Effect of High Temperature after Flowering on Growth and Development of Superior and Inferior Maize Kernels

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Xiao ZHAO ◽  
Ping ZHANG ◽  
Ruo-Nan WANG ◽  
Pu WANG ◽  
Hong-Bin TAO
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maize Kernels

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on the Growth and Development of Rice

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nakagawa ◽  
T. Horie ◽  
J. Nakano ◽  
H. Y. Kim ◽  
K. Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Co2 Concentration

PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CORN

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
L. A. HUNT ◽  
L. W. KANNENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Length

The open-pollinated corn (Zea mays L.) cult Gaspé Flint and three hybrids, Guelph GX122, Harrow 691, and Pioneer X306, were selected to examine the effects of photoperiod and temperature on the number of days to tassel initiation. The range of maturity of this material varied from extremely early to subtropical. The experiments, conducted in growth cabinets, examined photoperiods of from 10 to 20 h in 21/2-h increments. Constant day–night temperatures examined were 20, 25, and 30 C. Photoperiod and temperature affected number of days to tassel initiation. The response was not consistent for each genotype. As daylength increased from 10 to 20 h all but the earliest genotype, Gaspé Flint, took longer to reach tassel initiation. The latest hybrid, Pioneer X306, was affected relatively more by photoperiod. The delay in tassel initiation with longer photoperiods was apparent at all temperatures; however, the magnitude of the response was less at the high temperature. With longer photoperiods, there was an increase in the amount of vegetative growth and development prior to tassel initiation. This was apparent from the greater number of emerged leaves, the longer stem length, and the greater plant dry weight at tassel initiation.

scholarly journals Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5116
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Aaqil Khan ◽  
Raheem Shahzad ◽  
Saqib Bilal ◽  
Murtaza Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Soybean Plants

Global warming is impacting the growth and development of economically important but sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Using pleiotropic signaling molecules, melatonin can relieve the negative effects of high temperature by enhancing plant growth and development as well as modulating the defense system against abiotic stresses. However, less is known about how melatonin regulates the phytohormones and polyamines during heat stress. Our results showed that high temperature significantly increased ROS and decreased photosynthesis efficiency in soybean plants. Conversely, pretreatment with melatonin increased plant growth and photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b) and reduced oxidative stress via scavenging hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and reducing the MDA and electrolyte leakage contents. The inherent stress defense responses were further strengthened by the enhanced activities of antioxidants and upregulation of the expression of ascorbate–glutathione cycle genes. Melatonin mitigates heat stress by increasing several biochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, and proline), as well as the endogenous melatonin and polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine). Furthermore, the positive effects of melatonin treatment also correlated with a reduced abscisic acid content, down-regulation of the gmNCED3, and up-regulation of catabolic genes (CYP707A1 and CYP707A2) during heat stress. Contrarily, an increase in salicylic acid and up-regulated expression of the defense-related gene PAL2 were revealed. In addition, melatonin induced the expression of heat shock protein 90 (gmHsp90) and heat shock transcription factor (gmHsfA2), suggesting promotion of ROS detoxification via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin improves the thermotolerance of soybean plants and enhances plant growth and development by activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, interacting with plant hormones, and reprogramming the biochemical metabolism.

Features of impulse sprinkling technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178-1184
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Angold ◽  
V. A. Zharkov ◽  
A. A. Kalashnikov ◽  
N. N. Balgabayev
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
The Given

The principle of non-stop water supply to plants and soil in accordance with their water intake is progressive. Drip irrigation and impulse sprinkling correspond to this principle. Drip irrigation provides optimal water and nutrient regimes directly to the root system of plants. However, this irrigation is not effective enough under conditions of high temperature (over 25–35 °C) as growth processes are known to slow down and photosynthesis to cease, consequently affecting the yielding capacity. Impulse sprinkling provides optimal moisture level in the given layer, improved microclimate in the plant environment and water regime of plants within the whole vegetation period and is most effective within daytime. Through improvement of microclimate and plants' water regime within periods of high temperature and low air humidity under the conditions of South Kazakhstan, the technology of impulse sprinkling enabled increasing productivity of a clonal rootstock mother plantation for the 3 years of research on average by 19.4% compared to regular sprinkling. The applied technology provided optimization of layers' growth and development conditions upon decrease of the moistening of the soil layer of mother plantation bushes for derogation of their water regime after hilling the grown root layers.

