scholarly journals Effects of Different Periodization Models in Strength Training on Physical and Motor Skills during 24 Weeks of Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-133
Author(s):  
Déborah de Araújo Farias ◽  
Michel Moraes Gonçalves ◽  
Sérgio Eduardo Nassar ◽  
Euzébio de Oliveira

Introduction: Periodization is the accurate manipulation of methodological variables of strength training (ST) to provide a progressive increase in the different manifestations of muscle strength. The most used models in ST are linear and undulatory periodization. Objective: Evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of training by applying three different models of ST periodization: Linear Periodization (LP), Weekly Undulating Periodization (WUP) and Daily Undulating Periodization (DUP) on: upper limb (UL) strength (submaximal and endurance), submaximal strength and power of the lower limbs (LL) and on other components of physical fitness (flexibility, agility and abdominal endurance strength). Methods: Experimental, longitudinal study, with a convenience sample, in which 29 people of both sexes participated, randomly allocated to the groups. Tests were performed pre- and post-intervention. ANOVA (two-way) of repeated measures was performed. Results: There was a significant increase in submaximal strength of the UL in the three periodization models: LP (p<0.001), the WUP (p=0.002) and DUP (p=0.001). There was also a significant increase in submaximal strength of the LL with LP (p=0.002), WUP (p<0.001) and with DUP (p=0.001). No significant intergroup differences were found in any test and time. Conclusion: In individuals without training experience, 24 weeks of TF provided gains in different manifestations of strength, regardless of the periodization model (LP, WUP or DUP). PL and WUP seem to be better at providing LL power gains in the horizontal jump.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Sylwia Mrzygłód ◽  
Przemysław Pietraszewski ◽  
Artur Golas ◽  
Jakub Jarosz ◽  
Aleksander Matusiński ◽  
...  

This study examined the effects of a short-term supplementary body-weight training program on changes in the muscle activity imbalance of the lower limbs during high-speed running in soccer players. Fifteen professional male soccer players took part in the study (age: 25 ± 5 years, body mass: 79.2 ± 10.8 kg, stature: 177 ± 10 cm, training experience: 12 ± 5 years). The evaluations of lower limb muscle activity imbalance via surface electromyography (sEMG) were performed twice (pre- and post-intervention), at a three-week interval. The sEMG was measured bilaterally from the area of quadriceps (Q), hamstrings (H), and gluteal muscles (G) during high-speed running at 18 km/h using sEMG shorts. Between measurements, the athletes performed the supplementary body-weight program of the lower limbs 4 times a week for 3 weeks. The training included six body-weight exercises performed unilaterally. The load progression included an additional set of each exercise in successive weeks of the experiment. The two-way repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a statistically significant main interaction for time × muscle (p = 0.006; F = 6.948; η2 = 0.332). The post-hoc analysis for the interaction effect of time × muscle showed a statistically significant decrease in muscle imbalance for the post-intervention compared to the pre-intervention for the H (p < 0.001; ES = 1.32), G (p = 0.002; ES = 0.92), and T (p < 0.001; ES = 1.54), but not for Q (p = 0.56; ES = 0.14). Moreover, there was a statistically significant greater imbalance between the H, G, and T muscles versus Q (p = 0.043, ES = 1.15; p = 0.006, ES = 1.57; p = 0.001, ES = 1.69, respectively) for the values recorded pre-intervention. Changes in muscle activity after 3 weeks of sports-specific movement patterns were statistically significant. For the gluteal (G) and hamstring (H), the imbalance between the limbs decreased significantly (p = 0.01). The imbalance in the quadriceps muscles (Q), with respect to each limb, did not decrease significantly (p = 0.82) following the training intervention. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that in-season soccer training supplemented with a body-weight training program successfully decreases gluteal and hamstring imbalance between limbs after 3 weeks of training.


10.3823/2520 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Glauco De Cunto Taets ◽  
Camila Mendonça de Moraes Lopes ◽  
Claudio Joaquim Borba-Pinheiro ◽  
Estelio Henrique Martin Dantas

Objective: To assess patients’ perceptions of the quality of care delivered by staff who underwent training about humanized care in a private hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Method: This was an exploratory study. The convenience sample consisted of 30 patients, and data were collected via pre-intervention questionnaires, followed by post-intervention questionnaires after a training sessions with 44 employees working in a cardiac intensive unit of a private general hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dependent variables were analyzed using McNemar’s nonparametric test for repeated measures, considered suitable because of the nominal scale. Percentage differences were calculated using the following equation: ∆%=[(post-test – pre-test)*100/test] with significance set at  <0.05. Results: Improvements were observed in quality of patient care (Δ% = 38.1%, p = 0.031) and clarification of patients’ clinical condition (Δ% = 25%, p = 0.021), in addition to perceived room temperature (Δ % = 40%, p = 0.008) and ambient noise (Δ% = 52.6%, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Quality of care improved significantly after staff training, demonstrating the essential nature of ongoing education.


Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Facundo Costa ◽  
Andrés Santiago Parodi Feye ◽  
Carlos Magallanes

  El desarrollo de la fuerza es relevante tanto para el rendimiento como para la salud. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar los efectos del CrossFit en comparación con entrenamiento tradicional sobre distintas manifestaciones de la fuerza. Catorce adultos entrenados de ambos sexos fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos para realizar 8 semanas de entrenamiento: un grupo (CF; edad: 24.9 ± 1.6 años) realizó CrossFit y el otro grupo (ET; edad: 28.7 ± 4.6 años) realizó entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional. La carga de ambos fue equiparada con relación a la duración de la parte central de las sesiones. Todos los sujetos fueron evaluados con tests de fuerza máxima (Back Squat, Bench Press y Dead Lift), fuerza resistencia (Squat y Push-ups) y fuerza explosiva (Squat Jump y Abalakov) pre y post intervención. Se verificaron mejoras en ambos grupos en todas las variables analizadas (p < 0,05), pero no se hallaron diferencias entre grupos como consecuencia de los distintos programas de entrenamiento. Se concluye que ambos programas de entrenamiento son similarmente efectivas para desarrollar la fuerza máxima, la fuerza explosiva y la fuerza resistencia en adultos entrenados. Abstract: Muscular strength development in its different expressions forms is relevant for both sport performance and health. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of CrossFit training in comparison with traditional resistance training on different expressions of strength. Fourteen adults of both sexes, with strength training experience, were randomly divided into two groups to perform 8 weeks of training: one group (CF; age: 24.9 ± 1.6yrs) performed CrossFit and the other group (ET; age: 28.7 ± 4.6yrs) performed traditional strength training. The training load of both programs was equated in relation to the duration of the main part of the sessions. All subjects were tested for maximal strength (Back Squat, Bench Press and Dead Lift), endurance strength (Squat and Push-ups) and explosive strength (Squat Jump and Abalakov) before and after the intervention. Significant improvements were verified in both groups post intervention for all the variables analyzed (p <0.05), but no significant differences were found between groups as a consequence of the different training programs. It is concluded that both training modalities are similarly effective in developing maximal strength, explosive strength and endurance strength in trained adults.


Author(s):  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
José Luis Ubago-Jiménez ◽  
Pilar Puertas-Molero ◽  
Irwin Andrés Ramírez-Granizo ◽  
José Joaquín Muros ◽  
...  

The first aim of the present work was to examine the effects of a physical activity sports program, specifically Kin-Ball, within a group of individuals with intellectual disabilities, on decreasing sedentary behavior and improving basic physical skills. The second aim was to evaluate social validity and acceptability of the intervention. In this pre-experimental study, 47 individuals participated (46.8% male and 53.2% female) with an average age of 29.85 (SD = 10.41). All participants were administered an intervention program based on the alternative sport of Kin-Ball. BMI was calculated for body composition and age-related Z-scores were interpreted with the tables provided by the WHO. Endurance was measured through a modified six-minute test, speed was analyzed using a 50 m test, and strength was estimated according to a hand-grip dynamometer. Likewise, balance and coordination were examined in line with adaptations proposed by the scientific literature. Results indicated that all cases experienced statistically significant differences following the intervention program (p = 0.000). Improvement effects were detected in all post-intervention tests (endurance, strength, speed, balance, and coordination). As a main conclusion, it is indicated that an alternative sports-based program improves physical ability and motor skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Danilo Jamaikon Carvalho ◽  
Heitor Francisco Moreira Barbosa ◽  
Ramon Franco Carvalho

