CHANGE OF ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF LITHOSPHERE ELEMENTS DURING THEIR DEFORMATION

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to establish analytical patterns for predicting changes in stress and energy density spent on the destruction of rocks according to experimental studies. To solve this purpose in the article were set the following scientific problems: 1) analytical description of the dependence of the stress σij on the main deformation εij; 2) establishment of calculation parameters that are included in the analytical patterns; 3) analytical description and study of fracture energy density curves. Methodology. In the course of analytical and experimental researches of full diagrams of deformation of rocks the mathematical model of dependence of the stress on the deformation is developed. Physico-mechanical processes of all characteristic sections of the complete deformation diagram were also analyzed and described. Analysis of the resulting curve showed that the rock mass and elements of the lithosphere are not perfectly elastic or plastic objects. Along with the elastic ones, plastic ones are always present to one degree or another. The integration of the obtained analytical expression σ11 = f(ε11) allowed to establish the volumetric energy density spent on the destruction of the rock sample under the action of external load. The maximum activation energy for the considered rock is 0.67 MJ/m3. A comparison of the experimental and calculated values of the energy dependence u(ε1) shows a coincidence over almost the entire range of deformation changes (ε11 = 0..0.04). Findings. The study of rock samples at hard stress allowed to obtain a complete deformation characteristics of the rock. The curve that surrounds the deformation cycles (1) combines pre-boundary, boundary, extremal modes of deformation and destruction of rocks. Equation (4) allows us to establish that the destruction can occur at different values of energy density U(ε). Originality. An analytical description of the energy diagram of deformation and a complete diagram of stress change in the form of a single dependence, which takes into account the boundary and extremal areas, was developed in the work. In contrast to the method of piecewise linear approximation, this approach corresponds to the physics of the process and reduces errors in calculations. Practical implications. Theoretical and experimental analysis of the obtained energy fracture diagrams and complete stress change diagrams in rocks allows to estimate the bearing capacity of a rock mass or other solid body. This allows you to predict critical values of stresses and external loads to prevent failure in a timely manner.

INTRODUCTION TO 75th ANNIVERSARY OF THE INSTITUTE OF ENERGY SAVING AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Institute of Energy Saving and Energy Management of Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute as the successor of the glorious mining faculty of KPI entered the jubilee 75th year from its foundation.

IDENTIFYING DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE IN METROPOLISES USING SYSTEM METHODOLOGY

Purpose: Determining construction priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects by evaluating morphological models of car tunnels considering the impact on the ecological and technogenic safety of urbanized territories. Methodology: modified morphological analysis of geological environment, urbanized territories and transport infrastructure of sites in a metropolis, expert estimation method. Findings: a morphological model was tested as a tool set for determining construction priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects; inter-related morphological tables for geological environment and structural-functional factors of urbanized territories in a tunnel area were constructed; an estimation of models regarding development of underground infrastructure was conducted using the planned car tunnels in Kyiv as an example; the impact of tunnels on reducing the ecological and technogenic risks of urbanized space was justified, and the priority construction object was chosen according to these criteria. Originality: for the first time the reduction of ecological and technogenic risks of urbanized space was chosen as a goal function in morphological models for the development of underground transport infrastructure in metropolises; the systemic characteristics of urban territories were obtained that describe the favorability of the geological environment and structural-functional factors for car tunnel construction in center metropolis areas; an impact ratio was proposed for synthesizing morphological analysis results and determining the priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects by influence on the ecological and technogenic risks. Practical implications: the created methodology and tool set for determining priorities of underground object construction at the pre-project stage, the opportunity to consider the ecological and technogenic risks of urban space development by consecutive construction of underground transport infrastructure objects and identifying an order for this sequence.

