Women, Fishermen, and Community-Based Tourism at Djoudj Bird National Park, Senegal: An application of the actor-structure livelihood framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aby Sene-Harper ◽  
Lauren N Duffy ◽  
Birame Sarr
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Structure Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Viable Approach

While Community-based tourism (CBT) has delivered on economic opportunities in some cases, researchers have questioned the viability of its impacts, often citing inequitable distribution of benefits as a critical debilitating factor. CBT is often based on normative principles that assume all actors have equal aspirations, power, voice, and access to resources. Yet, tourism activities are embedded in the same uneven social structures that envelope and define local livelihoods. In this qualitative case study of a fishing community outside of Djoudj National Bird Park in Senegal, we analyze the way a CBT project fits within women’s and fishermen’s livelihood strategies, focusing on the social and cultural norms structuring their participation in tourism. We apply the actor-structure livelihood framework to unveil the interactions between the norms embedded in the community-level social structure (i.e. social and cultural norms) and individuals’ agency as they seek out meaningful livelihood opportunities in CBT. The results of our study show that social norms, implicit biases, and cultural identities associated with women and Black Moorish fishermen, normalize their nonparticipation in certain positions within the CBT project. Through this analysis, we highlight norms shaping other livelihood activities and how they spill into the CBT sphere. We situate our findings within the broader scholarly discussion on CBT as a tool that encourages the equitable distribution of benefits and empowerment of local communities. We also discuss livelihood perspectives, specifically actor-structure framework, as a viable approach to explore failures, challenges, and opportunities of tourism as a community development tool.

scholarly journals O Turismo Comunitário como ferramenta de desenvolvimento local nos territórios quilombolas

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosijane Evangelista da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Community Tourism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tourism Resources

O artigo faz reflexão sobre a prática turística nos territórios quilombolas, buscando analisar o processo de inserção da comunidade de Filipa, Maranhão, no contexto do turismo comunitário. O estudo aborda questões referentes à territorialidade (ALMEIDA, 1989) das comunidades quilombolas. Contextualiza o turismo comunitário como modelo de atividade que favorece e determina a participação e gestão de pequenas comunidades no processo de gerenciamento dos atrativos, garantindo-lhes autonomia e preservação cultural e ambiental de seus recursos turísticos. Oportunizando, dessa forma, que os benefícios gerados pela atividade contemplem as necessidades da comunidade. Partindo-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, alicerçada pela observação participante, conclui-se que o legado sociocultural da comunidade de Filipa pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do local, por meio de um aproveitamento turístico balizado nos princípios do turismo comunitário. The Community Tourism as a local development tool in the Quilombolas territories ABSTRACT The article provides insights on the touristic practice in the quilombolas territories, and it seeks to analyze the process of insertion of Filipa community, Maranhao state, in the context of a community-based tourism. The study has an approach the issues about the territory (ALMEIDA, 1989) of quilombolas communities. It contextualizes the communitarian tourism as a model of activity which contemplates and defines the participation and management of small communities in the process of management of attractions, and these factors can assure autonomy, and cultural and environmental preservation of their tourism resources. And, this way it maximizes the benefits originated in the activity itself can contemplate the needs of the community. Based on the literature review and field work, supported by participant observation, the conclusion is that the social and cultural heritage of Filipa Community can contribute to local development by a tourism optimization guided by community-based tourism principles. KEYWORDS: Quilombolas Communities, Community-based Tourism, Filipa, Local Development.

