scholarly journals Evaluating the Potential of Tridax procumbens and Asystasia gangetica as Ruminant Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Kamaruddin ◽  
Najihah Ali ◽  
Nur Adilah Mohd Hanafee ◽  
Serene Liew ◽  
Nur Yuhanis Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Asystasia Gangetica

Tridax procumbens and Asystasia gangetica are extensively prevalent and can be found from tropical Asia to Africa. Both plant samples were found to have a high nutritional value, especially in protein, and to be highly attractive to ruminants. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to measure and compare the nutrient composition of Tridax procumbens and Asystasia gangetica in terms of the nutritional value for ruminants. Both plants samples were collected at Besut campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin. The samples were then washed under tap water to remove foreign matter such as soil to prevent soil contamination in the analysis. Then, the samples were dried in a furnace below 60 - 70˚C and crushed prior to further analysis using proximate analysis. Seven parameters were measured using proximate analysis, which included dry matter (DM), moisture, ash, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The findings in this study show that A. gangetica had significantly higher (p < 0.05) in dry matter (DM) (18.84%), crude protein (CP) (22.27%), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) (50.25%). However, T. procumbens showed the highest nutrient in moisture (88.70%), ash (12.15%), crude fibre (CF) (25.01%), and ether extract (EE) with 3.71%. Thus, this study revealed that A. gangetica to have a higher potential to be used as an animal feed than T. procumbens.

scholarly journals NILAI NUTRISI AMPAS TEBU (Bagasse) YANG DIFERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN STARBIO® PADA LEVEL YANG BERBEDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafles Rafles ◽  
Efendi Harahap ◽  
Dewi Febrina
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Technology ◽  
Different Levels

The bagasse has potential as an alternative feed for ruminant. However,  though the high of the crude fibre and the very low in the nutritional value make them very limited in using for animal feed. To overcome the problem in order to increase nutritional value was the fermentation technology by the application of the starbio inoculums. The objective of the research was to observe the  nutrition  qualities of the bagasse with aplication of different levels of starbio. The experimental design was  a completely Randomized Design  with 4 treatments i.e. P0 (bagasse + 0% Starbio), P1 (bagasse+ 0.2% starbio), P2 (bagasse+ 0.4% Starbio), P3 (bagasse+ 0.6% Starbio) and each treatment has 5 replication, The parameters measured were pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) crude fiber (CF), ash and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE). The results of the research indicated that pH of the  fermentation was very good (3.37-3.67), DM (66.59-68.73%), and CP 1.47-1,97%. However, there was no effect on EE, CF, ashes and NFE. The addition of 0.6% starbio was the best result to increase CP but did not affect on ash content.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Earthworm (Eisenia foetida) Co-Dried with Vegetable Meals as an Animal Feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Kirenia Pérez-Corría ◽  
Aroldo Botello-León ◽  
Abril Karina Mauro-Félix ◽  
Franklin Rivera-Pineda ◽  
María Teresa Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Market Requirement

To evaluate the chemical composition of the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) co-dried (EW) with vegetable meals (VM) as animal feed ingredient, the blends were mixed with wheat bran (WB), rice powder (RP), corn meal (CM) and soy cake meal (SCM) in proportions of 85:15; 75:25 and 65:35. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CFA), crude fiber (CF), ashes and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of the ingredients and final mixtures were determined. All the mixtures resulted with a high content of DM (≥90.00 %). No significant differences among the proportions were revealed (P>0.05). In addition, the higher inclusion of the earthworm in the proportions (85:15) increased (P<0.05) the CP (54.70 %), CFA (7.28 %), and ashes (10.20 %), mainly when mixed with SCM, CM, and RP, respectively. However, the use of vegetable meals proportionally increased the CF (7.31 %), and NFE (52.62 %), mainly with the proportion of 65:35 and with RP and CM, respectively (P<0.05). The results showed that the vegetable meals (WB, RP, CM, and SCM) are useful to co-dry the earthworm to be use for animal feed. It is concluded that the most appropriate proportion (VM:EW) will depend on the animal species, productive stage and market requirement.

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and digestibility of Rabbit does fed varying levels of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
L. O. Esievo
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Growth Requirement

Nulliparous crossbred does were used to study the effects of concentrate:lablab ratio (CL) and stage of pregnancy on nutrient intake and digestibility. Treatments consisted of four concentrate and lablab combinations on a gram:gram basis: 20:130, 40: 110, 80:70 and 100:50 and two stages of pregnancy: second and fourth week of pregnancy Concentrate intake increased as level increased up to 80g/day offered while lablab intake increased from 50 to 130g/day offered. Doe weight and metabolic size were similar for all treatments. Total feed intake was not affected by concentrate and lablab levels. Dry matter intake was lower for 100:50 CL than other treatments. Ether extract and crude fibre intakes decreased with increase in concentrate levels. Dry matter and nitrogen free extract digestibility were higher for 80:70 CL than other combinations. Crude fibre digestibility was higher for 80:70 than 40:110 and 100:50 CL Crude protein retention was higher for 80:70 than 20:130 and 100:50 CL. Fetal growth requirement, total protein requirement and balance of protein were high at 80:70 and 100:50 CL. During pregnancy, dry matter and all nutrients intake were higher in the second than fourth week. Ether extract, crude protein and nitrogen free extract digestibilities were lower in the second than fourth week of pregnancy. Fetal growth requirement and balance of protein were higher in the second than fourth week of pregnancy relationship between feed intake (g DM/day) and nutrient digestibility was negative. The relationship between feed intake (g DM/kg body weight/day) and feed intake (g DM/kg LW0.75/day) was however, positive for all the nutrients except crude protein. For the small scale rabbit producer in developing countries, it is feasible to maintain rabbits on combinations of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