SPECIFICS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF TRANSPORT AND TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM “MINING GAS PIPELINE – MINE WORKING”

The purpose of the paper is to analyze a deformation mechanism of the mine degassing pipelines to forecast their spatial changes in terms of intensification of underground mining of coal-gas seams. Methodology. The paper deals with expert assessment of the available approaches to diagnostics of technical condition of mine degassing pipelines, which are constructed within the in-seam underground mine workings with the floor rocks prone to heaving. The results of scheduled surveying measurements of technical condition of in-seam development workings have helped identify the potentially hazardous zones of rock mass deformation and indices of changes in spatial location of section degassing pipelines mounted in those mine workings. To determine the operating modes of a degassing pipeline under such operating conditions, a computer model of interaction of the elements of transport-technological system “mine gas pipeline – mine working” has been developed Findings. Diagnostics of technical conditions of the mine gas transmission lines and examination of their dismantled components have helped understand that deflections, mainly resulting in water accumulation zones, intensive corrosion of internal pipe walls, and mechanical depositions of coal and rock dust take place right within the flange connection areas. Formation of such zones is argued by health of the degassing pipeline as well as mine air inflow. Availability of internal corrosion, water accumulations, and mine air inflow decreases substantially capacity of the underground gas transmission line inclusive of qualitative characteristics of the captured methane-air mixture and efficiency of MDS on the whole. Originality. New approaches to diagnostics of technical condition of mine degassing gas pipeline in difficult mining and geological conditions of development of gas-bearing coal seams are substantiated and it is offered to consider indicators of their functioning as interacting in space and time transport-technological system "mine gas pipeline - mining". Practical implications. The operational parameters of mine degassing systems notes that the equipment performance with the least underpressure losses created by vacuum pipes requires that the degassing pipeline should have minimum hydraulic resistance of the gas transmission network. Pipeline aeration from the mine workings and water accumulations should be prevented by means of qualitative hermetic sealing of its flange connections as well as the pipeline straightness with the corresponding pitches. Consequently, the basic requirements for operating mine degassing pipelines involve their design profile, tightness of flange connections of pipes as well as operative control of the facility health.

DETERMINING THE PATTERNS OF STABILITY OF MINE WORKINGS FOR CALCULATION ROOF BOLTING PARAMETERS

Purpose. The published studies are aimed at determining the mechanism of deformation of the rocks of the contour around the workings in terms of the parameters of the emerging fracturing and their dependence on the indicators of the strength of the rocks and the depth of occurrence in the massif. The tasks of the study include the installation of fracture indicators, the determination of the parameters of the development of the deformation process around the working, including the effect of longwall mining and taking into account the possibility of reuse of the workings. Methodology. To solve the set tasks, the method of field observations was used together with the use of regression dependencies to determine the dependences of the parameters on the influencing factors. In addition, the method of full-scale pull-out tests of anchor support was used, which made it possible to determine the clamping forces of the anchors. Originality. In the course of the research, the dependences of stresses and deformation along the K7 coal seam in the conditions of the mine named after Kuzembaev CD JSC "ArcelorMittal Temirtau" for the massif around the mine with fastening. Rational parameters for the use of roof bolting in preparatory mine workings have been established. This type of fastening provides direct contact between rocks and lining. Analysis of the results of calculating the parameters of the roof bolting showed that to maintain the roof in the development workings, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the roof bolting. The main parameters include the length of the anchors, the total resistance of the roof bolting and the density of the anchors. Anchor support forms laminated rock beams in the roof rocks, which ensure the stability of the workings. Conclusions and practical significance. The results of studies devoted to the establishment of the influence of mining-geological and mining-technical factors on the formation of zones of inelastic deformation in the host rocks were considered. Significant dependences of the deformation processes of rocks in the massif around the workings were obtained, and the parabolic zone of destruction of rocks was determined. The practical significance of the research consists in determining the actual indicators of the required bearing capacity of the anchorage at two levels in the conditions of the development of the coal seam k7 of the Kuzembaev mine.

