Novel Antibiotics from Marine Sources

With the emergence of newer diseases, resistant forms of infectious diseases and multi-drug resistant bacteria, it has become essential to develop novel and more effective antibiotics. Current antibiotics are obtained from terrestrial life or made synthetically from intermediates. The ocean represents virtually untapped resource from which novel antibiotic compounds can be discovered. It is the marine world that will provide the pharmaceutical industry with the next generation of antibiotics. Marine antibiotics are antibiotics obtained from marine organisms. Scientists have reported the discovery of various antibiotics from marine bacteria (aplasmomycin, himalomycins, and pelagiomycins), sponges (Ara C, variabillin, strobilin, ircinin-1, aeroplysin, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylacetamide), coelenterates (asperidol and eunicin), mollusks (laurinterol and pachydictyol), tunicates (geranylhydroquinone and cystadytins), algae (cycloeudesmol, aeroplysinin-1(+), prepacifenol and tetrabromoheptanone), worms (tholepin and 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybezaldehyde), and actinomycetes (marinomycins C and D). This indicates that the marine environment, representing approximately half of the global diversity, is an enormous resource for new antibiotics and this source needs to be explored for the discovery of new generation antibiotics. The present article provides an overview of various antibiotics obtained from marine sources.

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Antibacterial Prodrugs to Overcome Bacterial Resistance

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25071543 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 1543 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Buthaina Jubeh ◽

Zeinab Breijyeh ◽

Rafik Karaman

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Active Drug ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

New Drug ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Treatments ◽

New Treatments ◽

Novel Antibiotics

Bacterial resistance to present antibiotics is emerging at a high pace that makes the development of new treatments a must. At the same time, the development of novel antibiotics for resistant bacteria is a slow-paced process. Amid the massive need for new drug treatments to combat resistance, time and effort preserving approaches, like the prodrug approach, are most needed. Prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive entities of active drugs that undergo biotransformation before eliciting their pharmacological effects. A prodrug strategy can be used to revive drugs discarded due to a lack of appropriate pharmacokinetic and drug-like properties, or high host toxicity. A special advantage of the use of the prodrug approach in the era of bacterial resistance is targeting resistant bacteria by developing prodrugs that require bacterium-specific enzymes to release the active drug. In this article, we review the up-to-date implementation of prodrugs to develop medications that are active against drug-resistant bacteria.

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BIOBOARD

Asia-Pacific Biotech News ◽

10.1142/s0219030318000319 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (04) ◽

pp. 49-56

Keyword(s):

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Chiral Molecules ◽

Liver Cancer Cells ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

New Findings ◽

New Antibiotics

ASIA – Natural products identified as potential new antibiotic against various drug-resistant bacteria. ASIA – HKUST discovers new antibiotics resistance mechanism. ASIA – Green tea-based drug carriers improve cancer treatment. ASIA – New molecule can kill five types of deadly drug-resistant superbugs. ASIA – Scientists grow liver cancer cells in lab. ASIA – New findings reveal sex-based and age-based differences in how the gut microbiome affects brain immunity. ASIA – HKUST scientists find new way to produce chiral molecules.

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The Strategies of Pathogen-Oriented Therapy on Circumventing Antimicrobial Resistance

Research ◽

10.34133/2020/2016201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-32

Author(s):

Zifang Shang ◽

Siew Yin Chan ◽

Qing Song ◽

Peng Li ◽

Wei Huang

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Drug Efficacy ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Conventional Antibiotics ◽

Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

The emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses serious threats to the global public health. Conventional antibiotics have been eclipsed in combating with drug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, the developing and deploying of novel antimicrobial drugs have trudged, as few new antibiotics are being developed over time and even fewer of them can hit the market. Alternative therapeutic strategies to resolve the AMR crisis are urgently required. Pathogen-oriented therapy (POT) springs up as a promising approach in circumventing antibiotic resistance. The tactic underling POT is applying antibacterial compounds or materials directly to infected regions to treat specific bacteria species or strains with goals of improving the drug efficacy and reducing nontargeting and the development of drug resistance. This review exemplifies recent trends in the development of POTs for circumventing AMR, including the adoption of antibiotic-antibiotic conjugates, antimicrobial peptides, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, nanotechnologies, CRISPR-Cas systems, and microbiota modulations. Employing these alternative approaches alone or in combination shows promising advantages for addressing the growing clinical embarrassment of antibiotics in fighting drug-resistant bacteria.