Business models impacting social change in violent and poverty-stricken neighbourhoods: A case study in Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Hlady Rispal ◽  
Vinciane Servantie
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Value Propositions

The business model (BM) – a representation of a venture’s core logic for creating value – is an emergent construct of interest in social entrepreneurship research. While the BM concept is normally associated with financial objectives, socio-entrepreneurial BMs are uniquely identifiable by their social value propositions, by their intended target markets and by the projected social change. Drawing from a longitudinal case study of a Colombian foundation, we outline the characteristics of socio-entrepreneurial BMs. We analyse the entrepreneurial process behind the implementation of a BM that draws on communitarian innovative solutions that benefit the excluded and, ultimately, society at large. Focusing on the question of how socio-entrepreneurial BMs progressively evolve to produce social change, we examine the BM of a successful socio-entrepreneurial venture that exhibits the conditions of social change. Our findings show that the social value proposition, the entrepreneur’s passion for social change and a community-based network are decisive factors.

scholarly journals Revolutionizing education: Youth participatory action research in motion

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 187-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Richards-Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action Research ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Youth Participatory Action Research ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
The Social

This article reviews 'Revolutionizing education', a deeply reflective and retrospective book of scholarship on critical questions about youth participatory action research. The book contains a series of case study chapters that examine how youth participatory action research transforms young people and the social contexts in which they live as well as the learnings and implications yielded from this research. The book examines youth participatory action research both for its radical and revolutionary challenge to 'traditional research' practices but also for its active focus on research as a vehicle for increasing critical consciousness, developing knowledge for 'resistance and transformation' and for creating social change. It represents an important contribution to the field of youth participatory action research and community-based research.

the View from Below: Exploring the Interface of Europeanization and Basque Language Activism in France

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Heidemann
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Ethnic Mobilization ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
Language Activism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Or Minority Languages

This article explores how Basque language activists in France have evaluated and engaged with European-level minority language policies in relative terms of "opportunity." Focusing upon the social construction of political opportunity from below, I consider how actors affiliated with a community-based schooling initiative cultivated a strategic stance toward the Council of Europe's Charter for Regional or Minority Languages between 1997 and 2007. Drawing upon qualitative case study data, I show how activist stances toward the European Charter were both motivated and minimized by their institutional containment within the French national state and the educational sector more specifically. The article contributes to scholarship by shedding microsociological light on the ways in which grassroots actors experience the intersection between national and supranational political processes in Europe. The article also contributes to the study of ethnic mobilization in Europe by shedding light on the underexamined field of linguistic-rights activism in education.

scholarly journals Youth Mainstreaming in Pacific Development: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kesaya Baba
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Development Agencies ◽  
Development Outcomes

<p>Development outcomes are poor for young people in the Pacific and show little hope of improving without a concerted, collaborative effort. This research seeks to explore the concept and practice of youth mainstreaming (YM) and the challenges and opportunities for it in New Zealand-based development agencies as a means to achieve these better outcomes. Currently there is little scholarly literature about YM, particularly in the Pacific. This research employs a mixed methods methodology comprising four methods: a literature review, interviews with regional stakeholders based in the Pacific, an exploratory multi-case study of three New Zealand (NZ) development agencies and a questionnaire. The findings suggest that while youth are accounted for in the work of many NZ development agencies working in the Pacific, mainstreaming of youth perspectives is limited, often to youth-specific projects. Challenges to YM include a lack of staff knowledge and skills in YM, a lack of knowledge about youth development and limited resources. However, despite these challenges, there is willingness among New Zealand development agencies to learn about youth development and cooperate with each other. This is likely driven by the fact that youth development fits with a number of mandates, be they rights-based, community-based or focused on economic growth. This thesis provides some recommendations to NZ development agencies about how to mainstream youth in their operations. Ultimately, the aim of this thesis is to develop industry knowledge and dialogue about youth development in the Pacific and encourage greater inclusion of youth in development initiatives in the region.</p>

scholarly journals Commodification Practices in the Begawe Sasak’s Lombok Tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-198
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim ◽  
Halimatuzzahro
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mass Cultures

The begawe tradition, which has become the popular culture of Sasaknese, has begun shifted by the consumption of mass cultures, such as catering services, the use of tools or begawe needs, starting to be replaced by industrial products for rent or sale. The forms of commodification in the begawe tradition, especially in begibung (eating together) and betulung (helping each other), two things that become the ‘aura’ of begawe. This difference can be seen from the shifting values, from the principle of kinship to individualism; of various equipment that is transformed and then commercialized. The new ethnography in this case study becomes the basis for examining the commodification practice in the begawe tradition, which switches to catering services and traditional equipment and replaces by modern equipment. The author, who is part of the Sasak community, also takes a participatory approach in begawe events held by the community. This shows that the alienation of popular culture in society cannot be contained by massive mass culture, so that people, which were initially established with high social values, began to form individualist societies that competed to show their social status. The consumption of signs/symbols has formed a society trapped in a pseudo-need that is unwittingly oppressive. Awareness to be critical and filter the mass culture needs a sphere for negotiation to return the spirit of the social community based on kinship interaction.

