scholarly journals A STUDY OF CLINICAL FEATURES AND LABORATORY PROFILE OF DENGUE FEVER IN OUTPATIENT SETTING

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Reda Goweda ◽  
Ahmed Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Orbital Pain

Dengue fever (DF) is one of the common mosquito-borne viral diseases. It is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.The aim to study the clinical and laboratory manifestations of serologically confirmed cases of DF in outpatient clinics.This cross-sectional study was carried out in outpatient setting. According to WHO criteria all patients above 14 years old who were suspected to have DF were tested by IgM dengue antibody test. Additionally all patients underwent history, clinical examination and investigation including complete blood count, liver function test and abdominal ultrasound. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.Out of 126 patients presented with acute febrile illness, 71 (56.3%) had seroreactivity for dengue IgM antibodies. Fever, headache and muscloskeletal pain were the most common clinical presentation (100%). Decreased appetite (92.9%) , retro-orbital pain (78.8%)  and dizziness(64.7%) were the next common symptoms. 29(40.8%) had hepatomegally, 11 (15.4%) had splenomegally.Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed in 58(81.6%) and 53(74.6%) respectively. Lastly; Fever associated with headache, retro-orbital pain, along with thrombocytopenia and elevated liver transaminases should prompt a clinician on the possibility of DF. Increased community awareness and vector control measures need to be strengthened to reduce the burden of dengue cases.

Frequency of Suspected and Probable Case of Dengue in Adult Febrile Patients and their Knowledge about Dengue Fever

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
Control Objective ◽  
Dengue Prevention

Background: Febrile illness is considered a frequent medical syndrome of dengue. Due to the increasing prevalence of dengue infectivity, appropriate diagnosis among patients helps regarding timely medical intervention, etiological examination as well as disease control. Objective: To estimate the frequency of suspected and probable cases of dengue in febrile patients and their knowledge about dengue fever, presenting at outdoor of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study, in which 400 adult febrile patients visiting at outdoor of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore were included. A convenient sampling technique was carried out. Among the total febrile patients included, the frequency of suspected and probable cases was calculated. Data was collected through a questionnaire, which was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Out of 400 patients, 36.5% were 21-30 years old and 53.5% were female. Among these patients, 100% had fever (>2 and <10 days), 31.8% had headache, 51.8% had myalgia and43.8% patients had arthralgia while 12.5% were suspected cases of dengue. Majority (97.2%) had knowledge that full sleeve shirt can prevent dengue, none of the respondents had knowledge regarding dengue symptoms and 76% of respondents had knowledge that dengue is fatal. For the majority (76%) of respondents, the main source of information regarding dengue was health teams. Conclusion: The study concluded that symptoms of dengue fever in the study patients, as well as the dengue, suspected cases were mainly headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, and arthralgia. The majority of the patients had knowledge about dengue prevention. Most of the adult febrile as well as suspected had no knowledge about the symptomology of dengue fever.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practices about dengue fever among adults living in Pwani Region, Tanzania in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1601-9
Author(s):  
Method Kazaura
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Internal Migrations

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is currently widespread in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Among the triggers of ep- idemic include urbanization and internal migrations. Within the past few years, there have been DF outbreaks in Tanzania. Although Pwani region is among the predicted risk areas for the DF, there is insufficient data about people’s knowledge, attitude and practices towards prevention of DF in their settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices about DF among adults in Pwani region in Tanzania. Methods: The cross-sectional study conducted in Mkuranga District, Pwani region in Tanzania. We used face-to-face inter- views to collect data. The main analytical procedure was descriptive using frequencies. Results: The majority, 97.7%, were aware of DF. Nevertheless, almost 80% had a low knowledge on symptoms, transmis- sion and vector control measures. Furthermore, less than 20% had positive attitude towards dengue fever prevention, sever- ity of the illness and health seeking behavior. Conclusion: Lack of enough knowledge and positive attitude about disease transmission, symptoms and preventive meas- ures put the population at high risk of contracting the disease. There is need to create and improve friendly, correct and simple information, education and education messages for the rural populations. Keywords: Attitude; Dengue; knowledge; practice; rural.

Risk factors of Dengue fever in urban areas of district Rawalpindi, Pakistan- 2017 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najma Javed Awan ◽  
Ambreen Chaudhry ◽  
Zakir Hussain ◽  
Zeeshan Iqbal Baig ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Orbital Pain ◽  
Serotype Identification ◽  
At Home