scholarly journals Selecting squash (Cucurbita sp.) introductions by seed nutritional quality and seed meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Sanín Ortiz-Grisales ◽  
Magda-Piedad Valdés-Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Whole Seed

Squash (Cucurbita sp.) is widely used in Colombia as both food and animal feed. However, its seeds are discarded. This study  aimed to identify squash genotypes with a high nutritional value in the whole seed meal (WSM) and defatted seed meal (DSM) within a group of 19 introductions (14 of Cucurbita moschata and 5 of C. sororia). For WSM, 70% of the introductions presented above-average values for extract (36.9%) and crude protein (26.34%); the fiber values were 20.34% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 13% acid detergent fiber (ADF). For DSM, 57% of the introductions presented above-average crude protein (43.5%) and 52% above-average crude energy values (4078 cal g-1).  Based on the relative feed value (RFV), introductions 1229, 1200, 1201, 1219 and 1206 were selected for WSM, and 1206 1229, 932, 1200, 786 and 954 were selected for DSM. In the selected C. moschata introductions, parents with general and specific combining abilities for ether extract and crude protein in WSM or high RFV in DSM should be identified. C. soraria introductions 1202 and 954 should be used in crosses that aim to obtain F2 segregants for seeds with a high oil content and high RFV in DSM.

scholarly journals A Nutritional Comparison Study of Three Oaks Species Grown in Gara Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Khalid Ismail Saleem ◽  
Khaleda Haji Abdullah ◽  
Karvan Faraj Saadallah ◽  
Hilbin Ibrahim Abdullah ◽  
Rand Omar Khalo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Quercus Species

The preferred livelihood assets for meat and nutritious milk in thousands villages of Kurdistan rejoin/Iraq are sheep and goats. They generally rely on free roaming in rangeland during the growing seasons. In order to maintain their livestock during the scarcity of forages at winter seasons, the leaves and twigs of (Quercus aegilops, Q. infectoria and Q. libani) are harvested and dried as (dry leaf faggots) at autumn season to use as major substitute of feed. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional values of those three oaks species’ leaves at the same time of collecting period. Gara Mountains were chosen due to the wide presence of all three species. Leaves samples were collected at late September 2015 at elevation about 1250 MASL. The results have shown differences in chemical composition. Q. libani recorded higher content of dry matter (DM), ash and crude protein (CP), and lower content of crud fiber (CF). Higher content of ether extract (EE) was recorded in both Q. aegilops and Q. libani. The higher content of nitrogen free extract (NFE) and potassium (K) were recorded in Q. infectoria. While Q. aegilops recorded higher (CF) content. All Quercus species can be used as alternative feed substitute for small ruminant especially with some additives (such as salt, vitamin, and water), but more nutritive value was Q. libani then Q. infectoria followed by Q. aegilops. Therefore, the priority should be for Q. libani in foremost followed by Q. infectoria when dry leaves faggot were made.

scholarly journals Nutritional Assessment of Setaria sphacelata and Cleome gynandra as Potential for Ruminant Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Kamaruddin ◽  
Nur Adilah Mohd Hanafee ◽  
Najihah Ali ◽  
Serene Liew ◽  
Nur Yuhanis Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Cleome Gynandra ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata

Setaria sphacelata is a high and most prevalent tropical grass, while Cleome gynandra is a tropical annual herb which commonly used as vegetables in Africa and Asia. Both plant samples were found to be high in nutritive value especially in protein and very appetizing in ruminants. The main objectives of the study were to measure and compare the nutritional composition of Setaria sphacelata and Cleome gynandra as a function of their nutritional value for ruminants. The two plant samples were collected near the Tembila area, Besut Terengganu. The samples were dried in a furnace below 60 - 70 ˚C and crushed prior to further analysis using proximate analysis. Proximate analysis was used to measure values for moisture, dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EF) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The result of this analysis shows that Cleome gynandra had much higher crude protein (CP) (p < 0.05) at 36.86% and ether extract (EF) at 5.50%. Crude protein (CP) is one of the most essential nutrients that ruminants need. Therefore, this study found that Cleome gynandra contains a higher nutritional value in terms of crude protein (CP) than Setaria sphacelate, which can be used as a feed for ruminants.

scholarly journals Processing methods of malted sorghum sprout impacts on the nutritive values