scholarly journals Digital Workerism: Technology, Platforms, and the Circulation of Workers’ Struggles

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Sai Englert ◽  
Jamie Woodcock ◽  
Callum Cant
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Future Of Work ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Critical Understanding

The use of digital technology has become a key part of contemporary debates on how work is changing, the future of work/ers, resistance, and organising. Workerism took up many of these questions in the context of the factory – particularly through the Italian Operaismo – connecting the experience of the workplace with a broader struggle against capitalism. However, there are many differences between those factories and the new digital workplaces in which many workers find themselves today. The methods of workers’ inquiry and the theories of class composition are a useful legacy from Operaismo, providing tools and a framework to make sense of and intervene within workers’ struggles today. However, these require sharpening and updating in a digital context. In this article, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for a “digital workerism”, understood as both a research and organising method. We use the case study of Uber to discuss how technology can be used against workers, as well as repurposed by them in various ways. By developing an analysis of the technical, social, and political re-composition taking place on the platform, we move beyond determinist readings of technology, to place different technologies within the social relations that are emerging. In particular, we draw attention to the new forms through which workers’ struggles can be circulated. Through this, we argue for a “digital workerism” that develops a critical understanding of how the workplace can become a key site for the struggles of digital/communicative socialism.

Transferring Expert Knowledge: Interpersonal Knowledge Exchange between Extreme Knowledge Workers

2004 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Kevin M. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Social Community

This paper reports on a qualitative case study that investigated how consultants source, exchange and deliver specific knowledge within a medium-sized Australian consulting firm to solve client problems in context. This detailed examination of consultants as extreme knowledge workers resulted in the proposal of an eight-stage model of interpersonal knowledge exchange. Utilising the concept of "payload knowledge" (a concept that emerged from the research data as comprising that, specific distillation of knowledge, both tacit and explicit, required to resolve an applied problem in context), respondents described how the interpersonal knowledge exchange process allows them to decontextualise their knowledge and pass it to a requesting consultant, who is able to skilfully recontextualise the content close to its original full meaning. This negotiation process relies on the community's shared language, mental models, social etiquette and cultural norms to compress and funnel the meaning of the payload knowledge to a form that can be transferred meaningfully to a requesting consultant for application to meet the specific need of the client. The process is shown to be predicable in terms of passing through eight identifiable stages, yet unpredictable in terms of knowing how each community interaction will develop into payload knowledge. Within this process, the sourcing, handover, distillation and implementation of payload knowledge are seen as an artistic endeavour, characterised by social community based exchanges that 'hop' the consultants toward their specific contextual need.

Regulating the Social Impacts of Studentification: A Loughborough Case Study

10.1068/a396 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Social Impacts ◽  
Threshold Analysis ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Town ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Relationship

Now a recognised phenomenon in many British cities, studentification is the process by which specific neighbourhoods become dominated by student residential occupation. Outlining the causes and consequences of this process, this paper suggests that studentification raises important questions about community cohesiveness and that intervention may be required by local authorities if social and cultural conflicts are to be avoided. Detailing the social impacts of studentification in Loughborough, a market town in the English East Midlands, the paper accordingly considers recent housing policies designed to prevent the formation of exclusive ‘student ghettos’. The paper concludes by suggesting that the type of ‘threshold analysis’ utilised in Loughborough may well spread students more thinly across a city, but that the relationship between students and the wider community requires other forms of regulation if town–university tensions are to be effectively managed. Throughout, comparison is made between the Loughborough and other UK university towns where the challenges and opportunities associated with studentification have been differently addressed.

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