BACKGROUND During August 2017, an increased number of suspected dengue fever cases were reported in the hospitals of district Rawalpindi. A case control study was conducted to measure the extent of the outbreak, to determine the risk factors, and recommend preventive measures. OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors and recommend control measures. METHODS A case was defined as an acute febrile illness with one or more of the following; retro-orbital pain, headache, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, and hemorrhage, confirmed with ELISA among residents of Rawalpindi district from 30th Aug- 30th Oct. 2017. All ELISA confirmed cases were recruited from the hospital. Age and sex matched controls were selected from the same community. Frequencies, univariate and multivariate analysis was performed using epi Info 7. RESULTS Total 373 cases were recruited. The mean age was 36±2.9 years (range:10-69yeras) and 75% were male. The most affected age group was 21-30 years (AR 40%) followed by 31-40 years (AR 23%). Two deaths were reported (CFR 0.53%). The most frequent signs/symptoms were; fever (100%), myalgia (86%) headache (86%), and retro-orbital pain (73%). Serotype identification carried out in 322 cases and DEN-2 was dominant (34%, n=126). Contact with a confirmed dengue case (OR 4.27, CI: 3.14-5.81, P<0.0001) and stored water in open containers at home (OR 2.04, CI: 1.53-2.73, P <0.0001) and travel to a dengue outbreak area (OR 2.88, CI: 2.12-3.92, P<0.0001) had higher odds while the use of mosquito repellents (OR 0.12, CI 0.09-0.18, P < 0.0001) and regular water supply at home (OR 0.03, CI: 0.02-0.04, P <0.0001) showed a protective effect. Geographical distribution was limited to densely populated areas and all the water samples were tested positive for dengue larvae. CONCLUSIONS Stored water in containers inside houses and subsequent mosquito breeding was the most probable cause of this outbreak. The study led to a recommendation to undertake activities to improve the use of repellents and remove sources of breeding (indoor uncovered stored water).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anti-leptospiral IgM and Detection of Pathogenic Leptospira Species DNA in Neonates Presenting With Clinical Sepsis in Southwestern Uganda

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derick Hope ◽  
Stephen Businge ◽  
Stella Kyoyagala ◽  
Joel Bazira
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
And Control

Abstract BackgroundLeptospirosis is an emerging neglected zoonotic disease that presents with nonspecific signs/symptoms and it can be mistaken for other diseases. Due to limited diagnostic capacity and unawareness, data on human leptospirosis particularly in neonates is scarce in many sub-Saharan countries. It has been underreported hindering preventive and control measures in place. The study aimed at determining prevalence of leptospirosis as a cause of febrile illness in neonates using a commercially available IgM ELISA and a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included 103 neonatal sepsis cases whose parents/legal guardians gave informed consent. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics was collected using structured data collection form. EDTA whole blood sample was collected from the neonates by trained study nurses. From the samples, IgM ELISA was done using automated analyzers, DNA extracted and qPCR was performed using primers for LipL32, specific for the pathogenic leptospires. ResultsThe prevalence of anti-leptospiral IgM among the neonates as determined by ELISA was 4.3%, where all of them presented with lethargy and poor feeding. No pathogenic Leptospira species DNA was amplified by qPCR.ConclusionsEvidence of leptospirosis was demonstrated in neonatal sepsis cases in this study. The findings suggest considerations of leptospirosis in the differential diagnosis of neonates with sepsis. More data is needed on the real epidemiology, clinical features and burden of leptospirosis in neonates. There is need to include intermediate pathogenic species of Leptospira in the diagnostic qPCR assays.

scholarly journals Government management capacities and the containment of COVID-19: a repeated cross-sectional study across Chinese cities

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e041516
Author(s):  
Wenchao Li ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Junjian Yi
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Government Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

ObjectivesBetter understanding of the dynamics of the COVID-19 (2019 novel coronavirus disease) pandemic to curb its spread is now a global imperative. While travel restrictions and control measures have been shown to limit the spread of the disease, the effectiveness of the enforcement of those measures should depend on the strength of the government. Whether, and how, the government plays a role in fighting the disease, however, has not been investigated. Here, we show that government management capacities are critical to the containment of the disease.SettingWe conducted a statistical analysis based on cross-city comparisons within China. China has undergone almost the entire cycle of the anticoronavirus campaign, which allows us to trace the full dynamics of the outbreak, with homogeneity in standards for statistics recording.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcome measures include city-specific COVID-19 case incidence and recoveries in China.ResultsThe containment of COVID-19 depends on the effectiveness of the enforcement of control measures, which in turn depends on the local government’s management capacities. Specifically, government efficiency, capacity for law enforcement, and the transparency of laws and policies significantly reduce COVID-19 prevalence and increase the likelihood of recoveries. The organisation size of the government, which is not closely related to its capacity for management, has a limited role.

Comparison and Association of Neck Extensor Muscles’ Endurance and Postural Function in Subjects with and without Chronic Neck Pain – A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Kandakurti ◽  
Ravi Shankar Reddy ◽  
Venkata Nagaraj Kakarparthy ◽  
Kanagaraj Rengaramanujam ◽  
Jaya Shanker Tedla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Chronic Neck Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Velocity Moment