INTRODUÇÃO: A potencialização pós ativação é o fenômeno do aumento da potência muscular quando precedido de uma atividade condicionante (AC) de força a partir de cargas de alta intensidade.OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito agudo de três diferentes intensidades de atividade condicionante sobre o desempenho do salto vertical. MÉTODOS: Quinze homens com experiência no treinamento de força visitaram o laboratório em seis ocasiões. As duas primeiras visitas foram destinadas exclusivamente para identificar a carga de 1RM no exercício agachamento. As demais visitas foram realizadas de forma aleatória compreendendo três condições experimentais e um controle. Os procedimentos experimentais foram compostos com a AC realizada em 3 séries de 3 repetições com 20,55 ou 90% de 1RM no exercício agachamento. Tanto antes, como 10 minutos após a realização da AC, os voluntários realizaram 3 saltos verticais. Na visita controle, nenhuma AC foi realizada entre as séries de saltos. Como variável dependente, tanto a maior altura obtida (melhor desempenho) quanto a média de altura das séries de saltos foram consideradas. Após a verificação da normalidade pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk, uma ANOVA two-way com medidas repetidas foi utilizado para verificar se havia interação ou efeito principal. O nível de significância adotado foi de p0,05.RESULTADOS: ANOVA two-way com medidas repetidas não observou interação grupo x teste (p=0,938) e nem efeito principal grupo (p=0,486) ou teste (p=0,658) quando se considerou a média dos 3 saltos. O mesmo resultado foi observado quando se avaliou o salto de melhor desempenho (p=0,582; p=0,873; p=0,119).CONCLUSÃO: Os protocolos adotados no presente estudo parecem não interferir no desempenho do salto vertical para indivíduos experientes no treinamento de força, mas não atletas. A individualidade biológica é um importante fator de influência, indicando a necessidade de testar o desempenho individual antes de prescrever este modelo de treino.ABSTRACT. Effect of conditioning contraction with different intensities on vertical jump performance.BACKGROUND: Post-activation potentiation is the phenomenon of increased muscle power when preceded by a high intensity conditioning activity (CA).OBJECTIVE: To verify the acute effect of three different intensities of conditioning activity on the vertical jump performance.METHODS: Fifteen men with strength training experience visited the laboratory on six occasions. The first two visits were intended exclusively to identify the 1RM load in the squat exercise. The other visits were carried out at random, comprising three experimental conditions and one control. The experimental procedures were composed with the CA performed in 3 sets of 3 repetitions with 20,55 or 90% of 1RM in the squat exercise. Before and 10 minutes after performing the CA, the volunteers performed 3 vertical jumps. In the control visit, no CA was performed between the sets of jumps. As a dependent variable, both the highest height obtained (best performance) and the average height of each sets of jumps were considered. After checking the normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test, a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to check if there was an interaction or main effect. The level of significance was p0.05. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures did not observe group x test interaction (p=0.938) and neither main group effect (p=0.486) nor test (p=0.658) when considering the average of the 3 jumps. The same result was observed when the best performance jump was evaluated (p=0.582; p=0.873; p=0.119).CONCLUSION: The protocols adopted in the present study do not seem to interfere with the vertical jump performance for individuals experienced in strength training, but not athletes. Biological individuality is an important influencing factor, indicating the need to test individual performance before prescribing this training model.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 216495612098414
Author(s):  
Dawson Church ◽  
Peta Stapleton ◽  
Debbie Sabot

Background A growing body of clinical research attests to the psychological and physiological benefits of meditation. EcoMeditation is a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach used to promote health and well-being, comprising four evidence-based techniques: The Quick Coherence Technique for regulating heart rate variability (HRV), Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), mindfulness, and neurofeedback. Objectives This study investigated changes in psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), pain, and happiness following a one-day EcoMeditation training workshop delivered in a large-group format and at 3-months post-intervention. Methods A convenience sample of 208 participants (137 women, 71 men) aged between 21 and 87 years ( M = 55.4 years; SD = 12.8 years) attended a one-day EcoMeditation training workshop. Participants completed a pen-and-paper survey pre-workshop and post-workshop, and an online survey three months following the EcoMeditation intervention. Results Post-workshop results revealed significant reductions in anxiety (−23.4%, p <  .001), depression (−15.8%, p =  .011), PTSD (−11.8%, p <  .001), and pain (−18.5%, p <  .001), while happiness scores increased significantly (+8.9%, p <  .001). At 3-month follow-up, one-way repeated-measures ANOVA ( N =  65) found significant decreases in anxiety between pre-test and post-test, and pain between pre-intervention and 3-month follow-up. Differences in depression and PTSD scores were not significant over time. Happiness scores significantly increased from pre-test to 3-month follow-up. However, post-hoc analyses suggested that the final sample size was inadequate to detect significant differences between time points. Conclusion Findings provide preliminary support for EcoMeditation as a brief group-based stress reduction intervention with benefits for improved psychological functioning.


2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Michelle F. Magee ◽  
Stacey I. Kaltman ◽  
Mihriye Mete ◽  
Carine M. Nassar