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
A. A. Saka ◽  
O. S. Sowande ◽  
R. K. Adekunjo ◽  
R. A. Salako ◽  
O. O. Lawrence- Azua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Fibre Fraction

The separated roots and shoots left after malt extraction from the young sorghum seedlings are collectively called Sorghum sprout and being regarded a waste. The study was designed to investigate the effect of different processing methods on the nutritive value of malted sorghum sprout (MSP). TheMSP was divided into three parts: raw (RMSP), alkaline (wood ash) treated (AMSP) and fermented (FMSP). The proximate composition, fibre fraction and the mineral contents were determined and all data obtained were subjected to one way analysis of variance. Results revealed that the proximate and fibre fraction values of MSP were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by the processing methods. The highest dry matter (82.34%), ether extract (1.76%), ash (15.52%), neutral detergent fibre (63.00%) and hemicellulose (39.00%) values were recorded in FMSP. Fermentation and alkaline treatments reduced the crude protein while it increased the ether extract and nitrogen free extract of theMSP.Ash had the highest percentage value in fermentedmalted sorghum sprout (FMSP) and the lowest in raw malted sorghum sprout (RMSP). The concentration (g/kg) of calcium (14.45), phosphorus (67.92) and potassium (6.59) were significantly (p<0.05) highest in FMSP. The concentration (mg/kg) of iron (947.50) and copper (21.50) observed in AMSP were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the values obtained in FMSP followed by RMSP. It was observed that fermentation and alkaline treatment employed reduced zinc concentration values of the MSP. It can be concluded that fermentation processing method used in this study presented the best results in terms of the chemical andmineral composition values.

scholarly journals Fermentative characteristics and nutritional value of sugarcane silage added with two types of urea

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Wagner Sousa-Alves ◽  
João-Paulo S Rigueira ◽  
Marielly M Almeida-Moura ◽  
Diego L S De-Jesus ◽  
Flávio P Monção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Concentration Levels

Background: Dry matter (DM) loss is high in sugarcane silage due to its high content of soluble carbohydrates which favors yeast growth and ethanol production, thus reducing the nutritional value of the preserved forage. Objective: To determine the effect of adding two types of urea at two concentration levels to sugarcane silage on the nutritional value and fermentative characteristics of the silage. Methods: A completely randomized 2×2+1 factorial design was used, based on two types of urea (conventional and protected), two urea concentration (0.5 and 1.0% of the natural matter), and a control (sugarcane silage with no additives). Six replicates were used. The mixture was placed in PVC silos and opened after 60 days. Results: There was no difference in DM content or effluent losses by the addition of urea. In regards to neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin, decreased levels were observed compared to the control, regardless of urea type. Urea type and concentration had an effect on ammoniacal nitrogen content, with higher values for conventional urea, but not affecting the pH. The addition of urea to sugarcane silage reduced gas losses and raised the levels of crude protein, ether extract, and effective degradability. Conclusion: Adding protected or conventional urea at 1% of natural matter at the time of sugarcane ensiling reduces gas losses and improves nutritional composition of the silage.

Studies on Browse Plants in Ghana

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Mabey ◽  
R. Rose Innes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SummaryDigestibility of the herbage of the indigenous tree Antiaris africana was investigated. Digestion coefficients (%) were—organic matter 67, dry matter 64, crude protein 78, crude fibre 39, nitrogen-free extract 74, ether extract 36 and ash 36. Calculated nutritive values were—starch equivalent 23·2 and digestible crude protein 3·7, giving a nutritive ratio of about 1 : 6. The herbage was young and its palatability high.

scholarly journals ADDITION OF TOFU WASTE TO CONCENTRAT FEED ON RUMINANT ANIMAL VALUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engkus Ainul Yakin ◽  
Sri Sukaryani ◽  
Catur Suci Purwati ◽  
Desi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ruminant Animal ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of tofu waste in concentrate feed on the nutritional value of ruminant animal feed. Concentrate feed used in this study uses concentrated feed for sheep. Tofu waste was obtained from the place of making tofu in Girimarto sub-district, Wonogiri Regency. The research method used was concentrate feed for sheep given the addition of tofu waste. The study used 3 treatments namely T0 = Concentrate without the addition of tofu waste (control), T1 = Concentrate with 10% tofu waste addition, and T2 = Concentrate with 20% tofu waste addition. The results of the study were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the nutritional value of sheep feed. The study was designed with a completely randomized design. Observation parameters of nutritional value of feed include dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that dry matter content was 78.54 ± 0.23% and crude protein was 16.63 ± 0.46% with the addition of tofu waste until 20% showed a significant difference, whereas crude fiber was 20.37 ± 0.48 % showed no significant difference, while the dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility  showed no significant difference. The conclusion of this study was the addition of tofu waste in the concentrate had an effect on the dry matter and crude protein, but not significantly different on crude fiber. The addition of tofu waste to the concentrate did not affect the digestibility of dry matter or the digestibility of organic matter.Key words : Animal feed, concentrate,  in vitro digestibility, tofu waste

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