ENSURING THE STABILITY OF INTERNAL DUMPS ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF SOILS

Purpose. The paper considers the issues of ensuring the stability of internal dumps consisting of soft rocks. This issue is relevant because the stability of quarry boards and dumps affects the safety of work in quarries. Methodology. When assessing the stability of slopes, the method of determining the minimum coefficient of stability, equal to the ratio of restraining forces to shear forces that arise in the slope array. Findings. The calculation and assessment of the stability of the slopes of the dumps are carried out on the example of Malyshevsky rutile-zircon-ilmenite deposit. The geological structure of the deposit overburden is represented by loess-like loams, red-brown clays, gray-green clays, fine-grained sands. To ensure the stability of internal dumps, the selective formation of dumps is proposed, which is presented in this paper in two ways. In the first variant, the dumping of Sarmatian gray-green clays into the lower part of the heap, which are weakly permeable and have low strength, is considered. In the second variant, a layer of Sarmatian sands is poured into the base of the dump. According to the normative value of the coefficient of stability margin, depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks that make up the array, the optimal height and slope angle of the dump are determined. When assessing the stability of the slopes of the dump, the impact of groundwater and the possibility of location in the developed space of the tailings were also taken into account. Originality and Practical implications. Studies have shown that the most rational option is the formation of internal heaps with embedding in the base of the lower tier of the heap with a height of 40 m layer of Sarmatian sands; in the case of embedding in the lower part of the inner heaps of gray-green clays, it is advisable to form the lower tier of the heap with 2 sub-tiers up to 20 m high; the upper tier of the dump is recommended to be formed by one massif 26 m high. Besides, in the produced space of the quarry, the location of the tailings is possible in case of dumping Sarmatian sands into the base of the dump.

SIMULATION OF JOINT FORMATION OF CAREER OVERBURDEN ROCK WITH PLACEMENT OF IRON ORE ENRICHMENT WASTE

Purpose. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to substantiate the possibility of dump formation during joint dumping of quarry overburden rocks and iron ore wastes during the development of the Horishne-Plavnivsky deposit of iron quartzites. Task. Perform geomechanical modeling of the behavior of the quarry dump with the placement of funnels with enrichment wastes and establish the possibility of their joint storage in the dumps of the Horishno-Plavnivskoye deposit; to establish regularities of development of deformation processes in a dump in process of construction of each layer at dump of wastes of enrichment in funnels and to calculate a factor of a stock of stability of a dump after its formation. Research methods. To achieve the goal of research used: the method of complex analysis – to summarize previous research on the establishment and justification of the most rational method of dumping of enrichment waste; modeling methods – to establish the possibility and feasibility of joint dumping of enrichment wests and overburden rocks from the quarry. Scientific novelty. For the conditions of the Horishne-Plavnivsky deposit of ferrous quartzites by the method of geomechanical modeling the expediency and possibility of placement of dehydrated enrichment wastes in funnels on dump of overburden rocks is substantiated. Conclusions and practical significance of the article. For research results the predicted behavior of a dump during all term of its use is received. The obtained values of the maximum deformations are deviated in the process of its formation by each of layer and the investigated efficiency of deformation at formation of the following layer is established. The indicator of the coefficient of safety of the stability of the corresponding deviation after its formation and building, which means that it exceeds the minimum, in accordance with current regulations (n=1,329>1,3), after it is formation with further use joint dumping of overburden rocks and enrichment wastes is possible and appropriate.

FORMATION OF CRUSHING ZONE AT THE LEVEL OF TAMPING IN THE CONDITIONS OF MASS EXPLOSIONS

The purpose of the work is to study the sequence of formation of the fracture zone in the area of the array above the ends of the system of adjacent charges in connection with the technological parameters of their mutual location. The task of works is the analytically substantiate the dependence of the value of the undamaged area of the array at the level of the bottomhole on the parameters of the system of downhole charges, taking into account the phenomenon of the edge effect. Research results. Data on the dimentions of the part of the massif in the lborewhole that does not participate in the mass deformation motion of the rock during the formation of adjacent downhole funnels are obtained. It is assumed that this area between adjacent charges is the source of the oversized fraction. Originality. The process of formation of the destroyed zone in space above the end of the boreholeis considered step by step: generation of the shock wave front, the symmetry of which is close to spherical, formation of the loosenning funnel system in the second stage, which does not adjacent charges of the total front of the stress wave from the explosion of downhole charges detonated from their bottom. Behind him moves the deformation front of a complex structure. It is assumed that this front in the system of two adjacent charges acquires a shape similar to a vertical wedge inverted by the base towards the free surface. The expected result of such a step-by-step deformation process is the desired degree of crushing of the rock mass at the level of the tamping. Conclusions and practical implications. Theoretically and calculatedly obtained and recommended rational parameters of the location of the system of well charges of limited length to reduce the size of the non-destructive region of the rock mass at the level of the tamping, which improves the design of mass explosions in mountain slopes.

