Effect of Piper betle Leaf Extract-Loaded Chitosan Nano Particle as Fruit-Coating Assay to Control Anthracnose on Mango

Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is one of the plants being used for traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to determine betel leaf extract-chitosan nanoparticles to control anthracnose disease on mango. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate as cross-linking agent. Characterization of the betel leaf extract was done by pyrolysis GC-MS; while chitosan nanoparticles were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and PSA analysis. The results showed that the green betel leaf extract contains 71.18 + 0.3% of antifungal phenolic compounds. The most phenolic compounds and their derivatives in the betel leaf extract was 1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzotriazole. Chitosan hydrolysis reduced the chitosan MW from 754.89 kDa to 245.85 kDa. Based on FTIR analysis, hydrolysis treatment and the addition of extract affected the existence of chitosan functional group, and wave numbers. The absorption of aromatic groups was observed at 1000 - 650 cm-1 wave numbers. The sizes of particle were ranged from 101 + 6.25 nm to 431.1 + 4.32 nm. The size of chitosan without hydrolysis was bigger than that of chitosan with hydrolysis. The SEM morphology of the chitosan nanoparticle-betel leaf extract was spherical shape. Chitosan hydrolysis treatment had a higher antifungal effect than that of chitosan without hydrolysis. The mass ratio of chitosan nanoparticles and betel leaf extracts (3:1; v/v) of both without hydrolysis and with hydrolysis was found as a good formula in suppressing anthracnose on mangoes with the degree of disease inhibition of 85.88% and 98.82%, respectively. The betel leaf extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticle treatment may offer the fruit shelf life up to 6 days.

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Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle) sebagai Insektisida Nabati terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)

Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu (Integrated Health Journal) ◽

10.32695/jkt.v10i2.42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Rinaldi Daswito ◽

Rima Folentia ◽

M Yusuf MF

Keyword(s):

Musca Domestica ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Effective Concentration ◽

P Value ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

House Flies ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

The One ◽

One Way Anova

One of the diseases that can be transmitted by flies is diarrhea. Green betel leaf contains essential oils, chavicol, arecoline, phenol, and tannins which function as plant-based insecticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betel) as a plant-based insecticide on the number of mortality of house flies (Musca domestica). The research was an experimental study used After Only Design used the One Way Anova test with a 95% confidence level. The samples used were 360 house flies. Each treatment of 30 house flies with 4 repetitions and used three concentrations of green betel leaf extract (25%, 50%, 75%). The study was conducted at the Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory of Health Polytechnic Tanjungpinang, while the location of the fly collection was at the Tokojo Garbage Collection Station in Bintan Regency. The number of mortality of house flies at a concentration of 25% was 81 heads (67.5%), 50% concentrations were 93 heads (77.5%), and at a concentration of 75% were 103 heads (85.83%). There was an effect of green betel leaf extract on the mortality of house flies (p-value 0.0001 <0.05) with the most effective concentration of 75%. Further research is needed to obtain a finished product utilizing green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide, especially in controlling the fly vector. Need further research on the use of green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide controlling the fly vector by taking into account the amount of spraying and the age of the fly. Keywords: Green betel leaf extract , organic insecticide, houseflies

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Analisis Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) terhadap Mikroorganisme Indikator Mastitis

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v4i2.10875 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 230-236

Author(s):

Dicky Rizaldi Rambe ◽

Allaily Allaily ◽

Cut Intan Novita

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Agricultural Product ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Product Analysis ◽

E Coli ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Inhibitory Analysis ◽

Analysis Laboratory ◽

Range Test

Abstrak. Penelitian tentang Analisis Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) terhadap Mikroorganisme Indikator Mastitis telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Pengolahan Susu dan Laboratorium Analisis Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian yang dilaksanakan pada 7 September sampai dengan 10 November 2018. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya akan diolah menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, jika didapatkan hasil yang berbeda maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Perlakuan R1 yaitu penambahan ekstrak daun sirih hijau 15%, R2 yaitu penambahan ekstrak daun sirih hijau 30%, R3 yaitu penambahan ekstrak daun sirih hijau 45% dan R4 yaitu penambahan ekstrak daun sirih hijau 60%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih hijau dengan konsentrasi 15%, 30%, 45% dan 60% mampu menghambat E. coli dan S. aureus. Berdasarkanhasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih hijau mampu menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli dan S. aureus.Inhibiting Power Analysis of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) against Microorganism Indicator MastitisAbstract. Research on Inhibitory Analysis of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) against Mastitis causing Microorganism has been conducted in Milk Processing Science and Technology Laboratory and Food and Agricultural Product Analysis Laboratory held on September 7 to November 10, 2018. This research consisted of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The data obtained will then be processed using a Completely Randomized Design, if different results are obtained it will be followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The treatment of R1 is the addition of 15% green betel leaf extract, R2, which is the addition of 30% green betel leaf extract, R3, namely the addition of 45% green betel leaf extract and R4 which is the addition of 60% green betel leaf extract. The results showed that green betel leaf extract with a concentration of 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% was able to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that green betel leaf extract can inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus.