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Antibacterial Potential of Streptomyces showdoensis BYC17 from the Nest of Odontotermes formosanus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-26431/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Cao ◽

Jia Xie ◽

Jia-le Liu ◽

Yi-wen Zhang ◽

Zhong-di Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphological Observation ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Resource Base ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Odontotermes Formosanus

Abstract Background: With the continuous exploration and application of antibiotics, many common diseases have been treated while the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria has increased. The immediate raised of antibiotic-resistance makes it necessary to research special microorganisms for finding novel bioactive substances against drug-resistant bacteria. Insect-associated microbes have special metabolic pathways and are valuable resource base for the research and development of new antibiotics. The Odontotermes formosanus has formed a unique self-defense mechanismin the long-term evolution. Hence, nest of O. formosanus is a potential material for screening actinomycetes and compounds with bacteriostatic activity.Methods: The strain BYC17 was identified by morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, and the bacteriostasis test of BYC17 was carried on. The active component was separated and purified after screening, and the structure of the active monomer compound was determined by spectral analysis. Finally, the bacteriostatic effect of the active monomer compound was tested.Results: BYC17 was identified as Streptomyces showdoensis with antimicrobial activity against all three test bacteria. The monomer compound BYC17-01 was isolated from BYC17 and identified as izumiphenazine A. Under the concentration of 90 μg/6 mm filter paper, the inhibition zones of the monomer compound BYC17-01 against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Micrococcus tetragenus were 13.0, 9.0 and 11.1 mm respectively.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that izumiphenazine A produced by strain BYC17 hold the potential to be used against various human pathogenic microorganisms, particularly S. aureus and M. tetragenus .

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Light-Activated Rhenium Complexes with Dual Mode of Action against Bacteria

10.26434/chemrxiv.9900875 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Angelo Frei ◽

Maite Amado ◽

Matthew Cooper ◽

Mark A. T. Blaskovich

Keyword(s):

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Activity Profile ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Rhenium Complex ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Potential Alternative

New antibiotics and innovative approaches to kill drug-resistant bacteria are urgently needed. Metal-complexes offer access to potential alternative modes of action and have only sparingly been investigated in antibacterial drug discovery. We have developed a light-activated rhenium complex with activity against drug resistant bacteria. The activity profile against mutant strains combined with assessments of cellular uptake and synergy suggest two distinct modes of action.

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The diminished antimicrobial pipeline

Microbiology Australia ◽

10.1071/ma19025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mark AT Blaskovich

Keyword(s):

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Pharmaceutical Companies ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

The Past ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Drying Up ◽

Biotechnology Companies ◽

Global Initiatives

Australians love antibiotics, with one of the highest rates of human antibiotic usage in the world. Unfortunately, they are being loved to death, as high rates of inappropriate use, both here and around the globe, are contributing to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria against which our current arsenal of antibiotics is becoming increasingly ineffective. In the past, advancements in developing new antibiotics kept pace with developing resistance, but we are now facing a deadly reality where the pipeline of ‘new and improved' antibiotics is rapidly drying up. There are a number of global initiatives attempting to reprime the pipeline, but the exit of major pharmaceutical companies from antibiotic research and the poor financial performance of antibiotic-focused biotechnology companies continues.

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Polishing the tarnished silver bullet: the quest for new antibiotics

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/ebc20160077 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 103-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mark A.T. Blaskovich ◽

Mark S. Butler ◽

Matthew A. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Market Failure ◽

Therapeutic Options ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Silver Bullet

We are facing a potential catastrophe of untreatable bacterial infections, driven by the inexorable rise of extensively drug-resistant bacteria, coupled with a market failure of pharmaceutical and biotech companies to deliver new therapeutic options. While global recognition of the problem is finally apparent, solutions are still a long way from being implemented. In addition to drug stewardship programmes and better diagnostics, new antibiotics are desperately needed. The question remains as to how to achieve this goal. This review will examine the different strategies being applied to discover new antibiotics.

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Light-Activated Rhenium Complexes with Dual Mode of Action against Bacteria

10.26434/chemrxiv.9900875.v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Angelo Frei ◽

Maite Amado ◽

Matthew Cooper ◽

Mark A. T. Blaskovich

Keyword(s):

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Activity Profile ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Rhenium Complex ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

New Antibiotics ◽

Potential Alternative

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Molecular Engineering of Polymyxin B for Imaging and Treatment of Bacterial Infections

Frontiers in Chemistry ◽

10.3389/fchem.2021.809584 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Minghao Wu ◽

Shipeng He ◽

Hua Tang ◽

Honggang Hu ◽

Yejiao Shi

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Research Area ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Molecular Engineering ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Targeted Imaging ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Novel Antibiotics

The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the lack of novel antibiotics to combat them have led to the revival of polymyxin B, a previously abandoned antibiotic due to its potential nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. To facilitate its widely clinical applications, increasing effort has been devoted to molecularly engineer polymyxin B for the targeted imaging and effective treatment of bacterial infections. Herein, the molecular engineering strategies will be summarized in this mini review, with selected recent advances for illustration. Perspective of the challenges and trends in this exciting and eagerly anticipated research area will also be provided in the end. We hope this mini review will inspire researchers from diverse fields to bring forward the next wave of exploiting molecular engineering approaches to propel the “old” polymyxin B to “new” clinical significance in combating bacterial infections.

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