations that can give the reader a variety of insights that can enhance the reader's awareness. This study will analyze the characteristics in Di Sebalik Dinara‘s by Dayang Nor. This study is a qualitative study which is a text analysis. In analyzing this novel the researcher will apply the Relevance Theory (TR) approach to cognitive effects and information processing efforts to help the reader understand the character’s characteristics in the novel. The character traits in the novel are analyzed in TR and Bridging Cross Reference (BCR) an elaborate and implicit manner to help the reader understand the characteristic of the character in Di Sebalik Dinara. The results of the TR and RRS analysis can be concluded that the characters in this novel are illustrated one who are self-reliant, responsible, do not act hastily and always cautious in decision-making. Keywords: Relevan Theory, character, novel, literature   Abstrak: Elemen Kesusasteraan Melayu dalam Bahasa Melayu (KOMSAS) telah diperkenalkan dalam pembelajaran mata pelajaran Bahasa Melayu peringkat sekolah menengah. Terdapat lima genre utama yang terdapat dalam kajian KOMSAS iaitu puisi tradisional, puisi moden, prosa tradisional, prosa moden dan novel. Novel merupakan salah satu genre KOMSAS yang memaparkan pelbagai watak, persoalan, citra masyarakat, nilai dan pengajaran. Melalui pembacaan novel, pembaca dapat menyelami pelbagai situasi yang boleh memberi pelbagai tanggapan kepada pembaca serta dapat meningkatkan kesedaran kepada pembaca. Kajian ini menganalisis perwatakan dalam novel Di Sebalik Dinara karya Dayang Noor. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif. Bagi menganalisis novel ini pengkaji, akan mengaplikasikan pendekatan Teori Relevan (TR) yang mementingkan konteks, kesan kognitif dan usaha memproses maklumat bagi membantu pembaca memahami citra atau perwatakan watak dalam novel tersebut. Perwatakan watak yang digarapkan dalam novel tersebut akan dianalisis secara eksplikatur dan implikatur dengan menggunakan analisis TR dan Rangka Rujuk Silang (RRS) bagi memudahkan pembaca/ pelajar memahami keperibadian watak dalam novel Di Sebalik Dinara. Hasil analisis TR dan RRS dapat disimpulkan perwatakan watak dalam novel ini digambarkan sebagai seorang yang berdikari, bertanggungjawab, tidak bertindak terburu-buru dan sentiasa berhati-hati dalam membuat keputusan. Kata kunci: Teori Relevan, perwatakan, novel, kesusasteraan

Elementy poetyki ludowej w powieści Rzeczy uprzyjemniające. Utopia T. Bołdak-Janowskiej

2020 ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Goral
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Features

The aim of the article is to analyse the elements of folk poetics in the novel Pleasant things. Utopia by T. Bołdak-Janowska. The category of folklore is understood in a rather narrow way, and at the same time it is most often used in critical and literary works as meaning a set of cultural features (customs and rituals, beliefs and rituals, symbols, beliefs and stereotypes) whose carrier is the rural folk. The analysis covers such elements of the work as place, plot, heroes, folk system of values, folk rituals, customs, and symbols. The description is conducted based on the analysis of source material as well as selected works in the field of literary text analysis and ethnolinguistics. The analysis shows that folk poetics was creatively associated with the elements of fairy tales and fantasy in the studied work, and its role consists of – on the one hand – presenting the folk world represented and – on the other – presenting a message about the meaning of human existence.

Cognitive Models and Narrative Construction

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Mikhail Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Different Levels

The article deals with the narrative text construction. The study thoroughly analyzes cognitive models that can become the basis of this process. Firstly, the author is studying the theory of rhetoricalcommonplaces. The article shows that this theory is suitable for constructing a rhetorical text, but not a narrative one. The second model discussed is the concept model. The article argues that this model is most convenient for text analysis, but not for its formation. Marvin Minsky's frame theory is analyzed in detail. It is stated that the theory of frames and individual narrative concepts, in particular those formulated by R. Barth, have much in common. It is concluded that the theory of frames can be perceived as the ontological basis of the narrative scientific description. In addition, the article briefly discusses the cognitive model by R. Quillian and R. Langacker. Their essence is to highlight the main and secondary content in the text. The possibility of using these models in the text analysis and its synthesis is proved by their conceptual similarity with G.Y. Solganik’s analysis of the novel by L. Tolstoy. Special attention is paid to the theory of R. Abelson. It is argued that the proposed hierarchy of cognitive structures has a generalizing character and is adequate to the text. The article gives an example based on a local narrative figure analysis undertaken by V.V. Vinogradov. The paper indicates the possibility to describe this figure within Abelson's theory. As a result of different cognitive models and narrative conceptscomparison, the article formulates the sequence of stages in the analysis and synthesis of text units found at different levels. The first stage of this sequence is the narrative figures analysis. The second one is the analysis of episodes, which are narrative figures associations. The third one is the analysis of the text plot structures. It is proposed to consider text units as realizations of cognitive structures. It is argued that the cognitive approach to the narrative provides its holistic and detailed adequate description.