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Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) dan Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) terhadap Mortalitas Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

bionature ◽

10.35580/bionature.v20i1.9760 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amirullah Amirullah ◽

Nurhayu Malik ◽

Rosmaya Rosmaya

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Betel Leaf

Abstract. The study of the efficacy of betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) and garlic extract (Allium sativum) on the mortality of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae was carried out at the Zoology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo Kendari University. Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae were obtained from the rearing of F2 from Aedes aegypti eggs that were taken by ovitrap from in Kambu Village, Kendari City, which is an endemic area of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Extrac of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) and garlic extract (Allium sativum) at concentrations of 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% respectively and their combinations were given to Aedes aegypti larvae (L4). The results showed that the highest larval mortality (88%) occurred after 24 hours of exposure to betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) at a concentration of 3%, whereas with garlic extract (Allium sativum) the highest larval mortality (98%) occurred at concentration 3 %, and for the highest larval mortality (99%) found in a combination of 3% betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) and 3% garlic extract (Allium sativum). Based on WHO (2009), the most effective treatment for killing Aedes aegyti larvae is 3% garlic (Allium sativum) extract and a combination of 3% betel leaf extract (Piper betle L.) and 3% garlic extract (Allium sativum).Keywords: Biopesticide, Mortality, Aedes aegypti, betle leaf (Piper betle L.), garlic (Allium sativum).

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Study on antifungal potency of Terminalia cattapa, Piper betle, Psidium guajava, and Andrographis peniculata on the growth of Aphanomyces in vitro

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.4.115-123 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Sri Nuryati ◽

. Rahman ◽

. Taukhid

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Aquatic Fungi ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Natural Material ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Prevention Activity

An effort to prevent aquatic fungi Aphanomyces sp. infection on fish using natural material can be an economically way, easy to find the materials, easy to apply and safe for environment. The antifungal potency and efficacy of scalded-leaf extract of Terminalia cattapa, Piper betle, Psidium guajava and Andrographis peniculata on prevention of Aphanomyces sp. growth in vitro in GYA medium. Scalding was performed in the water at 50°C. Concentration of leaf extracts tested was 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 g/L. The results of study showed that Terminalia cattapa in a dosage of 40 g/L had the best prevention activity, followed by Piper betle in the same dosage. Psidium guajava and Andrographis peniculata had no prevention activity on growth of Aphanomyces sp. Keywords: antifungal, Terminalia cattapa, Piper betle, Psidium guajava, Andrographis peniculata growth, Aohanomyces sp. ABSTRAK Upaya penanggulangan infeksi cendawan akuatik Aphanomyces sp. pada ikan menggunakan bahan alami dapat menjadi cara yang ekonomis ekonomis, bahan mudah didapat, mudah diterapkan dan aman bagi lingkungan. Potensi antifungi dan efektivitas ekstrak seduh daun ketapang (Terminalia cattapa), sirih (Piper betle), jambu biji (Psidium guajava) dan sambiloto (Andrographis peniculata) terhadap penghambatan pertumbuhan Aphanomyces sp. dilakukan secara in vitro dalam media biakan GYA. Penyeduhan dilakukan menggunakan pelarut air dengan suhu 50°C. Konsentrasi yang diuji adalah 0, 10, 20, 40 dan 80 gr/L untuk masing-masing bahan. Aktivitas penghambatan paling baik terhadap cendawan diperoleh dari ekstrak seduh daun ketapang 40 g/L dan diikuti oleh ekstrak seduh daun sirih dengan konsentrasi yang sama. Jambu biji dan sambiloto tidak menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan Aphanomyces sp. Kata kunci: antifungi, ketapang, sirih, jambu biji, sambiloto dan Aphanomyces sp.

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IDENTIFICATION OF ANTHRACHNOSE DISEASE ON STRAWBERRY FRUIT (Fragraria vesca L.) AND ITS CONTROL BY BETEL (Piper betle L.) LEAF EXTRACT

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v2i1.192 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 458

Author(s):

Rina Sri Kasiamdari ◽

Umi Sangadah

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Strawberry Fruit ◽

Pathogen Infection ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Colletotrichum Spp