Purpose The primary aim of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of codelivering a mental health intervention with an evidence-based type 2 diabetes (T2DM) boot camp care management program. The preliminary impact of participation on symptom scores for depression and anxiety and A1C was also examined. Methods This was a 12-week, non-randomized pilot intervention conducted with a convenience sample of adults with uncontrolled T2DM and moderate depression and/or anxiety at an urban teaching hospital. Co-management intervention delivery was via in-person and telehealth visits. Participants were assessed at baseline and 90 days. Results Participants (n = 18) were African American, majority female (83%), and age 50.7 ± 13.4 years. Significant improvements in mental health outcomes were demonstrated, as measured by a reduction in Patient Health Questionnaire − 9 scores of 2.4 ± 2.9 ( P = .01) and in Generalized Anxiety Disorder − 7 scores of 2.3 ± 1.9 ( P = .001). The pre-post intervention mean A1C improved by 3.4 ± 2.1 units from 12% ± 1.4% to 8.5% ± 1.7% ( P < .001). Conclusion The data generated in this pilot support the feasibility of delivering a diabetes and mental health co-management intervention using a combination of in-person and telemedicine visits to engage adults with T2DM and coexisting moderate depression and/or anxiety. Further research is warranted.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. O’Sullivan ◽  
Valerie Power ◽  
Barry Linnane ◽  
Deirdre McGrath ◽  
Magdalena Mulligan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP) devices are important adjuncts to airway clearance therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Current devices are typically reusable and require daily, or often more frequent, cleaning to prevent risk of infection by acting as reservoirs of potentially pathogenic organisms. In response, a daily disposable OPEP device, the UL-OPEP, was developed to mitigate the risk of contamination and eliminate the burdensome need for cleaning devices. Methods A convenience sample of 36 participants, all current OPEP device users, was recruited from a paediatric CF service. For one month, participants replaced their current OPEP device with a novel daily disposable device. Assessment included pre- and post-intervention lung function by spirometry, as well as Lung Clearance Index. Quality of life was assessed using the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire – Revised, while user experience was evaluated with a post-study survey. Results 31 participants completed the study: 18 males; median age 10 years, range 4–16 years. Lung function (mean difference ± SD, %FEV1 = 1.69 ± 11.93; %FVC = 0.58 ± 10.04; FEV1: FVC = 0.01 ± 0.09), LCI (mean difference ± SD, 0.08 ± 1.13), six-minute walk test, and CFQ-R were unchanged post-intervention. Participant-reported experiences of the device were predominantly positive. Conclusions The disposable OPEP device maintained patients’ lung function during short term use (≤ 1 month), and was the subject of positive feedback regarding functionality while reducing the risk of airway contamination associated with ineffective cleaning. Registration The study was approved as a Clinical Investigation by the Irish Health Products Regulatory Authority (CRN-2209025-CI0085).


2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110231
Author(s):  
Kishoree Sangarapillai ◽  
Benjamin M. Norman ◽  
Quincy J. Almeida

Background. Exercise is increasingly becoming recognized as an important adjunct to medications in the clinical management of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Boxing and sensory exercise have shown immediate benefits, but whether they continue beyond program completion is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of boxing and sensory training on motor symptoms of PD, and whether these benefits remain upon completion of the intervention. Methods. In this 20-week double-blinded randomized controlled trial, 40 participants with idiopathic PD were randomized into 2 treatment groups, (n = 20) boxing or (n = 20) sensory exercise. Participants completed 10 weeks of intervention. Motor symptoms were assessed at (week 0, 10, and 20) using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III). Data were analyzed using SPSS, and repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted. Results. A significant interaction effect between groups and time were observed F(1, 39) = 4.566, P = .036, where the sensory group improved in comparison to the boxing group. Post hoc analysis revealed that in comparison to boxing, the effects of exercise did not wear off at washout (week 20) P < .006. Conclusion. Future rehabilitation research should incorporate similar measures to explore whether effects of exercise wear off post intervention.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Johansson ◽  
Marie Ernsth Bravell ◽  
Eleonor I. Fransson ◽  
Sofi Fristedt

Abstract Background Home rehabilitation is a growing rehabilitation service in many countries, but scientific knowledge of its components and outcomes is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate; 1) which changes in functioning and self-rated health could be identified in relation to a home rehabilitation program in a population of community-dwelling citizens, and 2) how socio-demographic factors, health conditions and home rehabilitation interventions were associated to change in functioning and self-rated health after the home rehabilitation program. Method The sample consisted of participants in a municipal home rehabilitation project in Sweden and consisted of 165 community-dwelling citizens. General Linear Models (ANOVA repeated measures) was used for identifying changes in rehabilitation outcomes. Logistic regressions analysis was used to investigate associations between rehabilitation outcomes and potential factors associated to outcome. Result Overall improvements in functioning and self-rated health were found after the home rehabilitation program. Higher frequencies of training sessions with occupational therapists, length of home rehabilitation, and orthopaedic conditions of upper extremities and spine as the main health condition, were associated with rehabilitation outcomes. Conclusion The result indicates that the duration of home rehabilitation interventions and intensity of occupational therapy, as well as the main medical condition may have an impact on the outcomes of home rehabilitation and needs to be considered when planning such programs. However, more research is needed to guide practice and policymaking.


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