Abstract Purpose Neck extensor endurance (NEE) and position sense are vital for maintaining cervical spine function and defects in these processes may be associated with impaired postural control in chronic neck pain (CNP) subjects. The study’s objectives are 1) to compare the cervical extensor endurance capability and postural control of CNP subjects with those of asymptomatic controls; 2) to investigate the association between NEE and postural control. Materials and Methods Sixty-four participants (38 asymptomatic, 38 with CNP) participated in this cross-sectional study. NEE was assessed using a clinical extensor endurance test. Under open and closed eyes conditions, postural control measures were tested with the Good Balance system. The postural control parameters were AP-velocity (mm/s), ML-velocity (mm/s) and Velocity moment (mm2). NEE capacity and postural control parameters were compared and correlated between asymptomatic and CNP subjects. Results and Discussion CNP subjects showed lower NEE capacity (p<0.001) and significantly larger AP-velocity (p<0.001), ML-velocity (p<0.001) and Velocity moment (p<0.001) than asymptomatic participants. NEE negatively correlated with AP-velocity (r=−0.51, p=0.001), ML-velocity (r=0.46, p=0.003) and velocity moment (r=0.38, p=0.020) in asymptomatic subjects in eyes open condition and no correlations in subjects with CNP. CNP subjects showed increased postural sway velocities and lowered extensor endurance capacity compared to asymptomatic participants. No correlations existed between NEE and postural control parameters in CNP subjects.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Success of Hiv Point-of-Care Testing in an Emergency Department in an Urban Canadian Setting

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa L Becker ◽  
Laura H Thompson ◽  
Carla Pindera ◽  
Natalie Bridger ◽  
Carmen Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Centre Hospital

BACKGROUND: Approximately 26% of Canadians living with HIV are unaware of their status. Point-of-care (POC) HIV tests have been introduced to simplify and expand HIV testing.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of POC testing in an emergency department (ED) setting in Winnipeg, Manitoba.METHODS: A cross-sectional study of unselected adults presenting to the ED at the Health Sciences Centre Hospital (Winnipeg, Manitoba) was performed. Study procedures included pre- and post-test counselling, administration of the INSTI HIV-1/HIV-2 Antibody Test (bioLytical Laboratories, Canada) and a brief questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected from participants for confirmatory testing on all reactive and indeterminate specimens.RESULTS: In total, 501 adults participated in the study. The majority of participants were younger than 40 years of age, approximately one-half (48.5%) were women and 53% self-identified as Aboriginal. Nearly one-half (49.1%) of the participants had undergone previous HIV testing, although 63% of these tests were performed more than a year earlier. A total of seven individuals tested reactive with the POC test, all of whom were confirmed positive using serological testing (1.4%) and were linked to an HIV specialist within 24 h. Nearly all of the participants (96%) reported satisfaction with the test and believed it belonged in the ED (93%).CONCLUSIONS: Of the participants tested, 1.4% tested reactive for HIV, which is significantly higher than the reported prevalence in Manitoba and in other similar studies conducted in North America. Furthermore, all individuals were linked to timely care. The present study demonstrated that this particular busy tertiary care ED is an important and feasible location for HIV POC testing.

scholarly journals Clinico-hematological study of pancytopenia

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lakhey ◽  
OP Talwar ◽  
VK Singh ◽  
Shiva Raj KC
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Hematological Malignancy ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Erythroid Hyperplasia

Background: Pancytopenia refers to a reduction in all the three cellular elements of blood. The aim of this study was to identify the various causes of pancytopenia in patients attending to Manipal teaching hospital in Pokhara. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in Manipal teaching hospital from August 2008 to August 2010. Fifty-four patients with pancytopenia were included in the study. Complete blood count, bone marrow aspirations and trephine biopsies were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.0 version. Results: Out of 54 cases, there were 16 cases (29.60%) of hypoplastic bone marrow, 15 cases (27.78%) of hematological malignancies, 13 cases (24.10%) of megaloblastic anemia, 4 cases (11.11%) of erythroid hyperplasia and 6 cases (7.41%) of normcellular bone marrow. Acute myeloid leukemia was the commonest hematological malignancy. Conclusion: The commonest cause of pancytopenia in our study was hypoplastic bone marrow followed by hematological malignancies and megaloblastic anemia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6023 JPN 2012; 2(3): 207-210

Knowledge about biosafety measures in clinical setting during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study with Brazilian dental students

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Matheus dos Santos Fernandez ◽  
Andreia Morales Cascaes ◽  
Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz ◽  
Nathalia Ribeiro Jorge da Silva ◽  
Camilla Hubner Bielavski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Medium Level

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian dental students about biosafety measures that should be adopted in the clinical setting during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 1,050 dental students was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire was shared with students. Mean knowledge score on biosafety guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic was the outcome, with a maximum of 8 scores. Explanatory variables included sociodemographic and educational characteristics, aspects related to biosafety education, actions adopted by the dental schools during the pandemic, and sources of biosafety information. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Mean knowledge score was 5.19 (1.28). Female students (β=0.346; 95%CI:0.154–0.539), those enrolled in the intermediate (β=0.525; 95%CI:0.167–0.883) or final (β=0.569; 95%CI:0.200–0.937) stage of course, and those who had already received theoretical-practical training in biosafety (β=0.464; 95%CI:0.063–0.866) presented higher mean knowledge scores. Students who did not receive guidance on aerosol control measures before the pandemic (β=-0.324; 95%CI:-0.519–-0.130) had the lowest score. Conclusion: Students presented a medium level of knowledge about dental biosafety measures in the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic characteristics and those related to the institutional profile of the participants, and access to orientation and training in biosafety may influence their knowledge.

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