In Indonesia, strawberry is one of fruits which has high economic values. The growth of strawberry has increased significantly, but its productivity is still low because of disease attack. Disease that attacks strawberry started from nursery to post harvest is anthracnose that can be caused by Colletotrichum spp. Control efforts of anthracnose disease up to now has been done with application of synthetic chemicals which are known to be hazardous to the environment and human health. Betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is natural plant that potentially used as phytofungicide. Essential oils on betel leaf extract is reported can decrease the growth of pathogenic fungi. The objectives of the research were to identify Colletotrichum spp. in strawberry fruit that showed anthracnose symptoms, to test the potency of betel leaf extract as phytofungicide, and to evaluate the effect of betel leaf extract in inhibiting infection and disease severity of Colletotrichum in strawberry. Samples were taken from strawberry nursery in Magelang, Indonesia. The disease symptoms were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar, followed by identification of fungal colony and morphology by semi permanent slide preparation. Betel leaves were extracted with water to get a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%, respectively. An in vitro experiment was done to evaluate the inhibition rate of betel leaf extract to the growth of Colletotrichum spp. colony. An in vivo experiment was done by submersion of strawberry to betel leaf extract before (preventive method) and after antrachnose attack (curative method), then disease infection and disease severity were measured after 7 days. The result of the research showed that anthracnose disease in strawberry was caused by C. gloeosporioides (Penz.). Twenty percent of betel leaf extract in an in vitro test had potential as phytofungicide and concentration of 100% betel leaf extract was the best concentration to inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) colony by 70.26±0,61%. In an in vivo experiment, submersion of strawberry before pathogen infection (preventive) with 100% betel leaf extract decreased disease infection by 40% and disease severity by 16%, respectively. While treatment of submersion of strawberry after pathogen infection (curative) decreased disease infection by 33,4% and disease severity by 17%. Keywords: strawberry, anthrachnose, disease, betel leaf

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Preparation and Characterization of Betel Leaves (Piper betle Linn) Extract Nanoparticle with Ionic Gelation Method

Journal Of Tropical Pharmacy And Chemistry ◽

10.25026/jtpc.v5i1.224 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dwi Saryanti ◽

Dian Nugraheni ◽

Nisa Sindi Astuti

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Ionic Gelation ◽

Betel Leaf

Nanoparticles are used in drug delivery which can increase mass transfer so increase the absorption and effectiveness of the drug. Therefore, its prospect to improve antibacterial and antioxidants activities of betel leaves. The research aimed to preparation and characterization of betel leaf extract using ionic gelation technique. The formulation of nanoparticles from betel leaf extract with ionic gelation method using alginate and CaCl2 with a ratio of 2.5: 1. The characterization of the nanoparticles includes particle size analysis, zeta potential, particle morphology and determination of flavonoid content. Particle size analysis demonstrated that the betel leaf extract nanoparticles had a particle size of 243,03 ± 1,48 nm, zeta potential of -23,0 ± 0,35 mV and morphology of particle showed that a flat shape. The betle leaf exctract nanoparticle positively contained flavonoid with Rf 0.7 equivalent to quercetin. The betel leaf extract can be made nanoparticles with ionic gelation method using alginate and CaCl2.

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THE PERCENTAGE OF CARCASS PARTS OF MEAL LOCAL DUCKS GIVEN BETEL LEAF SOLUTION INCLUDED IN RATIO

Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara ◽

10.30997/jpnu.v3i1.852 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Maria Sale ◽

Ristika Handarini ◽

Elis Dihansih

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Extract Solution ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Commercial Feed ◽

Period Data ◽

Test Result ◽

Average Body

This study was aimed at assessing the effects of inclusion of betel leaf extract solution in ration on the percentage of carcass parts of male local ducks. The study was conducted at the Poulty Farm of department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Djuanda University, Bogor from June to August 2016. Twenty-four male local ducks aged 2 weeks with average body weight of 450 g were used. The ducks were alocated into battery pens (150 cm x 40 cm) and fed BR-21E ration and betel leaf extract solution. Drinking water was given ad libitum. A completly randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates was used. Treatments consisted of 100% comercial feed (R1) , comercial feed +2.5% piper betel solution (R2), commercial feed+5.0% piper betel solution (R3), and commercial feed + 7,5% piper betel solution (R4). Treatments were given at the second week following the adaption period. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and a Duncan test. Result showed that the inclusion of betel leaf extract of 2.5, 5, 7.5% in the ration gave significant effects (P<0.05) on the percentage of carcass, wing, and tigh meat but not (P>0,05) on the percentage of back, breast and its parts, thigh, skin and femur. It was recommended that the inclusion of betel leaf extract in the ration be done by 5% in order to obtain high percentage of and more economical carcass, wing and thigh.Keywords : percentage of carcass part, male local duck, piper betle linn leaf solution

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Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) Terhadap Saprolegnia sp. Secara In Vitro [Antifungal Activities Test Of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L) On Saprolegnia sp. By In Vitro]

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v5i1.11417 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Rahayu Kusdarwati, Pustika Murtinintias, Dewa Ketut Meles