SPECIFICS OF FORECASTING METHODOLOGY INDUSTRIAL INJURIES AND PROFESSIONAL DISEASES

Purpose. Substantiate the need for development of new scientific and methodological foundations for forecasting occupational injuries and illnesses. Methodology. Analyze existing methods of occupational injuries and illnesses forecasting, propose a new algorithm for calculation of their levels, set scientific and methodological requirements to information analysis system used for the prevention of occupational illnesses. Findings. Modern methods of forecasting injuries make it possible to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures. However, there is no universal method for analyzing the occupational morbidity due to the different specifics of disease causes and manifestations which do not allow to conduct a realistic assessment of labor protection in a particular area over a given period of time. Therefore, it is the reduction in the level of occupational injuries and illnesses compared to the data obtained by the forecasting method that may be indicative of preventive measures effectiveness. At the same time, development of information analysis system of personal protective equipment continues to be a pressing issue (PPE). Originality. It has been proposed to develop a special mathematical tool for determining loss reduction and information analysis system, which will provide a forecasted estimate of occupational morbidity at an enterprise. To obtain a reliable forecast it is important to identify the average value of cases over a given period of time, which has been considered in this paper. Conclusions and Practical Significance. There are numerous methods available for analysis of occupational injuries and illnesses. Most of them, however, are unfit for the assessment of occupational diseases. Since chronic occupational illnesses have a cumulative nature, the rate of work-related diseases is more predictable than that of injuries and accidents. This makes it possible to determine the “occupational morbidity rate” provided that the time spent by workers in the area of exposure to occupational hazards is recorded together with reference data on the conditional level of exposure to each hazard. Keywords: forecasting, injuries, occupational morbidity, occupational safety activities, hazard, information analysis system.

JUSTIFICATION OF TRANSPORT WORKS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A BLOCK QUARRY

The increase in oil prices, consumables and tools is necessitate the re–equipment of mining enterprises in Ukraine. The share of automobile transport reaches 35–50 % in the dimension blocks production costs. The purpose of the work is to determine transportation costs (TC) of 1 m3 of blocks depending on the volume and transportation distance within the quarry; improving the transportation plan by solving transportation problems of linear programming. Fuel consumption and dimension block TC for three models of front–end loaders (FEL) were newly calculated on the basis of a comprehensive study. A comparison of the economic feasibility of FEL and dump truck (DT) use in certain mining conditions have been made. The rationalization plan (RP) of dimension blocks transportation within the quarry was newly proposed. The research was performed at the dimension gabbro quarry, blocks transportation in which is performed using FEL CAT 988F (1) and DT KrAZ–256B. FELs CAT 988H (2) and CAT 986H (3) were adopted for comparison. The average annual fuel consumption is determined: among the FELs considered in the research, the (3) consumes the least, and the (1) currently used at the enterprise consumes 22.7 % and 9.7 % more fuel compared to the (3) and the (2), respectively, in similar conditions. Trade blocks transportation using FEL is economically more expedient in comparison with the DT at transportation distance up to 300–400 m. It is determined that the trade blocks TC using the (2) and the (3) is 5.3 % and 12.6 % lower, respectively, compared to the (1). This paper also considers the transportation problem for FELs, in which blocks from several banks must be distributed between several storage areas, provided to minimize TC. According to the proposed RP of transportation, the savings will be up to 13 % compared to the initial conditions, which in monetary terms is 41538–48639 UAH/year depending on the FEL model. The replacement of the (1) for the (3) will reduce block TC by 12.6 % (47000 UAH/year) in the current conditions. The TC using the (3) will be 285303.5 UAH according to the proposed RP, which is 23.7 % (88476 UAH/year) less than the (1) application before the rationalization. Keywords: dimension stone; front–end loader; commercial blocks transportation costs; transportation problem; cargo traffic rationalization; fuel consumption; haul road gradient.