High temperature effects on cherimoya fruit set, growth and development under greenhouse conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 77 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Higuchi ◽  
Naoki Utsunomiya ◽  
Tetsuo Sakuratani
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Fruit Set

scholarly journals PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN SUGARCANE UNDER RAINFED AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1140-1149
Author(s):  
SERGIO CASTRO-NAVA ◽  
MARCOS ROLANDO HERRERA-SEPÚLVEDA ◽  
JOSE MANUEL GARCÍA-GIRÓN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Nitrogen is the most important element required for plant growth and development and is the primary nutrient limiting sugarcane production. Field experiments under rainfed condition and some periods with high temperature (above 35 °C) were carried out during 2014-2015 at the municipality of Ocampo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of varying doses of nitrogen fertilizer on leaf photosynthesis, plant growth, total chlorophyll, and juice quality of sugarcane commercial variety Mex 79-431 in the second ratoon crop. Six nitrogen doses (0, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kg N ha-1) were tested and applied as urea 60 days after harvest, at the beginning of the rainy season. The results of the experiment indicated that the application of nitrogen in ratoon crop had a positive effect on growth and development. It is important to note that further studies are required on the subject, including timing of nitrogen application, application method, soil types, other doses, and other genotypes in the region. The maximum photosynthetic rate (27.68 pmol CO2 m-2 s-1) was attained at PAR 1500 pmol m-2 s-1 with 90 kg N ha-1. The highest yield was recorded in ratoon crop with a dose of 120 kg N ha-1. At harvest, the juice quality did not show significant variations among the treatments imposed.

scholarly journals Regeneration and Endogenous Phytohormone Responses to High-Temperature Stress Drive Recruitment Success in Hemiepiphytic Fig Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuangwei Fang ◽  
Huayang Chen ◽  
Diana Castillo-Díaz ◽  
Bin Wen ◽  
Kun-Fang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Early Regeneration

Exposure to high-temperature stress (HTS) during early regeneration in plants can profoundly shape seed germination, seedling growth, and development, thereby providing stress resilience. In this study, we assessed how the timing of HTS, which was implemented as 8 h in 40°C, could affect the early regeneration stages and phytohormone concentration of four hemiepiphytic (Hs) and four non-hemiepiphytic (NHs) Ficus species. Their seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling survival probabilities and the concentrations of three endogenous phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and salicylic acid (SA) were assessed after HTS imposed during imbibition, germination, and emergence. In both groups, seeds were more sensitive to HTS in the early regeneration process; stress experienced during imbibition affected emergence and survival, and stress experienced during germination affected subsequent emergence. There was no effect from HTS when received after emergence. Survival was highest in hemiepiphytes regardless of the HTS treatment. The phytohormones showed growth form- and regeneration stage-specific responses to HTS. Due to the HTS treatment, both SA and ABA levels decreased in non-hemiepiphytes during imbibition and germination; during germination, IAA increased in hemiepiphytes but was reduced in non-hemiepiphytes. Due to the HTS treatment experienced during emergence ABA and IAA concentrations were greater for hemiepiphytes but an opposite effect was seen in the two growth forms for the SA concentration. Our study showed that the two growth forms have different strategies for regulating their growth and development in the early regeneration stages in order to respond to HTS. The ability to respond to HTS is an ecologically important functional trait that allows plant species to appropriately time their seed germination and seedling development. Flexibility in modulating species regeneration in response to HTS in these subtropical and tropical Ficus species could provide greater community resilience under climate change.

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