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Concentration Test ◽

Fungal Suspension

Abstract Saprolegniasis is a mycotic disease caused by Saprolegnia sp. that usually attacking wild fish and farming fish. Saprolegnia sp. cause a lot of harm in process of the fish cultivation. Prevention and treatment of the common practice is use chemical drugs, but the use of these chemicals tend to be environmentally unfriendly and there are has karsinogenik effect. Therefore, the use of traditional medicines is one of alternative to control Saprolegnia sp. safer than chemical drugs. Green betel leaf contains phenolic compounds and tannins are efficacious as antifungal agent. This study aims to prove the antifungal activity of extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L) for Saprolegnia sp., and to know the minimum concentration of betel leaf extract (Piper betle L) as antifungal for Saprolegnia sp. The design of this experiment is used completely randomized design (CRD) with 11 treatments and 3 replications. This study used the dilution method through the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The concentration of the extract used was 50% (0.5 g/ml), 25% (0.25 g/ml), 12.5% (0.125 g/ml), 6.25% (0.0625 g/ml), 3.13% (0.0313 g/ml), 1.56% (0.0156 g/ml), 0.78% (0.0078 g/ml), 0.39% (0.0039 g/ml), 0.2% (0.002 g/ml) of betel leaf extract. A positive control containing 2 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide were added fungal suspension until 4 ml Negative control containing 2 ml of 10% DMSO were added fungal suspension until 4 ml. The main parameters in this study is the value of optical density (OD) for MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test and the absence of Saprolegnia sp. growing on SDA media for MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) test. 0.20% (0.002g/ml) concentration of of betel leaf extract is the minimum concentration that can inhibit the growth of Saprolegnia sp. MFC test results showed concentrations of 0.78% (0.0078 g/ml) betel leaf extract is the minimum concentration that can kill Saprolegnia sp.

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Phenolic profiles of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) leaf extracts obtained by different extraction methods

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.2478/botcro-2019-0015 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 175-180

Author(s):

Martina Persic ◽

Robert Veberic ◽

Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Cydonia Oblonga ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Home Remedy ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Extraction Solvents ◽

Phenolic Extraction

Abstract Extracts from quince leaves are a well-known home remedy used for treating diverse health problems. Most of the beneficial properties of quince leaf extracts may be assigned to their high content of phenolic compounds, particularly tannins. In this research, we have evaluated the efficiency of various methods for phenolic extraction from quince leaves and determined detailed phenolic profiles of different extracts. The results indicated that leaf drying is a suitable pretreatment for enhancing the extraction of phenolic compounds. Higher extraction of phenolics was achieved at higher temperatures (i.e. infusion or decoction). Phenolic profiles of quince leaf extracts differed among the extraction solvents and time of extraction. Flavanols prevailed in extracts obtained by decoction and ethanolic maceration, while extracts obtained by maceration in water and infusion were rich in phenolic acids. A highly concentrated quince leaf extract was attained by ethanolic maceration, using a standard ratio of solvent and leaf material.

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Poloxamer Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vaginal Delivery of Acyclovir

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology ◽

10.2174/2211738508666210108121541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 08 ◽

Author(s):

Sanjeevani Deshkar ◽

Sumit Sikchi ◽

Anjali Thakre ◽

Rupali Kale

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Drug Uptake ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Modified Chitosan ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽

Nanoparticle Formulation

Objective: The aim of the present study was to design a surface modified chitosan nanoparticle system for vaginal delivery of Acyclovir for effective drug uptake into vaginal mucosa. Method: Acyclovir loaded chitosan nanoparticles, with and without modification by poloxamer 407, were prepared by ionic gelation method. The effects of two independent variables, chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio (X1) and acyclovir concentration (X2), on drug entrapment in nanoparticles, were studied using 32 full factorial design. The surface response and counter plots were drawn to facilitate an understanding of the contribution of the variables and their interaction. The nanoparticles were evaluated for drug entrapment, size with zeta potential, morphological analysis by TEM, solid state characterization by FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro dissolution, in vitro cell uptake using HeLa cell line and in vivo vaginal irritation test in Wistar rats. Results: Chitosan nanoparticle formulation with chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 2:1 and acyclovir concentration of 2 mg/mL resulted in highest entrapment efficiency. Resulting nanoparticles revealed spherical morphology with particle size of 191.2 nm. The surface modification of nanoparticles with Poloxamer resulted in higher drug entrapment (74.3±1.5%), higher particle size (391.1 nm) as a result of dense surface coating, lower zeta potential and sustained drug release compared to unmodified nanoparticles. The change in the crystallinity of drug during nanoparticle formulation was observed in DSC and XRD study. Cellular uptake of Poloxamer modified chitosan nanoparticles was found to be higher than chitosan nanoparticles in HeLa cells. Safety of nanoparticle formulations by vaginal route was evident when tested in female rats. Conclusion: Conclusively, Poloxamer modified CH NP could serve as a promising and safe delivery system with enhanced cellular drug uptake.

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