Reading Beyond the Code

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Code Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Central Claim

This book explores the value for literary studies of relevance theory, an inferential approach to communication in which the expression and recognition of intentions plays a major role. Drawing on a wide range of examples from lyric poetry and the novel, nine of the ten chapters are written by literary specialists and use relevance theory both as an overall framework and as a resource for detailed analysis. The final chapter, written by the co-founder of relevance theory, reviews the issues addressed by the volume and explores their implications for cognitive theories of how communicative acts are interpreted in context. Originally designed to explain how people understand each other in everyday face-to-face exchanges, relevance theory—described in an early review by a literary scholar as ‘the makings of a radically new theory of communication, the first since Aristotle’s’—sheds light on the whole spectrum of human modes of communication, including literature in the broadest sense. Reading Beyond the Code is unique in using relevance theory as a prime resource for literary study, and is also the first to apply the model to a range of phenomena widely seen as supporting an ‘embodied’ conception of cognition and language where sensorimotor processes play a key role. This broadened perspective serves to enhance the value for literary studies of the central claim of relevance theory: that the ‘code model’ is fundamentally inadequate to account for human communication, and in particular for the modes of communication that are proper to literature.

“Little Plants in the Country”: Henry Ford's Village Industries and the Beginning of Decentralized Technology in Modern America

Prospects ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 181-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard P. Segal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
New York ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Proximity ◽  
The World ◽  
Word Processors

“Technology Spurs Decentralization Across the Country.” So reads a 1984 New York Times article on real-estate trends in the United States. The contemporary revolution in information processing and transmittal now allows large businesses and other institutions to disperse their offices and other facilities across the country, even across the world, without loss of the policy- and decision-making abilities formerly requiring regular physical proximity. Thanks to computers, word processors, and the like, decentralization has become a fact of life in America and other highly technological societies.

scholarly journals A new measure of group decision-making efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Ju Hsieh ◽  
Mario Fifić ◽  
Cheng-Ta Yang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
System Level ◽  
Workload Capacity ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Collective Benefit

Abstract It has widely been accepted that aggregating group-level decisions is superior to individual decisions. As compared to individuals, groups tend to show a decision advantage in their response accuracy. However, there has been a lack of research exploring whether group decisions are more efficient than individual decisions with a faster information-processing speed. To investigate the relationship between accuracy and response time (RT) in group decision-making, we applied systems’ factorial technology, developed by Townsend and Nozawa (Journal of Mathematical Psychology 39, 321–359, 1995) and regarded as a theory-driven methodology, to study the information-processing properties. More specifically, we measured the workload capacity CAND(t), which only considers the correct responses, and the assessment function of capacity AAND(t), which considers the speed-accuracy trade-off, to make a strong inference about the system-level processing efficiency. A two-interval, forced-choice oddball detection task, where participants had to detect which interval contains an odd target, was conducted in Experiment 1. Then, in Experiment 2, a yes/no Gabor detection task was adopted, where participants had to detect the presence of a Gabor patch. Our results replicated previous findings using the accuracy-based measure: Group detection sensitivity was better than the detection sensitivity of the best individual, especially when the two individuals had similar detection sensitivities. On the other hand, both workload capacity measures, CAND(t) and AAND(t), showed evidence of supercapacity processing, thus suggesting a collective benefit. The ordered relationship between accuracy-based and RT-based collective benefit was limited to the AAND(t) of the correct and fast responses, which may help uncover the processing mechanism behind collective benefits. Our results suggested that AAND(t), which combines both accuracy and RT into inferences, can be regarded as a novel and diagnostic tool for studying the group decision-making process.

Information transformation: Some missing links

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Ivan P. Vaghely ◽  
Pierre-André Julien ◽  
André Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Information Transformation ◽  
Efficient Information

Using grounded theory along with participant observation and interviews the authors explore how individuals in organizations process information. They build a model of human information processing which links the cognitivist-constructionist perspective to an algorithmic-heuristic continuum. They test this model using non-parametric procedures and find interesting results showing links to efficient information processing outcomes such as contributions to decision-making, knowledge-creation and innovation. They also identify some elements of best practice by efficient human information processing individuals whom they call the “information catalysts”.

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